Recommend a shameful political theory book after reading --- "Advice for Politics" • Zhang Yanghao

"To enter is to be sincere and loyal, and to be humble and repentant."

"Where the government is happy, it is in line with the people's hearts." What the government throws at is against the will of the people. ”

Recently, after reading the official proverbial classic "Advice for Government" written by the politician Zhang Yanghao of the Yuan Dynasty, I felt a lot after reading it, which made people ashamed and intriguing, and this political treatise was a rich political legacy left by Zhang Yanghao to posterity, and it is indeed worth reading. Of course, in the process of reading, "abandoning" is the basic attitude of reading, and grasping "taking its essence and removing its groove" is a necessary principle.

Those who serve the government must have the heart of "working first", which is the consciousness and foundation that those who serve the government should have. "Advice for Government", also known as "Advice on Three Matters", consists of three parts.

The first part of the "Advice for The Government", "Herdsmen's Advice", was completed when Zhang Yanghao was serving as the commander of Tangyi County.

The book "Herdsmen's Advice" is divided into two volumes and five programs, namely, worship, appointment, hearing, imperial order, Xuanhua, prudent prison, famine relief, chief, generation, and residence and leisure, with a total of ten programs and seventy-two sub-items.

"The ancients praised good deeds, cultivated themselves from the right mind, and even benefited from the top to the bottom, removed the treacherous doubts, and the hidden rule, and all those who could be counties and counties were all bent to their best, and they were simple and easy to do, and they were easy to keep, and the name was "Herdsmen's Advice" (Lin Quansheng, "(Fengxian Advice> Order)."

Zou Congji, who had served as a Chong'an Ling, said, "A certain insensitive, rough official, the power of this book is also." "This book" is the Pastoral Advice.

The second part of the "Advice for The Government", the "Wind And Constitution Advice", was completed when Zhang Yanghao was serving as the inspector of the imperial history.

The "Fengxian Advice" is a volume in one volume, divided into ten programs of self-discipline, teaching, inquiry, according to the line, review, recommendation, correction, right, dying, and the whole section. FengXian is also said to be another name for the supervision of the imperial history, and this book is the first monograph on supervision work so far.

The third part of the "Advice for The Government", "Temple Advice", was completed when Zhang Yanghao was serving as the Senate Zhongshu Province.

The whole book of "Temple Advice" is divided into ten programs: self-cultivation, use of sages, heavy people, long-term consideration, adjustment, resignation, slander, strain, dedication, and retirement. The main admonition is that the "people of the temple" should understand the purpose of being an official, how to govern the country, and never lose themselves in the high-ranking officials and lords.

The three parts of "Advice for Government" were not written at one time, and were originally edited separately and separately.

In the twenty-second year of Ming Hongwu, Guangxi was published in one volume by Huang Shihong of Yangzhou, with the general title "Advice for the Government" and Chen Lian as the preface. (The preface is called "Advice for the Government", and its title is also called "Preface to the Advice of the Three Matters") In the sixth year of Xuande, Li Ji, the prefect of Henan Province, re-engraved and renamed it "Three Matters Advice", although the ancient and modern respects do not conform to the ancient meaning, it is not as good as the name of "for the government", but because of its long history, the convention is customary.

"Outline of the General Catalogue of the Four Libraries": "Yang Hao wrote the "Herdsmen's Advice" when he was the county commander... For the imperial history, he wrote the "Wind Constitution Advice"... When he entered the Chinese book, he wrote "Temple Advice"... His words are all practical and reasonable, not broad-minded. Gai Yanghao paid close attention to the practical government, and wrote about it by those who experienced it. Non-lecturers are high-minded, and those who can sit and speak but cannot rise are also. ”

Ming Zhang Lun's "Essays on Lin Quan" said: "Zhang Wenzhonggong's "Advice on Three Matters" is a good rule for those who are sincere. Judging from its observance of the order, it has the style of keeping the order, the Constitution of The Taiwan Has the Motto of the Taiwan Constitution, and the Prime Minister has the Motto of the Prime Minister. Mellow and clear, the words of the truly virtuous are also. Considering him as a man, he can be loyal to the country, he is just and bright, and he has no deeds that do not live up to his words."

