First conclusion: Song Yingxing is unlikely to "shave his hair and change clothes", let alone the kind of "braided head" in the show.
As a rare agricultural scientist in ancient China,
Song Yingxing has always been a "Ming Dynasty man" in the basic education textbook, but the recent "China in the Classics" column suddenly gave him "shaved his hair and changed clothes", installed a "braided head", and changed to a Qing Dynasty.
In this regard, some netizens pointed out:
Song Yingxing is not only a scientist, he is also an anti-Qing fighter, who has insisted on anti-Qing all his life
。 After his death, he refused to leave the army and lived in seclusion in the countryside.
His biological brother Song Yingsheng was martyred for the Ming Dynasty.
We should respect Song Yingxing's ideological personality and absolutely cannot accept him as a cleansing style.
However, many people also expressed their opposition, on the grounds that Song Yingxing lived in the Qing Dynasty for the last dozen years, so he had almost no possibility of surviving without shaving his hair.
To this end, I looked through some materials and found that Song Yingxing had served as the governor of Bozhou and Guangzhou at the end of the Ming Dynasty. His "
The Tiangong Kaiwu (天工開物) was printed with the words "Beiyu" (北虏), which was banned in the early years of Shunzhi.
The first literal prison in the early Qing Dynasty began in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647 AD), so Song Yingxing either died in the "literal prison" or disguised as a Taoist priest and lived in seclusion in the mountains until 1666 AD.
First, starting from a poem, look at Song Yingxing's personality
When we talk about the life of Song Yingxing, let's first look at a poem written by his friend Liu Tongsheng. Liu Tongsheng was a member of the Chongzhen Decade (1637 CE) of the Ding Ugly Branch, and was the son and daughter of Tang Xianzu. The official zuo shilang of the Southern Ming Army, tired and died in office, was loyal to the country.
Liu Tongsheng and Song Yingxing were friends before they died, and he once wrote a poem called "Song Changgeng Gong Visits the Mountains and Cherishes Li Kuangshan and Preface", in which Song Changgeng is Song Yingxing.
Liu Tongsheng said in the preface: Song Yingxing met the "Daoist" Li Kuangshan in 1610 AD, and the two met again after about thirty years. In 1642, in order to attend the appointment, Song Yingxing resigned from the post of governor of Tingzhou, Fujian Province, to fulfill the treaty.
After Gannan met with Liu Tongsheng, he met Li Kuangshan at Xiangshan Temple. Liu Tongsheng praised Song Yingxing for "his behavior is elegant and enviable", so he wrote the following poem:
Don't look at the dream to come true, there are people in the forest.
Yi Zi Xian Zhou once met Li, and the air made Hanoi more worried.
Jianggan is stationed in the same coarse, and the landscape is home to about the scales.
Thirty years of rewarding the Old Testament, such as Juncha did not live up to the Pine Jun.
To the effect of:
Originally thought that Wei Jin's demeanor was a fantastic existence, I did not expect it to become a reality in an instant, and there were really people in the world who inherited the wind bones of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Forest (here praise Song Yingxing).
Thirty years ago, I had met the god Li Kuangshan on a boat, and Pingbai made me miss Kou Gong like the people of Hanoi County in the Han Dynasty.
At the beginning, the three of us once ate coarse tea and light rice together in Jianggan, taking the landscape as our home and meeting to fish. Thirty years later, we came as promised, and Li Kuangshan should live up to our pine heart.
Li Kuangshan is not a Taoist, but he has a cultivating heart. He was originally friends with Liu Tongsheng and Song Yingxing. It seems that the three of them once met to practice monasticism. This time, in order to go to the thirty-year covenant, Song Yingxing was also an official.
Directly from his post in Fujian, he ran to the newly built Xiangshan Temple in Jiangxi to meet Li Kuangshan. However, Song Xingying did not go to renunciation with Li Kuangshan.
What is even more strange is that he left his post without authorization from the Fujian post, and in 1643 he was promoted to Bozhou Zhizhou.
Song Yingxing left his post without permission, and the reason why he could not descend but rise was because Daming Sheji was already crumbling, but there was also a reason that he did not want to really give up his duties at such a time.
According to Song Shiyuan's "Biography of Chang Gung", Song Yingxing rushed back to Tingzhou immediately after going to Li Kuangshan's appointment. At that time, there was a pirate, and when the overseer saw that he had returned, he scolded him and blamed him for appeasing and raising Kou during his term of office.
In order to atone for his sins, Song Yingxing broke into the pirate's nest alone and successfully recruited the pirates. A fire burned the den, so it was promoted to Bozhou Zhizhou.
When Song Yingxing took office as the governor of Bozhou, the officials of Bozhou were burned down.
He paid for 400 taels of gold to rebuild it out of his own pocket, and later quelled two peasant uprisings. It was not until 1644 AD that the Ming court was indeed impossible to save, and he had the intention to go. At that time, he did not know that Daming had died, and asked his friends to help him go through the procedure and resign.
From these things, we can see that Song Yingxing is a very committed person. In his early years, he may have aspired to learn the Tao, until 1642, when he reunited with Liu Tongsheng and Li Kuangshan, Liu Tongsheng still held the idea of monasticism.
