Many ancient poems described the repression of talents and the reversal of right and wrong, but because of the subtle and deep characteristics of poetry and the strength of the pen, it was inexhaustible. The sanqu, on the other hand, is full of heartfelt and straightforward expressions, so it often seems not euphemistic enough.
Zhang Yanghao's works often list historical facts first, let readers experience the feelings, and then conclude that this unique method has remedied the shortcomings of the yuanqu's often straightforward and shallow exposure. The following introduces a masterpiece of Zhang Yanghao, the form is not stagnant, the rhythm is changeable, it is worth reading.
Double tone Intoxicated East Wind Reclusive sigh
Yuan Dynasty: Zhang Yanghao
Ban Dingyuan drifted away from Yuguan, and Chu Ling was gaunt and dry.
Li Si has yellow dog sorrow, Lu Ji has Huating sigh,
Zhang Kam's old man came to suffer.
Put a Su Zi Zhan long flow four or five times,
So the credit is lazy!
Ban Chao was a famous general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, who served as the protector of the Western Regions, and made immortal merits in protecting the safety of the people of all ethnic groups in the Western Regions and opening up the Silk Road, and was given the title of Dingyuan Hou. However, because he had been in a foreign land for a long time and was homesick in old age, he was invited to return home, and Shu Zhongyun said: "The subject does not dare to look forward to Jiuquan County, but wishes to be born into the Jade Gate Pass."
The "drifting jade pass" mentioned in the song not only refers to being alone and wandering in a foreign land, but also alludes to the end of the hero and the zero of the cause. Because the rulers of the Han Dynasty were mean and unkind to the border soldiers, they only ordered them to work for their lives, regardless of their personal and family safety.
According to the "Chronicle of Dawan", in the first year of the first year of emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he ordered the general Li Guangli of the light car to attack Dawan and take the famous horse of Dawan for him. The soldiers, hungry and defeated in the offensive, requested a boycott, and Emperor Wu of han was furious and sent emissaries to seal the Jade Gate Pass, "those who dare to enter the army will be beheaded."
Therefore, the Tang Dynasty poet Li Ji once wrote when reflecting on the suffering of the border soldiers: "Wen Yumen is still covered, and he is willing to drive his life away." Every year the bones of the war are buried outside the wilderness, and the empty peach enters the Han family." The "Drifting Jade Pass" mentioned in Zhang Yanghao's song also contains this kind of sigh of a hero who is difficult to return home.
Chu Lingjun, the poet Qu Yuan, was knowledgeable but could not be appointed; he had patriotic aspirations and had nowhere to show it. Caizi was exiled twice by King Huai of Chu and King Xiang of Qing, and finally threw himself into Luo and died.
Before death, he was gaunt in color, and the song depicted his mood and description before throwing water. This "haggard Jianggan" is not only a protest against the ruler who destroyed talents, but also a sympathy and respect for this poet who worries about the country and loves the people.
"Su Zizhan has flowed four or five times", which summarizes the bumpy encounters in Su Shi's life. Su Shi has been repeatedly denigrated, and almost his life has been spent in derogatory denunciation, so the composer said that it was a "long stream". Although the author does not describe Su Shi's talents or express his unfairness in this regard, he can see the author's infinite feelings.
After the author lists the talents who were not appointed, he then lists three historical facts, indicating that even if their talents are temporarily displayed, the end is even more tragic. Li Si was the chancellor of the Qin state, and made great achievements in the process of qin unifying China and governing the world, but was later framed by Zhao Gao and beheaded by Chengyang.
Before he died, Li Si said to his son, "I want to lead the yellow dog with Ruofu, and go out to Cai Men to avoid cunning, how can I get it?" This is what the song calls "Yellow Dog Sorrow", which reflects Li Si's feelings of regret for his political career.
Lu Ji ( Lu Ji ) was a famous writer of the Western Jin Dynasty. When the Western Jin Dynasty destroyed Wu, he invited him to Luoyang as the leader of southeastern literature, where he was greatly favored and later killed for rumors. When he was about to be executed, he once sighed: "Huating Crane, can you smell it again?" This "Huating sigh" also reflects Lu Ji's remorse for going out of politics and his desire for a peaceful life for the recluses.
Zhang Kamzhi (張 Cambodiazhi), also spelled Mengjiang, was once prime minister at the time of Wu Zetian, but was later slandered by Wu Sansi and demoted to Sima of Xinzhou, where he died in anger. The author lists these three historical facts to show that even if one is favored for a while and his talents are exerted, the higher he climbs, the heavier he falls, and the more he regrets it at that time.
The poet listed six historical facts, nothing more than to draw such a conclusion: the career path is sinister, and the intelligent man is either a career path and a lifelong bump, or a flash in the pan, and the ending is even more tragic.
So the author naturally came to the conclusion: "Therefore, it is lazy to work hard." This conclusion is both a high generalization of historical phenomena and the poet's own life experience. It can be said that it reflects the overall view of the Han intellectuals of the Yuan Dynasty on the official rule at that time and the basic attitude of standing in the world.
The rulers of the early Yuan Dynasty attacked Han intellectuals and destroyed culture, and most of the Han intellectuals were "lazy in their merits and reputations." They may either fish in the mountains and forests, pursue idyllic fun, or linger in the Qinglou liquor store, willing to be a book club talent.
The biggest artistic feature of this song is to list a large number of historical facts first, and then draw conclusions. Because the historical facts themselves are extremely convincing, the conclusions are crisp and clean, full of emotion, giving people the feeling of a bell ringing and a thousand hooks.
When the author lists historical facts, they are carefully selected and carefully arranged. They may rule the country, use soldiers like gods, or be brilliant, but their end is "trapped for life, or they die of death."
In terms of performance, there are also various kinds of performance: writing Ban Chao is to write about his life, writing Qu Yuan is to describe his description, writing Li Si and Lu Ji is to remember his dying words, writing Zhang Kamzhi is to point out the ending of his later years, and writing Su Shi is to summarize his life experience. The form is not stagnant, and the rhythm is changed, which better reflects the vivid and lively artistic style of the yuanqu.