Zhang Yanghao followed The Confucian doctrine, always matched words with deeds, was not only diligent in political affairs, but also good at summarizing political gains and losses. In his long political career, he wrote political papers that were incisive and clearly organized, and played a very positive role in the long river of history.

"Advice for Government" is Zhang Yanghao's thoughts, questions, and teachings on what he has seen, heard, thought, felt, said and done good deeds in his political experience, cultivated himself with a straight heart, tamed people, and handled things. There is both the talent and learning of the state and the world, as well as the wisdom of serving as an official in politics; there is both self-cultivation and self-examination, and there is also the practice of imperial officials to treat the people.

"Advice for Government Affairs" is a sincere exhortation to local officials, supervision officials, and central officials, and represents the main idea of Zhang Yanghao's lifelong advocacy of being honest and honest.

"Advice for Government" is a model for officials to establish themselves as politicians in ancient times, and many laws of governance and self-cultivation must be studied and referenced by officials, and it is one of the most far-reaching political treatises in the works of officials in previous dynasties, and to this day, it still has a profound reference effect in all aspects of politics, economy and life.

After the publication of "Advice for Government", it was widely circulated and was highly favored by successive rulers and officials, conveying a clear and healthy energy.

"Keep a book at home and follow it", which shows how far-reaching the impact of the book is.

Although "Advice for Government" is an ancient reading, the meaning of the words is simple and easy to understand, and the first reader can read comfortably with the translation and understand its meaning.

Zhang Yanghao's political achievements in his life were outstanding, and his articles were equal to his body, and he was famous for his moral and political affairs.

Li Shizhan, a scholar of Hanlin of the same dynasty, praised him: "The righteousness of heaven and earth, the study of the sages and the greatness, the implication of morality, the development of articles, and the promotion of political affairs and deeds, none of them are not the meaning of zhengda."

Zheng Ying, a scholar of the Ming Dynasty, praised him: "For the country and the people, the heart of worry and diligence and encouragement, and it is overflowing between articles and government affairs."

Zhang Yanghao [Yuan Shizu to the seventh year of the Yuan Dynasty (1269) - the second year of the Yuan Wenzong Tianli calendar (1329)], the character Xi Meng, the number Yunzhuang, also known as the Qidong Savage.

A native of Licheng County, Jinan, Shandong, zhang Jiugao, the younger brother of Zhang Jiuling, the famous Tang Dynasty minister, Zhang Jiugao, was a famous composer of the Yuan Dynasty, and also a long poet and political treatise.

In the second year of Emperor Wenzong's reign (1331), the Yuan court posthumously awarded Zhang Yanghao the posthumous title of Duke of Binguo, and Wenzhong of Shaanxi. Later generations honored him as Zhang Wenzhonggong.

In his lifetime, Zhang Yanghao experienced several dynasties of Shizu, Chengzong, Wuzong, Yingzong, Emperor Taiding, and Emperor Wenzong. Young and talented, he excelled in learning and was recommended as Dongping Xuezheng. Li Shi Li Bu, Yu Shi Tai Shu, Prince Literature, Supervision Yu Shi, Guan Hanlin Shu Shu, Right Si Du Shi, Li Bu Shi Lang, Li Bu Shangshu, Zhongshu Provincial Counselor and Governor, etc. Outspoken and outspoken, he was once deposed for writing about current politics. After resigning from the government and returning to hiding, the imperial court could not hire seven. In the second year of the Celestial Calendar (1329), guanzhong was in a drought and was appointed as the governor of Taichung in Shaanxi. In the same year, he died in office at the age of 60.

Zhang Yanghao served as a local and central official from the beginning of his tenure as Yin of Tangyi County, and was one of the few Han Chinese in the Yuan Dynasty who served as an official to the prime minister.

Zhang Yanghao studied Confucianism at an early age, and initially formed the ideas of "people-oriented", "benevolent love", "loyalty to the king", and "helping the people", laying the ideological foundation for his more than thirty years of being a clean and honest official.