Only in the end, Liu Tongsheng surrendered to Nanming for the great righteousness of the nation and bowed to the country and died. Li Kuangshan left home as he wished, and died in a small boat in 1643. Song Yingxing cherished the ideal of writing a book, endured humiliation, hid in the mountains and forests, and the final outcome became a mystery.
Second, why song Yingxing could not "shave his hair and change clothes" to live in the Qing Dynasty
At the beginning of the chapter, I mentioned that song Yingxing could never have lived in the Qing Dynasty "shaving his hair and changing his clothes".
Because just "shaving his hair and getting dressed" is not enough to hide his identity.
"Starting to Open Things" was a bestseller in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, and was once pushed by booksellers to sell them in the streets and alleys. The first edition of the book (some people think it is the second edition) was printed in the tenth year of Chongzhen, and the republishment was in the early Shunzhi period, and then
In the early Qing Dynasty, the "prison of words" prevailed.
The first literal prison in the early Qing Dynasty took place in the fourth year of Shunzhi (1647 AD), and the case was called the "Change Record" case, and the main offender was sentenced to exile. In the fifth year of Shunzhi (1647 AD), there were three consecutive literary prisons, one of the main criminals died of illness, one was exiled, and one was unknown.
Then in the seventeenth year of Shunzhi (1660 AD), there was a man named Zhang Jinyan, because there was a sentence in the article "Will Be Ming Zhicai", and he couldn't understand what it meant, so he didn't let him explain it and killed him directly.
The next case, everyone who has seen Jin Yong's "Deer Ding", knows that it is the "Ming History Case" of the Zhuang father and son. The case killed more than seventy people and implicated thousands
。 This case
It was heard until the second year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1662 AD),
It is conceivable that the Qing Dynasty's literary network was strict.
Song Yingxing's "Heavenly Works and Things" has been widely disseminated as early as more than ten years before the Ming Dynasty.
It was impossible for the rulers of the Qing Dynasty to be unaware of its existence, and it was even more unlikely that they would discover the word "Beiyu" in it long after a long time.
After the death of Ming, according to the words and deeds of the Song Yingxing brothers, they happened to be the target of the "word prison" sanctions. If he was willing to become an official, he might have been spared death.
But
Song Yingxing did not serve in the Qing Dynasty, he insisted on anti-Qing all his life, and his brother Song Yingsheng was also a hardcore anti-Qing element, what reason did the Shunzhi Dynasty have to let him "shave his hair and change clothes" and write books freely?
At the same time, the kind of "braided head" of Song Yingxing in the show did not appear until the middle and late Qing Dynasty, and the hairstyle of the early Qing Dynasty was "money rattail". How could a person in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties have a "braided head" in the middle and late Qing Dynasty?
In addition, all the historical data show that Song Yingxing was indeed not killed because of this "Tiangong Kaiwu", so he could only live to the fifteenth year of the Southern Ming Yong calendar (1661 AD) or the twentieth year of the Yong calendar (1666 AD) if he could only pretend to be a Taoist monk.
epilogue
Judging from Liu Tongsheng's poems, Song Yingxing had the heart to learn the Tao
。 He, Liu Tongsheng, and Li Kuangshan had met to ask for advice. Later, Li Kuangshan succeeded in the Tao, and Liu Tongsheng felt very envious. In the fourth sentence of the poem, he compares Li Kuangshan to Kou Gong of Liu Xiu's time.
According to legend, Kou Ke was one of the "Twenty-Eight Generals of Yuntai", and his intellect and martial arts were outstanding. Liu Xiu took him to fight, and when the robbers saw him, they fled in the wind and did not have to do anything at all. As long as there is a Kou Gong, one side will naturally settle down.
Liu Tongsheng obviously did not want to say that Li Kuangshan had the ability to stabilize the world, but wanted to say that as long as this Daoist friend was there, he and Song Yingxing would be stable in their hearts. Because Li Kuangshan was there, they knew where to go in the future.
However, just when the country was broken and the family was destroyed, the country and mountains were overturned. Both Liu Tongsheng and Song Yingxing gave up monasticism and chose to defect to Nanming together.
Liu Tongsheng survived for the country until the oil ran out, and died of illness in the second year of The Southern Ming Longwu (1646 AD).
。
In the same year, Song Yingxing's brother Song Yingsheng saw that there was no hope of restoring the country and committed suicide. Song Yingxing deeply despaired of Nanming's corruption,
But he can't die, and he has a responsibility to pass on China's agricultural technology from generation to generation.
Therefore, he refused the post of patrolling the Southern Ming Dynasty and returned to the hidden mountains and forests
，
The final outcome is a mystery.
Unfortunately, most of the books he wrote after his return to hiding were lost, and only a few of them survived.
In addition to Song Yingxing, a famous novelist of the Ming Dynasty known to contemporary times, Feng Menglong, the author of "Three Words", who wrote "Zhongxing Weiluo" at the age of seventy-two and then joined Nanming, died of illness the following year due to anxiety about the country. Ling Mengchu, the author of "Second Beat", was sixty-five years old and died of martyrdom when he defended the city.