Friends in the circle may have heard similar words such as "a thousand years of history looks at Shaanxi, Chinese civilization looks at Shanxi", no matter which description, it seems to reflect the long history of Shaanxi and Shanxi, and there are naturally many cultural relics; but if you really want to talk about "national treasures", there is another place more than Shaanxi and Shanxi, that is, the Forbidden City of the Forbidden City in Beijing.
According to historical records, the "Forbidden City" was built in the fourth year of Ming Yongle (1406), and later successive dynasties and emperors have expanded, especially after the repair of the "Ten Elderly People" Qianlong, it is now a huge building complex covering an area of 720,000 square meters; since it is a royal court, every grass and tree in it is "cultural relics", and today's Forbidden City has naturally become a "museum" of a higher level than the "museum".
Counting up, the Forbidden City is more than 600 years old, especially in 2020, when the "Forbidden City was established for 600 years" cultural exhibition, which attracted tourists from all over the world, as well as scholars and experts from all walks of life; this "cultural exhibition" can be described as an unprecedented collection of national treasure cultural relics, and many cultural relics of "forbidden exhibition" also appear here, including a "screen window".
Speaking of this, a friend may ask "A screen window, such an ordinary thing can also be regarded as a national treasure cultural relic?" Here to explain, the full name of this screen window is "Fu Wangge South Wearing Gold and Silver Lacquer Yarn Horizontal Cloak Window"; at first glance, it looks quite round-mouthed, the function is actually similar to the folk screen window, but placed in the Forbidden City, "the function is similar", the value can be different.
To put it simply, this "lacquer yarn" is specially customized for Fu Wangge, made in the thirty-eighth year of Qianlong, and personally supervised by Li Qianying, the two Huaiyan politicians, in Jiangnan; at first glance, the front and back of this "yarn" are decorated with gold and silver tricolor passionflower, curly grass and dragon pattern, and both sides can be viewed, as if a double-sided embroidery, and completely transparent.
Speaking of this, or some friends are even more unconvinced, "The emperor's things, exquisite is certain, but after all, it is only a layer of 'yarn', why has it become a national treasure cultural relics that are 'forbidden to be exhibited'?" ”
Of course, it will not be so simple, carefully look at the "Fu Wangge lacquer yarn" only has the thickness of one piece of A4 paper; in fact, this national treasure has a dry kun, "thin as paper" under the appearance of 6 layers of "can not be copied" ancient skills.
To put it simply, the "Fuwangge lacquer yarn" consists of a yarn core layer, a paper sample layer, a gold layer, a bottom layer, a blending layer, a contour layer, and six layers of superposition together constitute the degree of "thin as paper"; not to mention the difficulty of the process, only "6 layers of superposition can also be as thin as paper", which is enough to be called a national treasure.
Then "disassembled" to see, its yarn core layer is twisted from mulberry silk into a yarn core, and both sides are full of gold leaf, but also the warp and weft lines are hollow; it is simple to say, "full of gold leaf" can be so thin, its difficulty can be imagined.
Then there is the "paper sample layer", and then carved out the complete pattern with sharp paper, and then pasted on the yarn core, the "gold layer" is glued with vermilion paint, and then the paper is covered with gold leaf, "bottom layer" along the edge of the pattern, with lead and other pigments to accumulate a certain thickness, "blending layer" with dense gold and silver powder, depicting the color of the change in shades, and finally the "hook layer", but also with red gold gold leaf to outline the pattern outline.
It sounds very complicated, but it is such a complex "yarn", its thickness is only as thin as a piece of paper; even if it is such a complex process, the ancient craftsmen still have to ensure that the "yarn" is completely transparent, and it is fair to say that it is "simple" to use language to describe this national treasure.
Of course, if you really want to trace the history, "yarn" has appeared as early as the Warring States Period, and "lacquer yarn" has even become the standard of people after the Han Dynasty; to put it bluntly, the ancient yarn is the "towel" that the ancients wrapped their hair, almost all men and women use it; in this way, "yarn" has been passed down for thousands of years, and its skills have long been mature, and in the Qianlong period, "6-layer craft" should be very common, right?
Just talk about the story of "Fu Wangge Lacquer Yarn" here, and you will know how precious the "6-layer craft" is. Since the ancient Jiangnan had more yarns, Qianlong ordered Li Qianying, the "two Huai salt government" at that time, to personally supervise the construction in Jiangnan.
It was not until 1773 that these "screen windows" were driven out by Jiangnan craftsmen, and they were quickly transported to the Forbidden City and presented to the emperor as a "tribute"; speaking of this, some friends may say, "This is not strange, of course, the emperor's things must be carefully crafted, and finally it is not made?" ”
Indeed, this batch of "screen windows" was made, but the number was pitifully small, only more than ten pieces; just imagine, "the emperor hand-picked, the imperial court officials personally supervised the construction" is what kind of work scene, Jiangnan craftsmen "several years" rushed to work, which created more than a dozen pieces, which is enough to reflect the difficulty of the production of "FuWangge lacquer yarn".
Today, this kind of "yarn" is only a piece of Fuwangge, and its preciousness is more prominent; more than this, friends in the circle may know that the paper or silk in cultural relics is difficult to preserve, and the protection of "Fuwangge lacquer yarn" is even more difficult.
Therefore, "Fu Wangge Lacquer Yarn" is generally not exhibited. Speaking of this, some friends may say, "This is not fair, entering the Forbidden City is to buy tickets, why did I buy tickets, but I can't see this kind of cultural relics?" So many experts, can't they copy one as an exhibit? ”
Speaking of this is still very embarrassing for experts, because although it is now tested by various instruments, it is probably known that the production process of "Fuwangge lacquer yarn" is known; but if you really want to "copy" this yarn, at least for now, no one can reach it, not only is the reason for the loss of ancient technology, but also this lacquer yarn can only be handmade, and it is difficult to use the assistance of any "modern machine".
Speaking of which, "reproduction" is unlikely, so the only remaining piece of "Fuwangge lacquer yarn" is more precious, and even the experts of the "Cultural Exhibition" said: (Fuwangge lacquer yarn) is too fragile, it is difficult to have the opportunity to publicly exhibit in the future, perhaps this time is "no singing".