On the endless desert wasteland, there is smoke wafting in the air, and it is very desolate to look at. Suddenly, an iron hammer came from a distance and struck the decent man who had fled in the wilderness riding a BMW. Blood stained the earth red, and with him was buried the dream of the Ming Dynasty for three generations to drive out the Tartars. The number one hero of the Battle of Jingnan, the British Gongzhangpu, the Duke of Chengguo Zhu Yong and a group of officials to the post of Bingbu Shangshu also died one after another, and the 200,000 elite soldiers accumulated by three generations would be wiped out, and what was even more terrifying was that the person was captured.
That decent man was none other than the eunuch Wang Zhen, who had spoken to Emperor Mingying's Emperor Zhu Qizhen and instigated the emperor's personal conquest of the Mongol Tatars. Now, Yingzong was captured, the three generations of foundations turned into smoke and dust, and the court collapsed, which was the dark moment of the Ming Dynasty. It was July of the seventeenth year of orthodoxy, and this moment was known as the Tumu Fort Mutiny.
The Father of the Gate
The court could not be left without a master for a day, and under the advice of Yu Qian and others and with the support of the empress, Zhu Qiyu, who was in charge of the state, ascended to the throne and was known as Emperor Ming of the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Qiyu refused in every way, and he remembered that in the past, the two brothers had a good courtesy, and the brothers and brothers were respectful. His brother's tolerance allowed him, a prince who had reached the age of 18, to stay safe in his hometown (the Ming Dynasty ancestral training, the princes who had reached the age of 18 must go to their respective domains, and could not return to Beijing without the emperor's summons), and it was precisely because of his brother's trust that he handed over the power of the supervision of the country to him before the expedition. It was helpless to let him replace his brother, and the overall situation was important to him and he could only ascend to this throne of power that was admired by thousands of people and was extremely lonely.
(Zhuqi Town)
The Mongols gained a lot of advantages, and Mongolia has been mainly nomadic since ancient times and lacks agricultural production experience. Whenever a war is launched, it is necessary to loot the grain and silk fabrics of the Central Plains. This time, the kidnapping of Zhu Qizhen, the Emperor of Daming, had an inexhaustible "meal ticket." Escorting the emperor to the border pass, it was really convenient and shameless to ask for grain. Zhu Qizhen also hardened his scalp, and the answer he got was that there was already a new lord in the DPRK, and the Emperor Taishang should encourage himself.
Seeing that he would not get the benefits, he also estimated that he would return yingzong.
In this process of humiliation over and over again, the most hurtful thing was not the kidnapped Yingzong, nor the acting general who was reluctant to ascend to the throne, but the young Emperor Xianzong, and the change of Tumu Fort brought indelible pain to his young soul.
Sequelae of oral dementia
Historical records record that Emperor Mingxianzong Suffered from severe oral dementia, and as the king of a country, such a defect greatly affected the image of the dynasty. But all this is not a natural disaster, but a "man-made disaster".
After his uncle Zhu Qiyu ascended the throne, he initially felt uncomfortable, and he loved the young Zhu Jianyu (Zhu Mishen's original name Zhu Miyu), and the life of the crown prince was still good. Over time, Zhu Qiyu was completely addicted to the thrill of the power game. In 1450, in June of the first year of Jingtai, after the defense of Beijing hit a wall, the Mongolian Tatars and the Ming court eased relations and sent emissaries to request the return of Ming Yingzong. Zhu Qiyu refused in every way and then reluctantly welcomed back the Emperor Taishang. However, Zhu Qiyu turned his face and did not recognize anyone, and was doomed to lose his freedom or even everything at the moment when his brother entered the palace. On the one hand, Zhu Qiyu has been in this position for a year and has been obsessed with the charm of power; on the other hand, Zhu Qiyu does have some ability, at least he does not want his brother to spoil the eunuchs as much as he wants, and he has also won some popular hearts. The devastation of the Tumubao Incident and the trampling of the Mongolian Tatars on the homeland of the interior have long since made Zhuqi Town lose the hearts of the people and lose the world. In contrast, the younger brother Zhu Qiyu was only the older brother who imprisoned the country and the people, which could also be regarded as benevolent.
