Tip: All of this is the effectiveness of emperor Wudi's strategy of breaking the right arm of the Xiongnu in that year, and also changed the national integration route on the map of China, so that the mountains in northern China became unforgettable history, clear and clear, and vivid. In addition to the Yinshan Mountains and the Altay Mountains, there should also be Hetao, Juyan, Jiuquan, Cheshi and Wusun to ensure its existence.
If we look at the map of China's mountain ranges, we can find that the Daxing'an Mountains, the Yinshan Mountains, and the Altay Mountains have drawn a roughly outlined arc in the north, and this arc line is also the fusion line between the Central Plains and the ethnic minorities in the north in the past. The Tianshan Mountains divide Xinjiang into two basins, north and south, but the Tianshan Mountains are actually not marked on the map today, in the north of the Hexi Corridor or the opposite side of the Qilian Mountains, there are Ma Mane Mountain, Heli Mountain, Longshou Mountain, etc., all located in the northern part of the Hexi Corridor, all belonging to the Tianshan Yumai and Part of the North Mountain of the Hexi Corridor, but only the Mane Mountain is called "North Mountain".
The north mountain of the remnants of the Tianshan Mountains, together with the Qilian Mountains, commonly known as the South Mountain, "sandwiched" out of the strategically important Hexi Corridor, as long as this corridor is "pushed forward", it is the Southern Xinjiang Basin of Xinjiang sandwiched between the Tianshan Mountains and the Argin Mountains and the Kunlun Mountains. As a result, the basins of southern and northern Xinjiang and the Hexi Corridor of Xinjiang became important ethnic integration areas in northwest China. The map is left-east-right-west, so it can also be said that it is part of "Right China", and when Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty broke the right arm of the Xiongnu, it was from these places.
Zhangye in the Hexi Corridor is a very interesting place name, it is Zhang China's arm, it is said to be a rare verb city name in China, after Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty cut off the right arm of the Xiongnu, he also let China's arm be open here, if you look at the basins of southern Xinjiang and northern Xinjiang at this time, it is more like the two fists on the arm of China. However, historically, how did Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty break the right arm of the Xiongnu and let his arm stick out from here? Now, let's talk about it.
The Yinshan Mountains were the birthplace of the Xiongnu Moton, who for the first time unified the northern steppe and established a large and powerful Xiongnu Empire. At that time, the Xiongnu would always cross the Yin Mountains and harass the Central Plains, and the Central Plains would beat them back, and after a while, they would soon reappear. Where does it appear? In the Loop, of course. In order to fight against the Xiongnu, King Wuling of Zhao of the Zhao State built the Great Wall to Gao Que Sai in the Hetao area, and there was a famous story of Hufu riding and shooting in history; the famous general Meng Tian of the Qin Shi Huang period also started from the Hetao region and connected and built the Great Wall of China. Because the Huns always grow and appear in the Hetao area, history gives people the feeling that the Huns seem to have originated in the Hetao region, but the truth is not.
At the end of the Zhao Great Wall at the site of Gao Que Sai, the gap between Ula Mountain and Wolf Mountain is opposite the Jilu Plug built by the Han Dynasty, and in the past, the Xiongnu crossed the Yin Mountain from these two fortresses to the Hetao area. Gao Que Sai was sandwiched between Dabatu Yinsumu in the west of present-day Houqihu and Wendur Town (Qingshan Town) in Wulat, Inner Mongolia, sandwiched on the cliffs of the terrace of Dabatu Ditch on the east side and Chagan Ditch on the west side. Jilu Sai was located in the northwest of Dengkou County (Bayangol) in the western part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and at the south mouth of the Halonge Nai Gorge in the southwest section of wolf mountain. The canyon runs through the north and south of YangShan (present-day Wolf Mountain), and the valley floor is flat. These canyons guarded by Gao Que Sai and Ji Lu Sai were the great passages of the Huns to the Hetao area.
