Tips: A large number of ivory excavated from Sanxingdui is also "domestic goods", in 1973, the Yellow River ancient elephant fossil in Banqiao Township, Heshui County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, about 200-250 million years ago, is one of the important achievements of Chinese paleontological excavations, and is also a precious material for people to understand the paleogeography and paleoclimate of Gansu. The elephants in the ancient Yellow River Basin were called "Yellow River Elephants", our country is not as some people think, there are no elephants, and chess is not from India as one writer said. In addition, the stunning gold mask that Sanxingdui netizens have attracted much discussion also seems to have some kind of correlation with the large number of gold jewelry found in the ancestral tombs of Qin Shi Huang.
In the past few days, Sanxingdui has become a hot topic of discussion. But it is difficult to understand that although archaeologists have repeatedly emphasized that the Sanxingdui civilization is one of the sources of Chinese civilization, and the Sanxingdui cultural relics are authentic "domestic goods", some netizens are still because of the strange and strange appearance of the Sanxingdui cultural relics, and are still advocating that the Sanxingdui civilization comes from an alien planet and is created by aliens. It's ridiculous. What cannot but be said is that now, there are always some people who want to turn anything into entertainment, full of moths, and their words are not shocking and dead, but also lamentable.
In the excavation of Sanxingdui, I paid special attention to the Jade Chun excavated from Pit 4, although as soon as it was excavated, it was escorted by cultural security personnel to the emergency protection room for inorganic cultural relics, and the source of culture has not yet been determined, but the CCTV live broadcast line said that this is the "encounter" between Liangzhu Yuqun and Sanxingdui for thousands of years, and the two cultural relics are connected to the two Yangtze River Basin civilizations that are geographically separated by thousands of miles.
I think of the Jade Chun excavated from the Jinsha site in Chengdu, which covers an area of about 5 square kilometers, which is the center of ancient civilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River from the 12th century BC to the 7th century BC (about 3200-2600 years ago), the capital of the ancient Shu Kingdom, and another major archaeological discovery in Sichuan after Sanxingdui.
The Jinsha site restores a lost history, reproduces the glory of the ancient Shu kingdom, and together with the prehistoric city site group of the Chengdu Plain, the Sanxingdui site, and the Warring States ship coffin tomb, jointly constructs the four stages of the development and evolution of the ancient Shu civilization, which jointly proves that the Chengdu Plain is the center of the origin of civilization in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, an important organic part of the Chinese civilization, and provides important evidence for the establishment of the theory of "pluralism and integration" of the origin of ancient Chinese civilization.
The Jinsha site has unearthed a Piece of Liangzhu Jade Chun, which is extremely finely carved, with a micro-carved pattern like hair on the surface and a monotheistic emblem, which is a must, and is regarded as the "stepping stone" for Liangzhu culture to enter the Shu capital. In addition, in addition to its own cultural characteristics, the Jade Chun excavated from the Jinsha site also has genes from the Qi family culture in Gansu.
This shows that since ancient times, the Sichuan Basin has not been an iron barrel, nor has it grown and developed in self-isolation, but in those years when people are not very clear and understood, it has carried out extensive and profound cultural and civilization exchanges with the surrounding areas. Although the Yu Chun excavated from Sanxingdui No. 4 Pit has no clear answer at present, it has also explained this point.
Yu Chun is a kind of inner circle and outer square cylindrical jade, which is a kind of ritual vessel used by ancient people to sacrifice gods. From about 5100 to the middle and late Neolithic period, Yu chun appeared in large quantities in the Liangzhu culture, Guangdong Shixia culture, and Shanxi Taosi culture in Jiangsu and Zhejiang, especially the Liangzhu culture of Yu Chun was the most developed, and the number of excavations and transmissions was very large.
Therefore, Yu Chun has become a model artifact of Liangzhu culture, because of its exquisite ornamentation and important historical value, as well as great artistic charm, it has been sought after by jade lovers since ancient times.
There are many opinions in the academic circles on the use of Liangzhu Yuqun, such as "male ancestor theory", "earth mother and female yin theory", "totem pole theory", "ritual saying", etc., but it is generally believed to be related to religious sacrifice and wealth power. In the Warring States "Zhou Li" book, there were sayings such as "Cangbi LiTian" and "Huang Qi Lidi". Zheng Xuan of the Eastern Han Dynasty noted that "Biyuan is like heaven, and Zhen Bafang is like earth". The largest, heaviest and most exquisite piece of Liangzhu Jade Qun that has been discovered is known as the "King of Chun" and is the first of the Neolithic Liangzhu culture. It is now in the zhejiang provincial institute of cultural relics and archaeology.
