In 2011, after the examination of Qing historians across the country, it was unanimously confirmed that more than 230 households and more than 1,000 villagers surnamed Wu in Majiazhai Village, Cenggong County, under the jurisdiction of Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture in Guizhou Province, were descendants of Wu Sangui, one of the Hanchen kings who set off the San Fan Rebellion during the Kangxi Period.
According to historical records, after Wu Sangui was quelled in the San Francisco Rebellion, all the people in the gate were killed by Kangxi's orders, why did he still have descendants today, and did he have a fish that slipped through the net? In fact, when Kangxi destroyed the Wu Sangui Nine Tribes, there was not only a fish that slipped through the net, but to be precise, some people escaped from the net, so who were the descendants of Wu Sangui who slipped through the net?
Wu Sangui rushed to the crown in anger and surrendered to Qing for the sake of red face, and then rebelled against Qing, setting off the Rebellion of San Francisco
Wu Sangui was originally a ming dynasty general, who was responsible for helping the Ming Dynasty to resist the Manchu Qing outside Guanwai, but unfortunately, the Ming Dynasty was not destroyed by the Qing Dynasty, but was first attacked by the peasant rebel army led by Li Zicheng, the king of Chuang, and in the seventeenth year of Ming Chongzhen (1644), Li Zicheng led the peasant rebel army to conquer the city of Beijing, and the late Ming Emperor Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian martyred himself at Jingshan.
Chongzhen martyred the country, so that Wu Sangui suddenly lost his master. Wu Sangui accepted Chongzhen's holy will to lead the elite Ming Dynasty troop Guanning Iron horse outside Guan to enter the King of Jingqin, and as a result, Wu Sangui had just marched to Yutian in Tangshan and received news of Chongzhen's martyrdom, and Wu Sangui had to lead Guanning Iron Horse to retreat to Shanhaiguan.
Don't look at Wu Sangui at shanhaiguan at that time in shanhaiguan with the most elite border army of the Ming Dynasty Guanning iron horse, but he was in a very bad situation at that time, short of food and short pay, he was just a helpless strategy to watch the situation at Shanhaiguan for a while.
Soon Li Zicheng decided to surrender Wu Sangui, promising that wu Sangui would surrender and immediately send grain and money to Wu Sangui to solve the urgent need, Li Zicheng's surrender made Wu Sangui waver, and he was ready to decide to surrender to Li Zicheng.
However, a woman changed Wu Sangui's decision, and this person was Wu Sangui's concubine Chen Yuanyuan, a famous prostitute of the generation. It turned out that Wu Sangui's family in Beijing ran to Shanhaiguan to tell Wu Sangui about Li Zicheng's behavior in Beijing, and Li Zicheng's general Liu Zongmin tortured Wu Sangui's father Wu Xiang, liu Zongmin ordered Wu Xiang to hand over 200,000 taels of silver to sponsor the military salary, and Wu Xiang's family lost only 50,000 taels, far less than 200,000, and at the same time Wu Sangui's concubine Chen Yuanyuan was still occupied by Liu Zongmin.
This news made Wu Sangui very angry, the old father was robbed, the concubine was humiliated, and no man could bear this anger, so Wu Sangui decided not to surrender to Li Zicheng again, and he secretly contacted the regent of the Qing Dynasty, Dolgun. Therefore, in the Battle of Shanhaiguan, Wu Sangui and the Manchu Eight Banner Army defeated Li Zicheng's peasant rebel army, and Li Zicheng was forced to abandon Beijing.
Wu Sangui's father Wu Xiang and the Wu clan in Beijing were all killed by the angry Li Zicheng, but fortunately Chen Yuanyuan took advantage of the chaos to escape Liu Zongmin's military camp and returned to Wu Sangui's side, experiencing tragic changes in his home country, and wu Sangui became more attached to Chen Yuanyuan from then on.
Thanks to Wu Sangui's help, the Qing Dynasty was also able to smoothly enter the Central Plains to unify the whole country and become a unified dynasty. After that, Wu Sangui did his best to be loyal to the Qing Dynasty and help the Qing Dynasty to unify China in the southern conquest of the Northern War, and later Wu Sangui personally led his troops to invade Burma in order to show loyalty to the Qing Dynasty, forcing the Burmese king Mangbai to hand over zhu Youluo, the yongli emperor of the late Southern Ming Dynasty who fled to Burma to hide, and finally Wu Sangui personally hanged Zhu Youluo, and wu Sangui won the recognition and trust of the Qing Dynasty, and was named the King of Pingxi and guarded Yunnan.
