It is very necessary to discuss what is the main spin of literature and art, especially the positive tone of Chinese literature and art. Whether China, which is now in a period of great changes unprecedented in a hundred years, can realize the great revival of the far Han and Tang Dynasties, literature, which is known as the foundation of civilization known as the "mother of all literature and art", what kind of genetic genealogy will be revealed to the world, and what kind of appearance will be presented to future generations, is even more crucial.
In 2014, General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out in his speech at the literary and art work forum that since the reform and opening up, China's literary and artistic creation has ushered in a new spring, resulting in a large number of outstanding works of the popular population. At the same time, it cannot be denied that in literary and artistic creation, there are also phenomena of lack of quantity and quality, lack of "plateau" and "peak", problems of plagiarism and imitation, uniformity, and mechanized production and fast-food consumption. On the road from the "plateau" to the "peak", literary and art workers should not ignore the contemporary discovery and modern expression of the main spin of the feelings of home and country. Why?
First of all, from the origin and essence of literature, home and country are the main objects that literature needs to serve. Poetry is the earliest form of expression in literature, and poetry comes from the labor trumpet, which is basically a worldwide consensus. What kind of labor does it take to shout a trumpet? Of course, there are more than three people in a cooperative labor, and the purpose of this labor is either for the sake of the family or for the sake of the country of tens of millions of families. Shouting the trumpet is so that everyone can unite as one and do a better and more efficient job. Listening to the trumpet work, can distract some attention, relieve boredom, and is definitely the value of the second and third shouting trumpets. The arrangement of this value must be in order. The sound of the trumpet shouting and whether it is interesting or not is probably the earliest factor that affected the theme of poetry later. Ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign, a housewife doing housework alone should not shout the trumpet, shouting, her spirit is probably not normal. Therefore, the source and essence of literature cannot be a cup of water in personal encounters. As for the later poems that devote themselves to their own sorrows and joys, it is only a transposition of the orthophonic or a harmony of the main rotation.
Secondly, from the perspective of the emergence of literary genres and the emergence of each genre from its emergence to its maturity, home and country are the most important objects of description.
The earliest emergence and development of eastern and western literary genres should be epic. In the West, and especially in Europe, it is Homer's epic. In China, it is the Tibetan "Biography of King Gesar" and the Mongolian "Jianger". What they all have in common is that they are all reciting the great deeds of the heroes of their own clan in some ancient times. These early epics, in addition to shaping the image of Shuoxiong, generally have to show the appearance and situation of the era in which the hero lived.
Drama is a new literary genre that develops to a certain extent in epic poetry and reappears. The task of this genre is to represent the life situation of the heroes or the great people in the common memory of the hero or the population in the prescribed time and space. Because epic poems are generally too long, it is difficult to see them from beginning to end or listen to the narrators.
The genre of novels, especially long novels, is a new literary genre created after the awakening of human self-consciousness and the gradual development of science and technology, in order to express the life conditions of people in the times. From its inception to its gradual maturity, this literary genre also has its own rules, the most important of which is to depict the main characters and at the same time depict the main body of the era in which the author lives.
By the way, from the appearance point of view, the genre development of Han Chinese literature is very different from that of the West, but it is also essentially the same. The Book of Poetry compiled by Confucius and his disciples can actually be seen as an epic poem of Western Zhou Chinese society. Ode, Daya, and Xiaoya are about the major events that have occurred in the country and the princes, and the wind is the diversity of the main style of that era. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Book of Poetry and later Cifu, Tang poems, and Song Ci could all be sung, and individual pieces could even be performed, so they all had some important genre characteristics of Western epics and dramas. The emergence of meta-drama is much later than that of Western drama, but the value and significance of its genre are consistent with Western drama. The emergence, development and maturity of Chinese novels, especially long novels, are basically synchronized with similar genres in the West.
In summary, it is a simple review and combing of literary genres, from which it is not difficult to find that important literary genres are to express important figures and events in the home and the country. After the genre of long novels has basically matured, compared with the large-scale literary genres that appeared before and the films and long-form television dramas that appeared later, they have all been novelized to varying degrees, and these newly emerged art categories are also like long novels, with the expression of major events in the family and the country and the expression of the feelings of the family and the country as the right tone and the main spin. The great affairs of the homeland and the country have remained unchanged by the independence of the nation, the preservation of the territorial integrity of the country, and the people's free and free life; the feelings of the homeland and the country have not changed for the ages, all that have not changed are the praises of the unity of the people, the solemnity of chanting heroes, the repeated appeal for beautiful love, and the careful care of individual dignity. Because no matter whether it is ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign, no matter the color of hair and skin, all human beings living on the earth know that literature and art are always singing the praises of those values and values that human beings should cherish. It is precisely those values and values that distinguish human beings from other animals and make human beings immortal.