In the 23rd year of the Yuan Dynasty (1286), the seventeen-year-old Zhang Yanghao traveled to the Shun Ancestral Hall in Jinan to compose a poem entitled "Passing the Shun Ancestral Temple", which is the first text that can be considered in Zhang Yanghao's poetic works.

In the twenty-fifth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1288), the nineteen-year-old Zhang Yanghao toured the Baiyun Building in Jinan and wrote the "Baiyun Lou Fu" with rich literary feelings, and Shandong made Jiao Sui extremely appreciative, and the talented Zhang Yanghao made an exception and recommended him as Dongping Xuezheng when his studies were not completed.

In the twenty-ninth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1292), the twenty-three-year-old Zhang Yanghao obeyed his father's wishes to go to the capital to ask for a shi, and the pingzhang government at that time was greatly appreciative of Zhang Yanghao's article, and recommended him to do the history of the ceremonial order, and later promoted him to the imperial history.

In the 30th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1293), Zhang Yanghao was recommended by Bu Kumu to be the official of the Imperial Shitai, and Bu Kumu once praised Zhang Yanghao: "This Zhentai Tuanye! ”

In the third year of Yuan Zhen (1297), Zhang Yanghao was appointed as a subordinate of Zhongshu Province.

In the fourth year of Daedeok (1300), Zhang Yanghao's master Bu Kumu died.

In the ninth year of Dade (1305), Zhang Yanghao was selected by Zhongshu Province to appoint Tangyi County Yin as "Chubai Tangyi County Yin".

In the tenth year of Dade (1306), Zhang Yanghao served in Tangyi County, during which time he composed the "Herdsmen's Advice" section of the "Three Matters Advice".

In the eleventh year of Daedeok (1307), he served in Tangyi County, and later took charge of the affairs of Boping County.

In the first year of Emperor Wuzong's reign (1308), after Emperor Wuzong ascended the throne, he made his brother Aiyu Li Bali Bada (later Yuan Renzong) the crown prince, and Zhang Yanghao was summoned by the Eastern Palace to Sijing, but before he arrived, he changed it to Prince Literature, and then he paid homage to Yushi and composed the "Wind Xian Advice" of the "Three Matters Advice" on Yushi ren.

In the third year of the reign (1310), Zhang Yanghao wrote a letter of ten thousand words on the post of supervising the imperial history, which was dedicated to the emperor, directly stating the "ten harms" of the current government, including too many rewards, too loose punishment, too light lords, too weak taigang, and too prosperous civil engineering, because "all words are straight", the result is that "those who are in charge of the state cannot tolerate it", first exempted Hanlin from being controlled, and then weaved the charges, reducing him to a commoner and never being reused. Zhang Yanghao knew that the consequences were serious, so he changed his name and left Dadu.

In the fourth year of the fourth year (1311), Emperor Wuzong died, and Emperor Renzong took the throne, immediately deposing Shangshu Province and a series of previous changes. Emperor Renzong cherished Zhang Yanghao's talents and summoned him to serve as the right secretary of Zhongshu Province, and then served as Hanlin.

In the second year of Emperor Yuanrenzong's reign (1313), Yuan Mingshan moved to Hanlin to serve as a scholar, and Zhang Yanghao replaced Yuan Mingshan with a Bachelor of Hanlin Zhi, and under the active promotion of Zhang Yanghao, Yuan Mingshan, and others, in November of the second year of Huangqing, the imperial court issued an edict to hold an imperial examination in the fourth year of Huangqing (1315).

In the second year of Yanyou (1315), the Yuan Dynasty held the first imperial examination, and Zhang Yanghao presided over it together with Yuan Mingshan and Cheng Jufu as a ceremonial attendant.

In the third year of Yanyou (1316), Zhang Yanghao, as a ceremonial attendant, enlisted ships for the imperial court in Quannan (Quanzhou), traveling all the way to Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Fujian, and his poems were "You West Lake", "You Lingyin Temple", "Passing through Qiantang", "Jianning Daozhong", "Xinghua Daozhong", "Fuzhou", "Quanzhou" and so on.

In the fifth year of Yanyou (1318), Zhang Yanghao was promoted to the position of Shaanxi Xingtai Shushu Shishi , later changed to Right Shi Langzhong , and later served as Rebbe Shangshu , presiding over the imperial examination that year.