Although the views on whether Liangzhu Yuchun is related to the place of worship are still under discussion, it must reflect the long history of the motherland and the splendor of culture, and will surely inspire people to further study and explore and solve the mystery of the Liangzhu period.
Sanxingdui is more than a thousand years later than Liangzhu, and the presence of Yu Chun in this place is a testimony to the theory of "pluralism and unity" at the origin of ancient Chinese civilization.
Qijia culture is a late Neolithic culture centered on Gansu, and has entered the stage of combined use of copper and stone, its name comes from its main site, Qijiaping Site in Guanghe County, Gansu, which is an important early Bronze Age archaeological culture distributed in the Hexi Corridor area.
Qijia culture is about 4,000 years old, mainly distributed in the east and west of Gansu to Zhangye, Qinghai Lake area of nearly a thousand kilometers from east to west, spanning Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and other four provinces and regions, laying the foundation for the later development of bronze culture.
Qijia culture originates from majiayao culture and Changshan lower culture, and Majiayao culture and Changshan lower culture are both developed from the Yangshao culture temple bottom ditch type.
With the continuous deepening of research, Qijia culture has become one of the important research objects to explore the formation and early development of Chinese civilization, and its influence at home and abroad is expanding day by day.
A small piece of jade has been unearthed at the Jinsha site, which experts believe comes from the Qi family culture and illustrates the civilization and cultural exchanges between Sichuan and Gansu since ancient times.
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I have introduced a lot in previous articles, in the junction of present-day Sichuan, Gansu and Qinghai, there are many ancient roads, on today's map, people can still see the dense railways and highways from northwest Sichuan to Gansu Longnan and Gannan, these railways and highways lead directly to Lanzhou, Xining, Hexi Corridor and farther and farther, they are in the form of modern civilization to witness the exchange and integration of ancient civilizations, which really shows that the Sichuan Basin is not a closed space.
In the summer of 1984, geologists of a geological team of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry accidentally found a skull fossil thrown in the field when surveying the geological soil layer of Wushan County, and in 1987, the cultural relics workers in Wushan County found another skull fossil 1.2 meters away from the place where the skull fossil was found, and the two skull fossils were successively tested by Lanzhou University Carbon 14, both aged 38,000 years, a man and a woman, known as "Wushan people", 20,000 years earlier than the peak cave people who were also late Homo sapiens.
People call these two skull fossils the legendary ancestors Fuxi and Nüwa, the latest archaeological discoveries in Gansu Dadiwan show that since 60,000 years ago, the primitive ancestors have flourished and passed on the torch in this land of Gansu, and the prehistoric sites in Wushan are in the same line with the Dadiwan culture.
The Shilingxia site in Chengguan Town, Wushan County, Gansu Province, was first discovered in 1947 as a transitional cultural layer under the Majiayao type strata of the Majiayao culture and above the Yangshao cultural Miaodigou strata. Its basic appearance is close to that of the Majiayao type, and at the same time, some factors are obviously similar to the Miaodigou type. Thus it is proved that the Majiayao type was indeed developed from the Miaodigou type of Yangshao culture.
The latest fieldwork shows that there are a large number of remnants of human activities in Wushan. From 38,000 years ago when there were "Wushan people" to the present, human beings have left a large number of traces of activity here, with an average of two or three pieces of painted pottery per square meter in the fields, cultural accumulation layers as thick as one meter in some places, and a large number of ash layer ash pits.
The excavation of the skull fossil of "Wushan man" has provided new physical evidence for the history of ancient civilization in the Yellow River Basin, and also opened up a broad space for studying the evolution and reproduction of humans in the Weihe River Basin.
In 2000, researchers at the University of Texas at Houston, after analyzing the Y genome of The Sino-Tibetan language population, believed that the ancient population living in the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River 10,000 years ago developed the earliest Neolithic culture in East Asia, and they were the ancestors of the modern Sino-Tibetan population. This view was published in the international academic journal Nature.
