Chiang Kai-shek has two major characteristics of violence: he is accustomed to using assassination to exclude dissidents, and advocating the use of force to solve problems.
It is precisely for this reason that during the world-renowned negotiations in Chongqing, many peace-loving people were worried.
First, they were skeptical of Chiang Kai-shek's gesture of peace to the outside world, and second, they were worried about the safety of the members of the CPC delegation, especially the chairman.
In this regard, the Chairman behaved very calmly and calmly.
First of all, is Chiang Kai-shek a true peace or a fake peace?
The Chair's attitude was: subjectively optimistic, objectively active, but with reservations;
Second, will Chiang Kai-shek carry out assassinations and is it possible to detain THE CCP negotiators?
The Chairman's prejudgment on this issue is that this may exist, but it depends on the conditions and the direction of the situation.
The "conditions and trend of the situation" mentioned by the chairman not only analyzes the strength of both sides, analyzes Chiang Kai-shek's past actions, but also pays attention to the dynamic changes of the current situation.
For example, during the critical phase of the Chongqing negotiations, the chairman paid special attention to the success or failure of a battle.
Chiang Kai-shek's attention to battlefield battles is definitely no less than that of his negotiating opponents.
This campaign, which attracted the common attention of the leaders of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, was the "Shangdang Campaign."
Some people may ask, aren't the KMT and the CPC negotiating peace in Chongqing, and who started a battle "at the risk of the world"?
The problem lies with Chiang Kai-shek.
Chiang Kai-shek, who advocated violence, had no intention of peace talks at all, and with a large number of people and sophisticated weapons, Chiang Kai-shek suppressed people with a strong force at the negotiating table while playing "cat greasy" under the negotiating table.
On the shanxi side, Yan Xishan sharpened his knife, and the sky of the Three Jins was covered with dark clouds, and "the mountain rain was about to come and the wind was full of buildings."
In mid-August 1945, Yan Xishan received a secret telegram from Chiang Kai-shek in Taiyuan, Shanxi, and Chiang Kai-shek ordered him to quickly dispatch troops to drive the Chinese Communists out of Shanxi.
On August 14 and August 20, Chiang Kai-shek sent "invitation telegrams" to Yan'an one after another, inviting the chairman to Chongqing to discuss the grand plan for peaceful nation-building.
While singing the high tone of "peace", he dispatched troops and swords and soldiers in an attempt to "strike first to be strong" and put his opponent to death.
This is what Chiang Kai-shek called "sincerity for peace"!
The Shanxi Tu Emperor Yan Xishan had always regarded the Land of the Three Jins as his own, and Chiang Kai-shek's orders were in line with Yan Xishan's intentions.
Therefore, Yan Xishan issued an order to Shi Zebo, the commander of the 19th Army, and ordered him to personally lead 17,000 men and horses to attack the southeastern Jin region.
Shi Zebo quickly occupied Xiangyuan and Lucheng, and his army led 3 divisions to garrison Changzhi, while the rest of the troops were responsible for garrisoning Xiangyuan, Changzi and other counties.
Shi Zebo's attempt was to rely on this and further expand the entire southeastern Jin Dynasty.
Most of these places were retaken by the Eighth Route Army from the hands of the Japanese puppet army, and in order to retake these towns, the Eighth Route Army paid a considerable price.
In order to defend the fruits of victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Central Military Commission ordered the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region to resolutely annihilate the invading enemies in the Shangdang area.
Liu and Deng, the chiefs of the Jinji-Hebei Luyu Military Region, soon found Shi Zebo's "death pit"—the lone army was deep and the garrison was scattered.
Liu and Deng decided to gather 30,000 troops to clear the outskirts of Changzhi one by one, lure Shi Zebo's main force out of Changzhi City, annihilate them in the movement, and finally recover Changzhi.
In order to fight the Shangdang campaign well, Chiefs Liu and Deng immediately began intensive pre-war preparations.
In terms of political propaganda, Liu and Deng stressed one key point: winning the shangdang campaign and supporting the Chongqing negotiations!
At that time, the commanders and fighters of our army already knew about the chairman's going to Chongqing for negotiations, and they all sweated for the safety of the chairman.
Chiefs Liu and Deng issued targeted orders: The better we fight, the safer the chairman will be!
A simple sentence greatly stimulated the sense of mission and honor of the commanders and fighters, and the combat morale of the commanders and fighters instantly rose to the highest point.
On September 10, our army's self-defense counterattack against the Kuomintang invasion - the Shangdang Campaign was officially launched.
By the 19th, our army had successively conquered Xiangyuan, Changzi, Tunliu, Lucheng, Huguan and other places, annihilating more than 7,000 Kuomintang troops.
From September 20, our army began to encircle the enemy of Changzhi.
Liu and Deng ordered their troops to launch a three-sided attack on Changzhicheng, deliberately leaving Beiguan behind, with the idea of forcing Shi Zebo to go north, and then annihilating it in the movement.