Therefore, in the Han-Xiongnu War, it would generally start from here, occupying the Chicken Deer Plug and defending the Wolf Mountain (that is, the Gobi Altai Mountains on the Mongolian side of the present-day China-Mongolia border). Located in the Gobi Altai Mountains on the Mongolian side not far from the present-day China-Mongolia border. It runs in a northeast-southwest direction, with a length of about 370 kilometers and an average altitude of 1500 to 2200 meters. The main peak, Huhe Bashige, is located in the southwest of Urat Houqi, at an altitude of 2364 meters, and is also the highest peak in the Yinshan Mountains and Inner Mongolia. The southern side is bordered by cliffs in the Hetao Plain, the northern side has a gentle slope, gradually transitioning to the Bayannaoer Plateau, and the western end is submerged in the bembatai Desert, the Amalek Desert and other deserts), which is the beginning of the right arm of the Xiongnu.
After completing the first step, advance westward from wolf mountains and arrive at Ejina, the westernmost part of the present-day Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. This area belonged to Wusun during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, the Qin Dynasty was the territory of the Great Moon Clan, and in the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, it was the pastoral land of the Xiongnu. Historically, people called it Juyan, which was an ancient military town in northwest China. "Juyan" is a Xiongnu language, the same as today's Mongolian "Qiyan", meaning "hidden", in the second year of the Western Han Dynasty (121 BC), the hussar general Huo went ill and entered Juyan hexi, and the Han Dynasty built a barrier in Juyan, set up a yudu wei, etc., at that time, from the Zhangye River (Heihe) by boat to Juyanhai.
Juyan's geographical location is actually a huge gap between the Tianshan Yumai Ma mane Mountain and the Heli Mountain, and holding here is the second step in breaking the right arm of the Xiongnu, because the Xiongnu in the past in the north of the desert would climb over the mountain and follow the Heihe River into the Hexi Corridor. Juyan is also the Great Wall, that is, Juyansai. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, he sent his widow Lu Bode to build the Great Wall on Juyanze, and the remains were distributed north of present-day Ejina Banner Jinstu nao and along the Ejina River and in Jinta County, Gansu Province.
When the Han Dynasty built Juyansai on Juyanze, it met Guanglusai in the northeast of Juyanhai, extended southwest to encircle the north and northwest of Juyanhai, and then turned southwest, along the middle reaches of the Ejina River into the territory of Jiuquan County, connecting with the east-west Han Great Wall. Guanglu Sai is the Great Wall of Hanwai in present-day Bayannaoer, which was built by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty when he sent Guanglu Xun Xu to build the Wuyuan Commandery, and the ruins are distributed in the territory of present-day Guyang County, Urat Zhongqi and Wulat Houqi.
In this way, the Han Dynasty completed the first and second steps of breaking the xiongnu's right arm, linking Juyansai and Guanglusai together. In Juyan, the famous pass is The Shoulder Water Jinguan, located on the east bank of the Heihe River, 152 kilometers northeast of Jinta County, and 7 kilometers away from Dongdawan City. It is the throat of the Han Dynasty Fengsai Guancheng, which was the throat of the traffic in and out of Hexi and north and south at that time, named Jinguan, which contains the meaning of "solid as gold". The site is surrounded by the Gobi Desert, with sporadic soil suitable for cultivation and very few drought-tolerant plants. However, the Han Dynasty also built Diwan City here, with a square side length of more than twenty meters, a wall height of about eight meters, only a door opened on the west side, and there were traces of a dock courtyard outside, which should be the headquarters of the garrison of Shoulder Water Jinguan.
Shoulder Water Jinguan and Yumen Pass and Yangguan are one of the three important passes set up by the Western Han in the Hexi Corridor, from here further west is Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, And Emperor Wu of han built the Great Wall to Lop Nur outside of Yumen Pass and Yang Pass, which basically completed the third step of breaking the right arm of the Xiongnu. At this time, looking at the road between the Central Plains and the Western Regions, it is basically open, and because of the barrier of the Tianshan Mountains in the north of the Southern Xinjiang Basin of Xinjiang, the roads from the Western Regions to Central Asia and beyond have become avenues for cultural exchanges and commodity trade in the first-line guarantee of Hetao, Juyan and Jiuquan (Dunhuang).