Here are some examples. Homer's epic poems "Iliad" and "Odyssey", because they are about the greek alliance and the Trojan tribes fought a decade-long war for the beautiful woman Helen, which has been encountered for eternity, has become the source of Western literature. If Homer had written about his own sorrows and joys, his story would not have even been a legend. Tolstoy is greater than other writers not only because he wrote about the tragic fate of Anna and Maslova, but also because he left a magnificent epic of the Russian nation, War and Peace, for Russia in the first half of the 19th century in the genre of the novel. During the Cold War, Sholokhov was able to transcend the ideological world-class disputes as a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU and chairman of the Writers' Association of the USSR, and won the highest literary award in the Western world, precisely because he left the world with "Quiet Don", the secret history of the cossack nation in the first half of the 20th century. Films such as "Citizen Kane", "Battleship Potemkin", "Schindler's List", and "Saving Private Ryan" can be at the forefront of the world's film classics is also because they all correctly and accurately write about the major events of the home country and the feelings of the family and the country. Du Fu's status in the hearts of posterity is much higher than that of Li Shangyin, whose talent is not below him, because the world he writes is broader, and he has deeper love and compassion for the general public. The value of "Dream of the Red Chamber" is much higher than that of language art, which seems to be no worse than its "Mirror Flower Edge", because of the home and country atmosphere that every line and page of the former can exude. Nearly a hundred years after Lu Xun's death, it is difficult for future generations of writers to look back on it, because the concept of Lu Xun's home-country isomorphism has penetrated deep into the bone marrow, and he is bold, his eyes are like a torch, and his pen is as sharp as a knife, and when the nation needs it most, he has written a shouting, wandering, and bitter country to the fullest.
The value of literature and art is enormous, and its most important task is to help human beings to turn from truth to goodness to beauty, and eventually to become perfect.
The core of Confucius's thought is benevolence, and its aesthetic thought is: poetry can be happy, can be observed, can be grouped, and can be complained. The function of the first three poems is to talk about groups, and the last one is to talk about individuals. Although Confucius affirmed the function of poetry in sending personal anger, the collection of poems of the Western Zhou Dynasty that he presided over and compiled still gave Ya Hesong a very lofty status and divided Ya into large and small; Feng, a poem that writes about small people and small things, contains a lot, but still kindly commented on a sentence of "Zheng Feng is obscene". It can be seen that in the eyes of Confucius, literature and art are divided into positive tones and sounds. These literary and artistic views were probably born from Confucius. Literary and artistic works that do not write about the major affairs of the family and the country and do not express the feelings of the family and the country, I am afraid that they are unable to carry the Tao and cannot express their aspirations, right? Although Cao Pi's description of the role of the article as "the great cause of the country and the grand event of immortality" is somewhat exaggerated, as an emperor, he attaches so much importance to literature and art, which shows the importance of literature and art.
Human literature and art have appeared for thousands of years, and not every period, every country, and every nation has always understood that literature and art have an unchangeable orthophonic spin, so there are also ancient people and modern people who continue to speak out to remind them of this and that. Now it is necessary to discuss the importance of family and country feelings in literature and art. The exquisite egoists who are walking in the literary and art circles have made the positive tone of the feelings of home and country that should have been sung in Chinese literature and art weak for a while.
Li Bai once wrote a poem lamenting: "Daya has not been done for a long time, who is Chen in my decline?" "If the main spin of the right tone is not staged for a long time, the evil song and noise will fill the world, and even the strongest civilization will decline." Earlier than Li Bai, Chen Ziang, who stood alone and wept on the Youzhou platform, also sighed: "The article has been evil for five hundred years!" Long after Li Bai died, Han Yue became more and more retro in writing articles, and Liu Zongyuan immediately responded, which allowed the tradition of Chinese literature and art to continue the tradition of singing the home country. After another two hundred years, Su Dongpo, the most accomplished literary scholar of the Song Dynasty, said two sentences when evaluating Han Yu, one called "The Decline of the Eight Dynasties of Wenqi" and the other "The Drowning of the Dao salvation of the world." The former sentence can often be seen, and the latter sentence is not much mentioned. In fact, if Han Yu hadn't saved the right way of writing thrown into the urine bucket and soaked in the urine pot for hundreds of years, where would he have achieved the decline of the eight generations.
Talking about this past is to prove that as long as Today's Chinese literature and art find the original intention, as long as they do not forget the mission, and sing the right tone and the main melody, after a certain period of time of incubation, there will still be the people and works that the Song people Zhang Zai hoped for. What Zhang Zai hopes is: to establish a heart for heaven and earth, to establish a destiny for the people, to continue to learn from the saints, and to open up peace for all the worlds.