Just as the so-called "investment is risky, you need to be cautious when entering the market", the "Nishihara borrowing" that occurred in the history of China and Japan is still really responding to this old saying, and this stupid joke is very popular at the same time, but also can't help but make people have an impulse to explore the truth: What kind of spark did the meticulous Japanese cabinet Teriya Masayoshi meet the ambitious Beiyang warlord Duan Qirui?
I will reveal them for you.
The incident occurred between 1917 and 1918, when the then Japanese Prime Minister Masaki Terauchi reached a series of huge loans with the government of the Chinese Beiyang warlord Duan Qirui, and because this loan was completed by Terauchi Masayoshi's close associate, Nishihara Kamezo, it was called "Nishihara Loan".
There are talented people in the jiangshan generation, each leading the way for hundreds of years.
In that era of warlords and heroes, everyone who was mixed up in the Republic of China was eager to complete the feat of unifying the world, and Duan Qirui was one of them. As one of the biggest people of that era, even if he was crowned with the title of tyrant, it was not too much. If nothing else, just taking out this huge amount of money from the Japanese must have been enough for him to blow up half a lifetime! However, is the truth really as everyone thinks, duan Qirui is really so kind-hearted, willing to be a lao lai, so actively hit the Japanese with the abacus of "cheating money"?
In fact, it is not always the case, after Yuan Shikai's death, the Anhui family represented by Duan Qirui's "Duan Tiger" really overwhelmed the direct lineage and reached the peak of life. But the old saying also says that it is easy to fight the country and the country is difficult to defend the country! After all, Duan Qirui's government did not eliminate the other two factions, and the warlords divided their territory to form a situation in which Anhui, Zhi, and Feng were three-legged.
For a long time, all the warlords have drawn the ground as a prison and are self-contained. No one is that rich. Beijing can't receive money, and the Beiyang government can be said to be unable to make ends meet, and it has long faced a financial crisis that even public servants and employees can't afford to pay money. In this case, Duan Qirui had already started the idea of the Japanese, and he wanted to make some Japanese money through Sino-Japanese cooperation. Therefore, he secretly sent Cao Rulin and Lu Zongyu to secretly discuss Sino-Japanese cooperation. However, at this time, Japan hit it off and finally established a loan of 140 million yuan, which was loaned to Duan Qirui in different batches.
Zhou Yu beat Huang Gai - one willing to fight one wished to be beaten.
At that time, the Japanese government was also attracted by the treasure land of Feng Shui in China, and as a capitalist power that invaded China in the later stage, the Japanese government did not actually obtain the expected benefits in the early stage of the frenzy of partition. Several times I wanted to make some small moves, but I did not dare to be so arrogant in front of other veteran powers, until the end of the First World War, the Japanese government plucked up the courage to take advantage of the absence of the capitalist big brothers and the Duan Qirui government to secretly do things.
Many readers may wonder why Japan at that time was willing to pay this money.
Did Japan really not consider the repayment capacity of the Duan government at that time? In fact, in 1917, when the Beiyang government could not open the pot because of taxes, it was precisely the time when Japan's pocket was the most drummed. At that time, in the First World War, Japan, as an Allied power, was not affected by many wars, and Japan, which had not yet participated in the war, used this free time to join the ranks of the great powers in one fell swoop. Watching other powers use their advantages to try to control the Chinese government, the Japanese government naturally wants to share a piece of the pie through special means.
Having money can make ghosts grind, and the prime minister of the temple happened to take advantage of this mentality of the Duan Qirui government in an attempt to control China's politics, economy, and military by releasing long-term fishing in such a way. Therefore, Terauchi Masayoshi said that he would invest a lot of money into China, so-called not moving one soldier and one pawn to obtain a large number of favorable rights and interests.