In addition, combined with genetics, linguistics, archaeology and other evidence, fudan university school of life sciences and other scientific research units confirmed that the Sino-Tibetan language family, including Chinese, originated in the Yellow River Basin of northern China about 4000-6000 years ago, confirming the previous "northern origin hypothesis" of Jin Li, a famous human geneticist and evolutionary geneticist and professor at Fudan University in China, which was also published in Nature in 2019.
All this shows that the western ancient Qiang people are likely to originate in the Tianshui area. According to the archaeological report of "Shizhao Village and Xishanping" (China Encyclopedia Publishing House, April 1999), the Tianshui Dadiwan culture is the birthplace of the ancestral center of Yangshao culture, and the cultural accumulation layer is complete and orderly, and it has not been interrupted for more than 8,000 years.
The ruins of Shizhao Village are Neolithic sites located in Shizhao Village, Taijing Township, Tianshui City. Located 1 km north of Gejia Xinzhuang Village, Taijing Township, Qincheng District, Tianshui City, Xishanping Ruins is a large-scale residential site in the early Yangshao culture.
The two sites are well-preserved and excavated prehistoric settlement sites located in the upper reaches of the WeiHe River, with thick cultural layers, many ruins and rich relics. Its cultural connotation includes many cultural relics of the prehistoric period, including the first phase of Dadiwan culture, the first phase of Shizhao Village (new cultural remains), the second phase (Banpo type), the third phase (Miaodigou type), the fourth period (Shilingxia type), the fifth period (Majiayao type), the sixth period (new cultural relics) and the seventh period (Qi family culture), as well as the tombs of the Western Zhou, Qin, Han and Sui and Tang dynasties. In the two sites not far apart, the discovery of so many ancient cultural relics and tombs from different periods is the first time in China's archaeological excavations.
Jiang Weicheng is located in Wenchuan County, Weizhou Town, Nangou ancient cultural site, because of the commemoration of Jiang Wei before his death personally led a large army to Wenshan to quell the chaos, so named. The site covers an area of 2. 5 square kilometers, underground cultural relics and ground remains are abundant.
In the 1920s and 1930s, Jiang Weicheng unearthed about 30 pieces of restorable pottery and more than 50 pieces of faience pottery pieces, dating from 5,000 to 7,000 years ago, providing new physical materials for the study of the ancient history of the upper reaches of the Minjiang River.
The faience pottery unearthed by Jiang Weicheng is related to the Majiayao faience culture in the northwest region to a large extent, whether it is from the pottery, pottery color, ornamental theme or pottery production and firing technology, but due to regional factors, there are cultural factors differences with Majiayao faience pottery.
Wenchuan is located in the west of Chengdu and belongs to the western Sichuan Plateau. Jiang Weicheng's pottery proves that for a long time in ancient times, this place was relatively peaceful and an important residential settlement, where people multiplied and formed a thick cultural accumulation. This also shows that as early as the prehistoric era, a branch of the ancient Qiang people in Gansu and Qinghai at that time came to the western Sichuan Plateau and multiplied with the local indigenous people.
A large number of pottery has been excavated from the Sanxingdui site, including the No. 1 pit and no. 2 pit found before, and there are also some pottery seen in the No. 4 pit today, although these pottery, although not as glorious as bronze and jade, still shows people a picture of the daily life of the ancient Shu ancestors, showing the rich imagination and creativity of the ancient craftsmen, and of course has an inevitable cultural connection with the pottery excavated in Gansu.
A large number of ivory excavated from Sanxingdui are also "domestic goods". In 1973, the yellow river ancient elephant fossils in Banqiao Township, Heshui County, Qingyang City, Gansu Province, about 2 million to 2.5 million years ago, are one of the important achievements of Chinese paleontological excavations, and are also valuable materials for people to understand the paleogeography and paleoclimate of Gansu.
The elephants in the ancient Yellow River Basin were called "Yellow River Elephants", our country is not as some people think, there are no elephants, and chess is not from India as one writer said.
In addition, the stunning gold mask that Sanxingdui netizens have attracted much discussion also seems to have some kind of correlation with the large number of gold jewelry found in the ancestral tombs of Qin Shi Huang.
Because of this, it can no longer be said that the Sanxingdui civilization comes from an alien planet, which is a very disrespectful joke for our 5,000-year-old civilization, not a joke, it is too uncultured.
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