After becoming the King of Pingxi, Wu Sangui gradually had his own ambitions, hoping to obtain a charter from the Qing Dynasty, and he could defend Yunnan for generations like the Mu Wangfu of the Ming Dynasty.
Of course, the Qing Dynasty did not allow the emergence of a different-surnamed king who had been guarding the local area for generations, so the contradiction between Wu Sangui and the central Qing Dynasty after Wu Sangui became the king of Pingxi in Yunnan became deeper and deeper, especially after the death of Shunzhi and his son Kangxi succeeded to the throne, Wu Sangui had become a hidden danger at the end of the Qing Dynasty.
After Kangxi's pro-government, he weakened Wu Sangui's power several times, which made Wu Sangui more and more dissatisfied with the Qing Dynasty, and in the twelfth year of Kangxi (1673), shang kexi, the king of Pingnan who was guarding Guangdong, wrote to Kangxi to ask Kangxi to return to his hometown and return to his hometown of Liaodong, and Kangxi was overjoyed and happily approved Shangkexi's request.
Based on this, Kangxi made the decision to withdraw the domain, and Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong, the king of Jingnan who was guarding Fujian, were very worried about their own removal, so the two colluded to take the initiative to ask Kangxi to withdraw the domain, in order to test Kangxi's attitude towards the withdrawal of the domain.
Kangxi directly approved Wu Sangui and Geng Jingzhong's request to withdraw the domain, which suddenly made Wu Sangui very embarrassed, after all, he did not expect that Kangxi would not even politely persuade himself to do it, and directly let him withdraw the domain, at the same time Kangxi also sent a minister from the capital to supervise the withdrawal of the domain.
Therefore, wu Sangui, without perfect preparations, had to contact Geng Jingzhong in Fujian to rebel against the Qing Dynasty, and killed Zhu Guozhi, the inspector of Yunnan sent by Kangxi to supervise the withdrawal of the domain, and later Wu Sangui instigated Shang Kexi's son Shang Zhixin in Guangdong to imprison his father Shang Kexi to rebel against the Qing, and Wu Sangui set off the famous San Francisco Rebellion during the Kangxi period.
During the period of rebellion against the Qing Dynasty, Wu Sangui shamelessly played the slogan of "anti-Qing and restoration", but the people of the world did not buy it, because everyone in the world knew that Wu Sangui, in order to show loyalty to the Qing Dynasty, strangled zhu Youluo, the Yongli Emperor of the Southern Ming Dynasty, so Wu Sangui's slogan of "anti-Qing and restoration" did not get much support from the former Ming relics.
Although Wu Sangui did not have the support of the people of the world, the soldiers and horses of San Francisco were all strong troops who had experienced hundreds of battles, so in the early days of the San Francisco Rebellion, Wu Sangui led the army to fight the Qing army and retreated.
However, after entering the seventeenth year of Kangxi (1678), the situation changed, Kangxi in order to quell the rebellion of San Francisco, mobilized almost all available Eight Banners Army, which once led to the emptiness of the defense of the capital, and finally under the strong offensive of the Eight Banner Army, Geng Jingzhong and the monk Zhixin were successively beaten and surrendered, and although Wu Sangui was still supporting, it was already the end of the crossbow.
Wu Sangui already knew that it was difficult for him to turn the tables again, so in March of this year, Wu Sangui decided to give up the previous slogan of "anti-Qing and restoration", and he no longer hung up the title of the great marshal of the terracotta army in the world, and he wanted to be called emperor and live an emperor addiction. Therefore, Wu Sangui set up an altar in Hengshan to worship the heavens, officially ascended the throne as emperor, and built the capital Hengyang, with the national name of Great Zhou.
After the defeat of Wu Sangui's regime, what was the fate of Wu Sangui's descendants?
After Wu Sangui became emperor, he needed to be crown prince, but Wu Sangui's eldest sons at that time were only Wu Yingxiong and Wu Yingqi, the rest were young sons, and the eldest son Wu Yingxiong hired and married Princess Jianning, the daughter of Emperor Taiji, after which Wu Yingxiong remained in the capital as a donkey, and after Wu Sangui rebelled, Kangxi immediately ordered someone to capture and kill Wu Yingxiong and his eldest son Wu Shilin.