After his father Zhu Qizhen was placed under house arrest in the Nangong, Zhu Jianlian as a child clearly felt that the number of subordinates around him was decreasing, and many palace women and eunuchs who had previously surrounded him gradually turned away from him. It wasn't until he was kicked out that he didn't know what his uncle had done.
In 1452, three years after Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu's claws finally reached Zhu Jiantao, and the four-year-old Zhu Jianyu was deposed as the King of Yi. When he was young, he left the Beijing master who gave birth to him with a small amount of luggage and the palace maid with the surname of Wan, who had not abandoned and cared for him all these years, and he lost everything when he left. Although this is also a kind of relief, from the day his father Zhu Qizhen was captured in the Tumu Fort mutiny, and his uncle Zhu Qiyu succeeded to the throne, he lived under the haze of his uncle, cautious everywhere, and brought irreparable wounds to the child's heart, and under this high-pressure life, he became a stutter. All this is like a curse given to him by his uncle Zhu Qiyu, I believe that the moment he stepped out of the palace door was suddenly relaxed, and it would always come.
Father who seized the throne
Zhu Qiyu's son Zhu Jianji deservedly became the new crown prince, and when this new star slowly rose under the attention of everyone, an accident occurred, which can also be said to be retribution. The following year, Zhu Jianji died prematurely. Under the blow of the white-haired man sending the black-haired person, Zhu Qiyu has been infected with the disease since then.
In 1457, the eighth year of Jingtai, Zhu Qiyu of the Ming Dynasty could not survive. The ministers Shi Heng, Xu Youzhen and others speculated, attacked the palace at night, opened the south palace, and welcomed Zhu Qizhen back to the throne. Zhu Qiyu was soon demoted to the title of King of Qi and placed under house arrest in Xiyuan, and in the midst of illness and ruthless revenge from his brother, he finally came to the end of his fate. After his death, he was buried in Xishan as a prince, the only emperor who was not buried in the Ming Tombs since the Ming Dynasty moved the capital of Yongle to Beijing. Moreover, he was called "戾" by his brother, "戾" is a vicious slur, and now he is still harmed by people's hostility.
Although my brother is dead, the reckoning is not over. After Emperor Yingzong's succession, he vigorously praised the heroes who won the change of the door. These villains originally looked at Qian and a bunch of loyal ministers who served the country and the people. In order to consolidate their position and reshuffle the power of the central government, they killed a group of old ministers such as Shangshu Yuqian of the Bingbu and Wang Wen of the Shangshu of the Ministry of Public Servants for treason. Xu Youzhen began to cover the sky with one hand.
Emperor Yingzong returned to the throne, but this position was supposed to be Zhu Jianshen's. There was no way, Zhu Jianshen could only continue to queue up until he died his father, in order to truly inherit the unification. (Logically, Zhu Qiyu died, the crown prince Zhu Jianji died early, and the next emperor should have been Zhu Jianshen, but the change in the door was not the throne of Zhu Qiyu, whose life was shortly overdue, but the throne of Emperor Xianzong' son Emperor Yingzong, Zhu Jianshen, an incident that made him reign for eight years.) ）
In the first month of 1457, in the first year of Jingtai, the yuan was changed to Tianshun that year, zhu jianli changed his name to Zhu Mishen and returned to the position of prince, and Zhu Jianji, who had already died prematurely, was demoted to the position of prince by his uncle Zhu Qizhen, and his original crown prince was not recognized. The lives of Zhu Qizhen and Zhu Jianshen's father and son were not extremely tailai, but the Ming Dynasty was even more turbulent. Since the Tianshun years, Zhu Qizhen has carried out a large-scale liquidation incident, the old minister has been imprisoned, and the heroes of the change of seizing the door, regardless of their character, have been reused one by one, and emperor Yingzong in his later years has also committed old mistakes, once again favoring the eunuchs, the government and the public are in a miasma of black smoke, and the people are also living in the depths of the water. What is even more frightening is that Zhu Qizhen did not review himself, but instead thought of summoning the souls of his eunuch friends, and even erected a monument for those who "took care" of him for a year.