Unexpectedly, Shi Zebo held the city and refused to take the bait, while the reinforcement sent by Yan Xishan, Peng Yubin, deputy commander-in-chief of the Kuomintang 7th Army, had already led his troops to Changzhi.
Liu and Deng decided decisively: siege the city to help!
By October 5, more than 20,000 soldiers and horses of Peng Yubin's army were in a desperate situation.
Our reinforcements used tactical means such as tracking pursuit, parallel pursuit, transcendent pursuit, and interspersed division to annihilate the enemy reinforcements, and Peng Yubin was killed.
Seeing that reinforcements were hopeless, Shi Zebo hurriedly sneaked out of Changzhi on the night of October 8 and fled west to Linfen.
Our Taiyue column quickly attacked, and two days later, it intercepted Shi Zebo's troops, and after several hours of fierce fighting, completely annihilated the enemy, and Shi Zebo became a prisoner of our army.
At this point, the Shangdang Campaign was victoriously concluded.
The Shangdang Campaign was the first large-scale military conflict between the Kuomintang and the Communists after the end of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, and it was also a surprise attack arranged by Chiang Kai-shek during the peace talks.
When the news reached Chongqing, the reaction of both camps was very large.
Comrades who had been paying attention to the progress of the Shangdang campaign at the site of the CPC negotiating delegation breathed a long sigh of relief, and then clapped and celebrated, rejoicing;
On the Kuomintang side, the Kuomintang generals who were the main fighters hung their heads in frustration, while Chiang Kai-shek "closed the door and thanked guests" and did not want to see anyone for a whole day...
Obviously, our army's great victory in the "Shangdang Campaign" was like a slap in the face to Chiang Kai-shek, who was hurt and knocked unconscious.
The victory in the "Shangdang Campaign" increased the weight of our side in the negotiations and effectively cooperated with the Chongqing negotiations.
While singing the high-pitched "peace" chant, Chiang Kai-shek was playing catty under the negotiating table and engaging in peace-destroying activities, with the result that the soldiers were damaged and humiliated;
Yan Xishan", who "stole chickens without eroding the rice", suddenly damaged eleven divisions.
Chiang Kai-shek has always pretended to be deaf and dumb about the Kuomintang's act of not believing in its words, provoking incidents first, and undermining peace.
Even in the face of facts, Chiang Kai-shek would "talk about him left and right" and choose to avoid the topic.
However, their negotiators must face the reproach of the CCP negotiators, who have no choice but to hide.
Facts speak louder than words, and in the face of irrefutable facts, the Kuomintang negotiators can no longer justify their "peace" arguments.
At the negotiating table, they had to change the subject frequently, and when there was really no way to avoid it, they could only smile in embarrassment, shake their heads and sigh.
In the following stage, the aggressive momentum of the Kuomintang side was clearly reduced.
It can be said that the "Double Tenth Agreement" was successfully signed in the end, and our negotiators were safe and sound, all of which are inseparable from the victory of the "Shangdang Campaign."
The "Shangdang Campaign" also proved the Chairman's prediction with facts: "Peace will not come without dealing a great blow to the reactionaries who dare to attack the Liberated Areas." ”
However, Chiang Kai-shek did not learn his lesson, let alone keep his promises.
After the signing of the "Double Tenth Agreement," Chiang Kai-shek continued to make "small moves," repeatedly creating friction, and finally simply tearing up the peace agreement and making a big fuss against the Chinese communist army.
However, the "Shangdang Campaign" made people see clearly the true face behind Chiang Kai-shek's "fake peace talks" mask, and a wave of anti-civil war was set off all over the country.
Among the "anti-civil war" groups were many senior Kuomintang officers.
In October 1945, during the Battle of Handan, General Gao Shuxun, deputy commander of the Kuomintang 11th Theater and commander of the New Eighth Army, led a battlefield uprising.
This was the first large-scale anti-civil war uprising within the Kuomintang army before the outbreak of a full-scale civil war.
In this regard, Commander-in-Chief Zhu made such an incisive speech: "I believe that the Gao Shuxun movement will inevitably achieve greater development in the future. ”
The chairman even called on our army to extensively carry out the "Gao Shuxun Movement."
"One stone stirs up a thousand heavy waves", under the vigorous propaganda of our army and the strong military pressure, countless Kuomintang generals followed the example of General Gao Shuxun and stood on the side of the people.
As a result, there were successive second and third Handan uprisings, and such a good drama continued until the Kuomintang was completely defeated.
During the Liberation War, through the "Gao Shuxun Movement," the number of Kuomintang troops who revolted, surrendered, accepted reorganization, and were captured by our army reached a staggering 6.36 million.
Because of the "Shangdang Campaign," the Kuomintang negotiators were extremely embarrassed at the negotiating table and became a laughingstock.
Because of the "shangdang campaign," our side turned passivity into initiative at the negotiating table and became a beautiful talk.
The "Shangdang Campaign" has thus been recorded in history.