Wu Sangui's second son Wu Yingqi was passed on to his elder brother Wu Sanfeng in his early years, and according to the etiquette, Wu Yingqi was no longer a member of Wu Sangui's lineage, and Wu Yingqi was arrogant and arrogant, and he was at odds with many of Wu Sangui's generals.
Therefore, Wu Sangui could not establish the eldest son Wu Yingxiong and the eldest grandson Wu Shilin as heirs, nor could he establish the second son Wu Yingqi, and in the end he could only choose Wu Yingxiong's second son Wu Shipan as the emperor's grandson.
More than five months after Wu Sangui became emperor, he suffered from stroke and dysentery, and Wu Sangui knew that time was short, so he began to arrange the aftermath. According to the situation at that time, the collapse of Wu Sangui's regime was only a matter of time, and Wu Sangui also clearly realized this, and Wu Sangui's greatest fear was that after the rebellion failed, his descendants would be wiped out.
Therefore, Wu Sangui pleaded with his righteous son and confidant Ma Bao to protect the safety of the descendants of the Wu family during his illness, and at the same time wrote a letter to Wu Yingqi, the second son of Zhen Shouyueyang, instructing Wu Yingqi to assist his nephew Wu Shipan well and protect Wu Shipan as much as possible.
Shortly after explaining this, Wu Sangui became seriously ill and died. Wu Sangui's grandson Wu Shifan was still in Kunming, Yunnan, so after Wu Sangui's death, the Hengyang side elected Wu Sangui's confidant Wu Guogui to preside over affairs, and Wu Guogui advocated that there be no mourning, and then took Wu Shifan to Hengyang, abandoned Yunnan and pushed north, and continued to open up new base areas.
However, Wu Shipan's assistant to stay in Kunming was Wu Sangui's son-in-law Guo Zhuangtu, who opposed the abandonment of Yunnan, and Guo Zhuangtu's idea was to manipulate Wu Shipan himself, so Guo Zhuangtu married his daughter to Wu Shipan, and then urged Wu Shipan not to abandon Kunming and go to Hengyang, but could move to Guiyang, where he ascended the throne and claimed the throne and welcomed Wu Sangui's body. After that, Wu Shipan followed Guo Zhuangtu's advice and ascended the throne in Guiyang, and Wu Sangui's body was temporarily placed in Guiyang.
In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679), Wu Yingqi was defeated at Yueyang, Wu Guogui was killed in Hengyang, and Hunan was basically retaken by the imperial court, Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao had to lead the remnants to escort the Wu Sangui people to retreat to Guiyang, while Wu Shifan retreated to Kunming.
Soon after, in the twentieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1681), the Qing Suiyuan general Cai Yurong led an army to besiege Kunming, Guo Zhuangtu led his army to defeat the Qing army, and when the city of Kunming was destroyed, Guo Zhuangtu committed suicide with Wu Shipan, and more than 6,700 wu troops under Kunming surrendered.
After Wu Shifan committed suicide, it also marked the complete collapse of Wu Sangui's regime, and after the reconquest of Kunming, Kangxi immediately ordered the annihilation of Wu Sangui's nine tribes, and Wu Sangui's clan in Kunming was almost killed.
However, Wu Sangui's granddaughter seduced the Suiyuan general Cai Yurong, and eventually became Cai Yurong's concubine, through Cai Yurong's relationship, sheltered many of Wu Sangui's descendants, and soon after Cai Yurong's private acceptance of Wu Sangui's granddaughter as a concubine was denounced, Kangxi was furious, and immediately ordered the death of Wu Sangui's granddaughter, and the recovery of Kunming's meritorious Cai Yurong was dismissed, and the whole family was sent to Heilongjiang.
After that, Kangxi issued a strict order to continue to search for Wu Sangui's descendants who were sheltered by Cai Yurong, so some of Wu Sangui's descendants were hunted down and killed, but there were still some descendants of Wu Sangui who changed their names and surnames and ran to hide elsewhere, so these descendants of Wu Sangui were spared, but due to the problem of changing their names and surnames, many of Wu Sangui's descendants did not know that they were related to Wu Sangui.
After Kunming was conquered by the Qing army, Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao, who were guarding Guiyang, also knew that Guiyang would certainly not be able to hold it, so the two of them abandoned Guiyang with Wu Sangui's people and Wu Sangui's body and went to southwest Qianxi to find a place to live in seclusion.
Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao later found a safe place in southwestErn Qian, which is the village of Majiazhai in present-day Cengong County, after being rounded up by the Qing army. At that time, Chen Yuanyuan was also escorted by Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao, in order to avoid the pursuit of the Qing Dynasty, Wu Yingqi, Chen Yuanyuan, and Ma Bao changed their names and surnames due to their relatively large fame, Wu Yingqi changed his name to Wu Qihua, Chen Yuanyuan changed his surname to Nie, and Ma Bao changed his surname to Tan Bao.
Wu Yingqi and his descendants and Ma Bao and his descendants began to spread their branches and leaves, and both of them strictly ordered future generations not to enter the dynasty as officials, and Ma Bao, because of his change of surname, strictly instructed the descendants of the Tan surname not to intermarry with the Ma surname for generations.
In fact, now look at the Majiazhai Village in Cenggong County and the surrounding Miaozhai Village, Dongzhai Village architectural style is completely different, Majiazhai Village is a typical Central Plains Han architectural style, and the layout of the village contains the Nine Palaces Bagua Array arrangement, belongs to the strict layout, internal and external connection, the sense of safety precautions is very strong, outsiders in and out of the difficult arrangement, you can understand why there is such a village in the Miao and Dong ethnic settlements, it is because Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao lived in seclusion here.
The reason why Majiazhai Village is called Majiazhai Village is first, to hide people's eyes and ears, and second, to commemorate Ma Bao's grace of escorting and rescue, so Majiazhai Village has appeared called Majiazhai Village, and most of the people in the village are surnamed Wu and Tan.
Wu Sangui's body was also buried in Majiazhai Village, where Chen Yuanyuan later lived in seclusion in Majiazhai Village and died at the age of 72 in the thirty-fourth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1695). When Chen Yuanyuan died, he was sent to death by Wu Yingqi and his son Wu Shilong.
Wu Yingqi was worried that Chen Yuanyuan's fame was too great, so after his death, he did not dare to bury her under his real name, and only wrote on the name of the tombstone "The Tomb Seat of the Former Concubine Wu Men Nie Clan" to bury Chen Yuanyuan as a monument.
The secret of the name of Chen Yuanyuan's tombstone has only been known to the Wu people in Majiazhai Village for hundreds of years, and the generations have been passed down by word of mouth, without writing, and the local Wu people will not call it Nie's tomb, they all call it chen Apo tomb. The Wu clan people have also known for generations that Chen Apo is the famous Chen Yuanyuan in history.
Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Sangui are buried together, Chen Yuanyuan has changed his name and changed his surname to set up a tombstone, then Wu Sangui naturally has to change his name, Wu Sangui's tomb name is "the tomb of Wu Sangui who was raised by the emperor once at the age of eighty-five", this name is very puzzling, according to the modern Wu clan explanation, the so-called "emperor's favor once refers to Wu Sangui's title of emperor once, eighty-five years old refers to Wu Sangui's death on August 15, and Shuofu is Wu Sangui's private name, this title is only known within the Wu clan.
In 2011, through a number of Qing history experts, it was determined that the tomb of Wu Men Nie and Wu Shuofu in Majiazhai Village were the tombs of Chen Yuanyuan and Wu Sangui, who were famous in history, and the Wu clans in Majiazhai Village were all descendants of Wu Sangui.
Write at the end
Therefore, although Kangxi ordered the destruction of wu sangui's nine tribes after quelling the rebellion in San Francisco, there were actually many fish that slipped through the net, first through Wu Sangui's granddaughter Cai Yurong, who missed some of Wu Sangui's descendants, and later Wu Yingqi and Ma Bao escaped from the Qing Dynasty's round-up, and Wu Yingqi's side survived and retreated.
The part of Wu Sangui's descendants who were originally released by Cai Yurong must have changed their names and surnames, and after hundreds of years, naturally no one can know who these people are, but in the end, it can be determined that the descendants of Wu Sangui, who have a name and a surname, are lucky enough to escape and miss it.
In fact, it is quite terrible to think about being related to Wu Sangui, when Wu Sangui and Li Zicheng fought, as a result, even his father Wu Xiang and the Wu clan in Beijing were all killed by Li Zicheng, and then Wu Sangui was more than 60 years old and rebelled against the Qing, and once again a large number of Wu clan members were killed.