In the third year of the first month (102 BC), the Han expedition to Dawan was victorious, and since then "the Western Regions were terrified, and all envoys were sent to contribute" (Book of Han, Tales of the Western Regions). The Han Dynasty set up a traffic booth station between Dunhuang and Yanze (present-day Lop Nur), and also set up envoys and lieutenants in Tuntian at Luntai (southeast of present-day Luntai, Xinjiang) and Quli (present-day Korla, Xinjiang) to protect the communication channels between Han and the western states, and the area south of the Tianshan Mountains was under Han control. Although the Xiongnu were still entrenched north of the Tianshan Mountains, they could no longer "settle down" themselves. However, at this time, it is also wrong to say that the broken right arm of the Xiongnu has been completed, and everything is auspicious.
The Emissary Lieutenant was the predecessor of the Western Regions Capital Protector. The emissary lieutenant was set up by Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty in the Western Han Dynasty in the Western Regions (Xiyu was the Han Dynasty's collective name for present-day Xinjiang and the areas west of it), directly subordinate to the imperial court, representing the imperial court to handle the affairs of the Western Regions, and concurrently Si Tun Tian, and tun Tian Colonel was subordinate to Dunhuang County, in charge of Tun Tian. Later, he became the highest military and political commander of the Western Regions, and his full name was the Lieutenant of the Envoys of the Western Regions. With this setup at the same time, the Han Dynasty soon discovered that even if the roads in the western region were guaranteed by the Hetao, Juyan, and Jiuquan (Dunhuang) lines, they would still be threatened, and this threatening force came from present-day Turpan, and the Xiongnu could cross the Alta Mountains (mainly from the present-day North Pagoda Mountain) from the north to the west of the desert, to the area of present-day Qitai and Jimsar, through the Turpan region, and into the southern Xinjiang Basin.
This place in Turpan used to be called a car master, which was an important passage to open up the western region, and its strategic position was extremely important. Both the Xiongnu and the Han Dynasty wanted to control the Cheshi state in their own hands, and in the 40 years from the third year of the Han Wu Emperor Yuanfeng to the second year of the Han Xuan Emperor's Festival, the Han Dynasty and the Xiongnu launched a repeated competition here, known in history as the "Five Contending Cheshi Divisions", and finally ended with the victory of the Han Dynasty. In the middle of this process, when Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty did not hesitate to marry the princess of the Han Dynasty to the Wusun people who occupied the northern Xinjiang region at that time, he even sent Zhang Qian here to make peace, in order to achieve the purpose of jointly cutting off the right arm of the Xiongnu with Wusun. The fact is also that Wusun eventually played the role of Zhang Qian's first mission to the Western Regions to unite with the Yue clan, and later fell to the side of the Han Dynasty and became a vassal state of the Han Dynasty.
At this time, looking at Emperor Wu of Han's original broken xiongnu right arm, it was clear that his right arm was completely cut off from the Yin Mountains to the northernmost end of mount Altaï, and only then was it really broken. Emperor Wu of Han did not fully achieve this, and it was not fully achieved until the later Emperor Xuan of Han. The Huns, who had their arms cut off, could only enter the historical Kangju from the northernmost tip of the Altaë Mountains and merge with the peoples there.
In 36 BC, The Han Western Regions Protector Gan Yanshou and The Vice Lieutenant Chen Tang defeated Zhi Zhidan yu kangju (about between present-day Lake Balkhash and the Aral Sea), creating a famous saying that was very encouraging to Chinese: Those who commit crimes against the strong Han will be punished from afar. Later, it was seen that in 91 AD (the ninth year of the Yong Dynasty), the Northern Xiongnu were defeated by the Eastern Han Dynasty and moved west again to Kangju to join the remnants of Zhi Zhidanyu. Under the impact of the wave of westward migration of the Northern Xiongnu, Kangju was forced to move south to the Sogdiana region (in the Zelafshan River valley between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers, in present-day Uzbekistan).
All of this is the effectiveness of emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty's strategy of breaking the right arm of the Xiongnu, and also changed the national integration route on the map of China, so that the mountains in northern China have become unforgettable history, clear and clear, and vivid. In addition to the Yinshan Mountains and the Altay Mountains, there should also be Hetao, Juyan, Jiuquan, Cheshi and Wusun to ensure its existence.
The pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!
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