In 2012, vietnamese writer Pham Yue Tao (martyr' family, whose brother was killed in the 7.12 counterattack) fought in 1984 at Lao Shan (known to the Vietnamese side as 1509 Highland), interviewed Pei Nile, then deputy commander and chief of staff of the 313rd Division of the Vietnamese Army. So we were directly attacked in the first battle. ”
Pei Nile's remarks proved from the opponent's point of view that the PEOPLE's Liberation Army's pull-out operation in the Lao Shan area achieved the suddenness of the battle and caught the Vietnamese army off guard. An important factor in being able to surprise the enemy is that various camouflage measures have been correctly adopted, thus ensuring that the troops can secretly engage the enemy and launch an offensive.
Make the most of local weather conditions. The Old Hill area is usually foggy until 10 o'clock in the morning. In order to ensure the covert advance of the troops, the military affairs department dispatched personnel to set up an advance adjustment command group, set up adjustment posts at intersections on exposed areas, and made full use of the cover of thick fog to organize and command troops and vehicles to advance. All units (detachments) in the march will use passwords to coordinate their command and maintain radio silence.
After the troops arrived at the attacking departure area, they immediately carried out evacuation and concealment, and the movement of personnel was strictly prohibited. These measures have been a powerful guarantee for troops and vehicles to enter the configuration position in secret. According to intelligence, the report of the Vietnamese troops stationed at Lao Shan on April 27 to their superiors was still: "There is no abnormal movement of the infantry of the Chinese army." ”
Strictly control the lights and sound. There are very few roads in the Laoshan area, and vehicles can only be arranged on the road almost one after another, which can easily expose the target. Therefore, when organizing the vehicle to drive in at night, paste the headlights with thin mud, remove the brake lights, and lead the way in front of the car by personnel wearing white shirts. When the troops passed through the settlement, they contacted the village in advance, kept the dogs in place, and tied the dogs' mouths with ropes and cotton cloths to prevent the dogs from barking. For civil tools, water bottles, weapons, etc. that are easy to make noise, old cloth and straw are also tied to prevent collisions.
Maintain normal life and work order. During the preparation of the troops for the offensive, the artillery maintained uninterrupted firing. Although most of the personnel, machinery and vehicles of the engineer units that previously built the mangun to Laoshan to build a military road have been evacuated from the operation area, a small number of personnel and machinery have been left behind, and the sound of explosions and machinery for road construction operations has been emitted. From the junction city to the bow of the ship, the road from Xinzhai to Mengdong still maintains the same flow of people and vehicles.
The masses in all villages and villages maintain normal production and living order. The appearance of the barracks of the units remained unchanged. For example, the people of Tianbao Farm actively assisted the troops in cooking on time in the field area, turning on the lights and turning off the lights, and the pigs and cattle raised on the farm and other livestock were not withdrawn to safety until the eve of the battle.
Set up false positions reasonably. In order to improve the survivability of the artillery positions, the troops set up fake artillery positions. Two artillery positions, which were discovered by the Vietnamese observers, chose to withdraw, and in order to mislead the enemy into believing that the artillery positions were still in place, the engineer company set up fake artillery positions on this abandoned position.
Engineer commanders and fighters simulated artillery firing with the sound of group charge explosions and smoke screens on fake artillery positions. At the same time, personnel were also organized to carry out activities disguised as artillerymen around the fake artillery positions. This move effectively confused the enemy, and from April 10 to July 13, it attracted thousands of enemy shells and improved the survivability of artillery positions.
Cleverly camouflage important targets. A 25-ton pontoon bridge erected upstream of the bow bridge has played a great role in the forward transportation and rear delivery. But the pontoon bridge was only 4 kilometers from the Vietnamese front. In order to conceal the target, the sapper detachment carefully analyzed the terrain and vegetation on both sides of the strait. It is believed that the rubber forest on the shore, shrubs, and thatch can be used. Therefore, when constructing access roads, try to protect the surrounding shrubs and thatch. After the pontoon bridge was erected, a vertical barrier of 2.5 meters high was erected on the side facing the enemy, and seven camouflage nets of 36 square meters each were naturally connected to the background of the bushes and grasses on the shore.
In order to prevent the Vietnamese army from carrying out aerial reconnaissance, a large number of yellow straw mats were used to spread on the bridge deck and the trestle part, so that its hue merged with the yellow hue of the river during the rainy season, reducing the prominence of the pontoon bridge. During the operation, the Vietnamese army never knew the exact location of the crossing, and although more than 5,000 shells were fired at the crossing, the pontoon bridge was still not damaged.
It was precisely because of the various camouflage measures taken to effectively conceal the combat attempt that the Chinese 40th Division of the Kunming Military Region of the People's Liberation Army, under the command of the front finger of the 14th Army, took the Vietnamese army by surprise, and from April 28 to May 2, 1984, after continuous combat, in only 5 days, it annihilated the Vietnamese army in the Lao Shan area and recovered more than 60 high ground. The 1st and 2nd Battalions of the 122nd Regiment of the 313th Division of the Vietnamese Army were completely annihilated, and the 3rd Battalion of the 122nd Regiment, the 4th Battalion of the 266th Regiment, the 7th Battalion of the 818th Regiment, the 10th and 11th Battalions of the 457th Artillery Regiment, and the 4th Battalion of the 168th Artillery Brigade were severely damaged.
In this offensive operation, more than 1,320 Vietnamese troops were killed (on April 28, after our army occupied the position as the first-line company of the attack, it was found that a considerable number of Vietnamese troops who were killed by artillery fire did not have time to wear clothes. It took 12 prisoners; destroyed 78 artillery pieces and 4 tanks of various kinds; captured 13 guns of caliber of more than 60 mm; and 105 guns of various kinds (ting); destroyed 61 military facilities such as Vietnamese barracks, oil depots, and ammunition depots, and successfully completed the combat tasks entrusted by the superiors, and was praised by the General Order of the Central Military Commission.
The author is a master of history, a university lecturer, focusing on the history of the Sino-Vietnamese war.
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