And Duan Qirui was exactly the puppet they carefully selected to support. Although Duan Qirui, who wrote in the "Vicissitudes of the Words of Beiyang People", "Borrow money" said at that time, "Who intends to repay these loans, as long as our country becomes strong, we will directly pull them all down with a glare."" However, the impoverished Duan Qirui government still took this huge amount of money and squandered it to expand its army; however, Japan also used this money to continuously entrain, infiltrate into all aspects through various means, and constantly infringe on China's sovereignty. I have to say that this temple Masayoshi is also an old fritter, and in order to realize his ambitions and not be discovered by the Chinese government and not to arouse the suspicion of other foreign powers, he actually went to find Nishihara Kamezo as a personal representative!
Fish and bear paws cannot be combined.
Whether in the eyes of the Chinese side or in the eyes of Duan Qirui, the loan has been unpaid from the beginning. The funds that Duan Qirui received from Nishihara were still relatively real, in contrast, the "Aftermath Loan" signed by Japan to Yuan Shikai and the Five Nations Bank in that year appeared to be short of two pounds, the money did not get much, and the handling fee was a big expense.
The Duan Qirui government, which received financial support, used this huge amount of money to solve the financial crisis, expand the strength of the army, and even build Chinese railways, which played a positive role in the later development and construction of the Chinese revolution and the motherland. However, the most powerful thing was the later Republic of China government, after the fall of the Duan Qirui government, the establishment of the National Government in 1925 made it clear that the foreign debt borrowed by the Beijing government under the bribery of the president was not responsible for repayment, but stopped paying principal and interest.
Yes, it was his Duan Qirui government that borrowed money, what happened to the Government of the Republic of China? It's almost like the line in a CERTAIN TV series' ''You want to arrest Zhou Shuren, what is the matter with me Lu Xun?' Overwhelmed by this sudden change, the Japanese government had to knock out its teeth and swallow blood. At this point, the huge amount of money borrowed was gone. It sounds very "heartwarming", and such a moneyless loan must have been something that Terauchi Masaaki, who had been meticulous in his life, had not expected it!
In terms of Japan's unilateral view, Nishihara borrowed a total of eight loans, namely, the Bank of Communications borrowed twice, 5 million yen once and 20 million yen once; wired telecommunications borrowed 20 million yen; Jihui Railway borrowed 10 million yen; Heilongjiang Jilin Gold Mine Forest borrowed 30 million yen; Manchuria-Mongolia Fourth Railway borrowed 20 million yen; Shandong Jishun and Xugao'er railway borrowed 20 million yen; and participated in the war borrowed 20 million yen. Total 145 million yen. At that time, these sums of money were separately infiltrated into the various articles and regulations signed with the Chinese government, which gave Japan all kinds of conveniences for future invasion of China, so Japan, which seemed to have been deceived and itched, actually did not take advantage.
It's just that these rights and interests are often more profound and not discovered by the people of the country at that time, but in the end they have become the fatal wounds of future wars. This is also where Masato Terauchi is proud: the political and economic privileges that Japan has seized through this loan are "more than ten times more than twenty-one". Duan Qirui's government sold a series of Chinese sovereignty through nishihara loans, such as the construction of railways, deforestation and mining in the entire northeast, laying hidden dangers for Japan's subsequent full-scale occupation of northeast China.
In the eyes of posterity who are not afraid of things when watching the hilarity, Duan Qirui played a good chess game, played the Japanese around, and fished 140 million in vain.
However, we carefully analyzed the subsequent changes in relations between the two countries, and the minister Safen LiSada, who was later sent by Japan to collect debts, was forced to commit suicide by Chiang Kai-shek, and an uproar was set off in Japan first; the Era of Taisho, which was originally friendly to China, soon passed, and the dishonesty and laissez-faire attitude of the Beiyang Government and the Nationalist Government also aroused hatred in the minds of the Japanese people.
It can be seen from this that this good play jointly starring the Duan government and the National Government should also be dialectically judged, whether it is worth it or not, whether it is right or wrong, and whether it is right or wrong still needs to be carefully considered and recalled.