Son who cleans up the mess
Fortunately, Zhu Qizhen only tossed for eight years, and in 1464, Emperor Mingyingzong Zhu Qizhen died, and the only legendary figure in history who was twice emperor ended his life. Zhu Mishen naturally ascended to the throne that belonged to him.
As soon as this emperor took office, he first uprooted the people who had made a fortune by speculation in the change of seizing the door, and reused the sage Li Xian and others, and under his personal efforts, the eunuchs' chaotic government was also alleviated.
He also rehabilitated his uncle Zhu Qiyu, who had killed him, and recognized his throne. He also repeatedly issued edicts to appease Yu Qian and other loyal weiguo loyalists who died tragically, and since then the politics of the central government have gradually become clear.
At the local level, he attached more importance to the problem of Jingxiang displaced people, and in the Chenghua Dynasty, he made good use of Yuan Jie and other talents to set up Yunyang Province, placed displaced people on the basis of household registration, and solved the problem of Jingxiang displaced people that plagued the central government.
It vigorously attacked the Jurchen forces externally, and won a complete victory, making it unable to make enemies of the Ming Dynasty for nearly a hundred years to come.
The ills of nature
Of course, no one is perfect. In the Chenghua Dynasty, the West Factory arose, and the west factory also endangered the stability of the central government, and at that time, everyone in the court was also in danger, and all the officials in Beijing lived under the supervision of the emperor.
However, this is not Zhu Jianshen's biggest drawback, he is actually criticized by People for the "Oedipal Plot" mentioned by Mr. Mingyue in "Those Things of the Ming Dynasty".
Zhu Mishen became emperor, and the biggest beneficiary was the palace girl with the surname of Wan who had never abandoned it. Now he is the emperor's favorite concubine. How could The 17-year-old Wan Guifei He De, who was 17 years old, become a spoiled concubine? Not the appearance, but the true feelings of suffering and sharing. Fifteen years ago, she snuggled up to each other in exchange for fifteen years later's glory and wealth, which she deserved. But what was criticized was that she was disrespectful and cruel to the imperial heir. She was favored by Emperor Xianzong and called the wind and rain in the harem, and even the decent empress Wu at that time had to give three points. In the second year of Chenghua, the 38-year-old Wan Clan gave birth to a crown prince, and his mother was crowned a noble concubine, and wan shi was crowned as a noble concubine. Probably too arrogant, the next year the child died early. Since then, Wan Guifei has never been pregnant, and strangely enough, Emperor Xianzong has never had a prince incarnate since then.
According to historical records, this vicious woman, because she could not have children, wantonly mutilated pregnant concubines, and even did not let go of the slightest sign. Later, she was even more attracted by the courtier Qian Nengwang Zhi and others, and for a time the foreign relatives were arbitrary.
Under the hands and feet of her, Empress Wu, who was an enemy of her, was even more tragically deposed and disposed of, and the successor Empress Mingzhe protected herself, and she was obedient to Wan Guifei.
In 1486, comets appeared several times, and comets were thought to be unknown in ancient times. Sure enough, in the spring of the following year, Wan Shi died of a violent illness. When Wan died, Xianzong was devastated and threatened to go with her. Sure enough, in less than half a year, the 41-year-old Xianzong drove the crane to the west due to grief.
epilogue
Zhu Jianshen was a good man, a kind man, and he did not settle accounts with his uncle Zhu QiYuqiu. He was decent as an emperor, and although to a certain extent he cleaned up the mess left by his confused father Zhu Qizhen, he did not succeed in making the Ming Dynasty prosperous, and the national rejuvenation plan was all entrusted to his son Zhu Youfan.
But we can't deny that he did the excessive role of dynastic revival, and it is most appropriate to say that he is a "moderate emperor".
We understand that he lived all his life in the shadow of the change of the earth fort, that it was understandable to spoil the concubines, and that the true feelings at the time of his death would be remembered to the bone. Once a hall of laughter, now I am deceitful. He had seen too much, and the ruthlessness was the most imperial family, which may be the true portrayal of Xianzong's life.
Resources
Ming Talks About Migration - "The State of the Republic"
Ming Guan xiu - "Ming Shilu"
Qing Zhang Tingyu - History of the Ming Dynasty, Zhonghua Bookstore