In the sixth year of Yanyou (1319), Zhang Yanghao rewarded Houxue as a Rebbe Shangshu.

In the seventh year of Yanyou (1320), Zhang Yanghao was appointed as the Counselor Zhongshu Province, and composed the "Monument to the Sealing of Confucius's Words". In the same year, Emperor Renzong died, and Emperor Renzong's son Shuode Bala, who was the emperor, was emperor yingzong.

In the second year of the reign (1322), Zhang Yanghao was at home worried about filial piety. On February 7, his friend Yuan Mingshan died and composed "The Beginning of the Restoration of the Yuan Dynasty". In March, the minister of Zhongshu Province wrote: "Guoxue is abolished, please order Zhongshu Pingzhang to be honest in government affairs, Zhang Yanghao, the secretary of the Senate, and Lu Chong, the capital of the zhongshu shushu, and other officials to supervise the restoration." Zhang Yanghao did not follow.

In the third year of his reign (1323), Zhang Yanghao continued to worry at home and did not die, and the imperial court called him to a post as an official Shangshu, and Zhang Yanghao resigned due to lack of ability.

In the first year of Taiding (1324), the imperial court summoned Zhang Yanghao to serve in Dadu as the crown prince Zhan Shicheng and also as a secretary of the feast, and Zhang Yanghao was ready to take up his post, and when he arrived in Tongzhou, he was also called sick and resigned.

In the second year of Taiding (1325), the imperial court summoned Zhang Yanghao to the post of envoy from Huaidong Lian, but Zhang Yanghao still did not go.

From the first year of the reign (1321) to the second year of the Celestial Calendar (1329), during the eight years, Zhang Yanghao lived in his hometown of Zhuyunzhuang (present-day Zhang Gong Tomb Village, Tianqiao District, Jinan City), interacted with scholars, literati, and the deceased, collected gold stones, and wrote a number of poems and songs, such as travel inscriptions.

In July of the fifth year of Taiding (1328), Emperor Taiding died and Emperor Wenzong of Yuan took the throne, and in September and October, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan quelled the rebellion of Emperor Yuan Tianshun and others and changed the Yuan calendar.

In the second year of the Celestial Calendar (1329), when the imperial court summoned him to go to the disaster relief for Taichung Cheng in Shaanxi Province, he disregarded his old age and frailty, and immediately "scattered his family's possessions" to board the road, and the starry night rushed to the office, and finally died of overwork.

Zhang Yanghao is one of the representative writers of the Yuan Dynasty Sanqu, and the creation of Sanqu has established his immortal position in the history of Chinese literature. His scattered songs are collected as "Yunzhuang Idle Self-Adaptation Small Music House", referred to as "Yunzhuang Music House", which contains more than 150 of his scattered works.

Zhang Yanghao is not only famous for his scattered songs, but his poetic achievements are also very high, comparable to the "Four Great Masters of YuanShi", and his representative collection of works when he was idle at home, "Guitian Manuscript", has forty volumes, and twenty-four volumes are now preserved, which are included in the "Four Libraries Complete Book". His poems are rich in content, beautiful and mature in language, especially good at writing scenes and lyricism, with a wide range of themes, and have excellent works in the aspects of yongshi jiyou, reflecting real politics, and people's livelihood and suffering.

Zhang Yanghao's prose is also unique and diverse.

Zhang Yanghao also had a collection of words, "Long and Short Sentences in the Rivers and Lakes", but unfortunately it has now been dispersed.

Zhang Yanghao is good at poetry and literature, and is known for his scattered songs. His works include "Advice on Three Matters", "Guitian Draft", "Hillside Sheep Tong Cares for The Ancients" and so on.

East of Qinghe North Road, Tianqiao District, Jinan City, under the west side of the Beiyuan Road viaduct, near Liuyun Community, there is a quiet place, there is a circular earthen tomb with a diameter of about 10 meters in depth, that is, Zhang Yanghao's tomb, the archway at the entrance of the cemetery has four big characters of "Water Moon Pine Wind", there is a piece of Linshi in the park, several stone steles, pine cypress verdant, miscellaneous trees and wild grasses.