In 1900, Cixi used the Boxer Rebellion, which was "invincible", to attack the foreigners. As a result, the Gengzi State Rebellion was triggered, and the Western powers used this as an excuse to form the Eight-Power Alliance to launch a war of aggression against China. In the face of the foreigners, Cixi, who has always bowed to the knees, unusually and openly declared war on the foreigners. But Cixi fled west with a group of his cronies before the fall of Beijing.
Seeing that she was powerless to return to heaven, Cixi began to do the same thing again, sending Li Hongzhang to seek peace. The eleven state envoys jointly submitted the twelve articles of the "Outline of Peace" to the Qing court, and the Qing government had no choice but to accept them in their entirety, and finally signed the "Xinugu Treaty" with the powers.
In addition to more and more humiliating mourning rights and humiliations abroad, there is also a clause that is to punish the "chief scourge of the ministers"; the Qing government accepted the list of twelve people who were required to be executed by the great powers, namely Zaiyi, Zailan, Zaixun, Yingnian, Zhao Shuqiao, Yuxian, Qixiu, Xu Chengyu, Xu Tong, Gangyi, Li Bingheng, and Dong Fuxiang.
In fact, the Germans originally hoped to include Cixi, but due to the contradictions between the Western powers, Li Hongzhang and others did not agree, so they finally drew Cixi out of the list. So what happened to these twelve?
These twelve people were not ordinary people, all of them were princes and ministers, and they were all powerful figures at that time. Three of the twelve had died before the peace was discussed.
Gang Yi was a soldier and assistant university scholar, who fled west with Cixi and died of illness on the road; Li Bingheng was the governor of Sichuan in the Qing Dynasty and the minister of the Yangtze River Water Division. This was a rare local power faction that entered the Capital Qin King, but after the defeat of the army, he took poison and committed suicide at the age of seventy; Xu Tong was a Scholar of the Qing Dynasty, a theologian, and after the fall of Beijing, Xu Tong, who felt that the general trend had gone, hanged himself.
So in addition to the above three, in fact, only nine need to be "punished".
Zai Yi and Zai Lan are brothers, Zai Yi is the minister of the Prime Minister's State Affairs Yamen and the chief soldier of the Tiger God Battalion of the Janissaries, and Zai Lan's title is Fu Guo Gong, who is the right wing commander of the Janissaries. Whether Lord Zai's title is Fuguo Gong or the tenth Prince Zhuang, the president bans the army at this moment, and the military power is also in the hands of the army. The fate of these two brothers is not bad, but they are assigned, and Jae-hoon ends up committing suicide.
Yingnian was the deputy governor of the Qing Dynasty Andi Hongqi Han Army, the Right Attendant of the Ministry of Works, he fled with Cixi to the west, and under the pressure of foreigners, Yingnian committed suicide in prison.
Zhao Shuqiao was the prime minister of the Qing court, minister of state affairs, quite loved by the people, the Qing court at first gave Zhao a "dismissal and retention" punishment, but under pressure, step by step forced Zhao Shuqiao to the road of death.
Xu Chengyu was the son of Xu Tong, a scholar of the Qing Dynasty, and Qixiu was Rebbe Shangshu, the Minister of Military Aircraft and Prime Minister of State Affairs, and a student of Xu Tong, both of whom were sick and did not escape, and fell into the hands of the Japanese. After the peace talks, the two were beheaded by the imperial court at caishikou.
Yuxian was the governor of Shanxi, who also went to Jingqin, and as a result, he fled with Cixi to the west, but in the end he could not escape and was killed in Lanzhou.
As for Dong Fuxiang, the family was the leader of the Gan Army, and the escort had merit, Cixi really did not want to kill this person, but he could only dismiss him, but Dong Fuxiang eventually lived in seclusion in Tuntian and ended up in the countryside, which was a good ending.