In October 1629, Emperor Taiji led an army around the Mongolian steppe, from Xifengkou Kouguan, all the way to kill and loot, and the soldiers came to the city of Beijing. After causing a shock in the government and the public, Chongzhen ordered Yuan Chonghuan to be taken into custody, which is known in history as the "change of his own body".
First, Yuan Chonghuan was slightly liaodong
First, the Liao people guard the Liao soil and raise the Liao people with the Liao soil; second, the guard is the right thing, the war is strange, and the peace is the side; third, the law is gradually no longer abrupt, and the reality is not virtual. - "Yuan Chonghuan"
(Stills Yuan Chonghuan)
1, put an end to adultery.
Yuan Chonghuan was favored by Chongzhen because of Ning Yuan's great victory, and after the second revival, he became the post of inspector. He was cautious in nature, and this was fully reflected in the Battle of Ningyuan: he had studied Nurhaci's siege in detail, basically using internal traitors to open the city gates from the inside, so when he insisted on Ningyuan City, he specially sent Cheng Wei to put an end to internal traitors.
2, step by step cannibalization.
After the recovery, his strategy for Houjin was: step by step, secretly repairing Dalinghe City, Xiaolinghe City, right Guard Tun Fort, and building Jinzhou. This was a stupid way to fight steadily, and Zeng Guopan used this strategy when he attacked the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in Nanjing. Unfortunately, before the city of Linghe had been built, Emperor Taiji led his troops to launch the Battle of Ningjin, which was a failure.
3, play to the strengths and avoid the weaknesses.
Yuan Chonghuan knew that the Ming army was good at defending the city and weaker than in the field; the entire cavalry of the Later Jin army was good at field warfare and weaker than siege. Therefore, he used his strengths and avoided weaknesses, avoided fighting with the Houjin Field, and only relied on the city wall and artillery and firearms to retreat from the enemy.
Second, the dilemma of Huang Taiji
Emperor Taiji ascended to the throne by unknown means, and when he first ascended the throne, there was a situation of "eight kings ruling together". The strength of Huang Taiji's hands was weak, and his number of positive yellow flags was less than 20 niulu. However, the two red flags of Daishan have 55 cattle records and 61 cattle records of Amin's blue flag, accounting for about a quarter of the cattle records of the later Golden Kingdom, plus 22 cattle records of mangkutai zheng blue flag. In this situation, The Emperor Taiji urgently needed to regain power in order to sit firmly in the Khan's position.
(Huang Tai Chi stills)
After preparation, in 1627, Huang Taiji launched the Battle of Ningjin, and Huang Taiji thought very well. Because this move can kill three birds with one stone: 1, after the transfer of high-level contradictions in gold, it is not uncommon in history to collect military power through war. 2, nominally to avenge Nurhaci, but in fact it is to win the hearts and minds of the military and the people. 3, but also consume the strength of other flag owners.
Unfortunately, the reality is cruel, in order to preserve their strength, the banner lords are not very willing to attack the Ming army, and the Emperor Taiji has to pinch his nose and personally take Azig into battle. Therefore, in the battle, the Emperor Taiji drank and hated Ning Jincheng, and the military power not only could not be recovered, but also folded some of his own horses. Even the defeat of the war greatly damaged its prestige.
Shang (Huang Taiji) wanted to strike at it, and the three baylors all stopped... Guerrillas jueluobai mountain, prepared for the death of the Bashi, on the verge of its mourning, weeping and weeping... In June, he attacked Jinzhou, and in the heat of the day, many soldiers were killed and injured. Gengzi, class teacher. Ding Wei, shang also Shenyang. - "Qing History Manuscript Ji II"
After returning to the Later Jin Dynasty, huang taiji, who stole chickens and did not become eroded rice, was even worse, because of the great famine, there was no money to buy grain to eat, and nearly a million people were in famine, hungry to the point of eating people.
When there was a great famine in the middle of the country, the price of one gold bucket of grain was eight two silver. Among the people are cannibals. At that time, although there were many silver and silver in the country, there was nowhere to trade, and it was expensive to use silver and silver. - "Manchu Old File No. 3"
(The Great Famine)
In this situation, although Huang Taiji tried his best to relieve the disaster, squeezing Korea in the east and attacking and forcing the Mongol tribes to surrender in the west, the spoils of war were still a drop in the bucket for the domestic situation.
The situation forced, in order to alleviate the domestic famine, but also to regain power through war, and then to find the field lost under Ningjin City. After he opened up the Mongolian steppe, it became a matter of course to learn from the Mongols to enter the Kou, because the Mongols often entered the Kou border pass, so the Ming Dynasty set up the Town of Jiubianbing.
Third, Mao Wenlong's leading use
Mao Wenlong founded dongjiang town with 200 troops, which can not be said to be brave, and after opening the town, he often attacked Houjin and received strong support from Yuan Keli, the inspector of Deng Lai. Official positions are also rising. He also continued to collect refugees and fugitives from Liaodong in Dongjiang Town. In order to solve the problem of eating, he did business with The Korean Houjin, and the imperial court also allowed him to act cheaply because he was isolated overseas.
(Mao Wenlong)
Just when the Ming court thought that a famous general was born, three years after the apocalypse, a letter caused controversy among the imperial court, and the superior Yuan Keli was attacked by his subordinate Mao Wenlong and the joint officials, resulting in Yuan Keli being dismissed. Because of this letter, Yuan Keli did not believe it, and he had to verify it first and then report it, and then, he attracted Mao Wenlong's hatred.
The original text: "Records of the Revelation of Heaven" records: "In October of the third year, Xin You (the fourth day of the first year), Mao Wenlongtang, the commander-in-chief of the Pingliao Dynasty, reported that the slaves wanted to invade Yuguan in the west, sent their divisions to cross the river, in order to cut down their plots, secretly placed empty camps, and it was easier to flag, so there were the victories of Manpu and Changcheng, and they were captured with one hundred and thirty-eight slave ranks, four people who were raped, and yi utensils and other items. The slaves' ears and eyes were confused by the sound of the roar, their hands and feet touched the ground cannons, they ran from east to west, the people and horses were hungry, and more than 20,000 people and 30,000 horses were trampled on each other. ”
It is not known whether this is for mao Wenlong's false report or for the sake of dividing up the whole island. Because the King of Korea also confirmed from the side that Mao Wenlong was falsely reporting and paying false wages.
Details can be found in the "Selected Documents of the Manchu Secret Archives": The King of Joseon has replied to emperor Yun: Mao Wenlong is here to watch and relax, and the army has pinched the number of people who have surrendered, fraudulently received money and grain, and obscured the emperor, which is really a disaster for the rat thieves of our Country. I want to try to send Mao Wenlong; otherwise, I will exhort his men to capture him.
Later, Mao Wenlong repeatedly asked the Ming court for remuneration, which also gave Yuan Chonghuan the right to pay Dongjiang Town. Mao Sui swung his mind to Hou Jin, wanting to hug Hou Jin's thighs. He has written to Hou Jin 7 times. The fourth letter showed Mao Wenlong's desire to divide the territory.
See for details: The exchange of envoys after that must be recognized in detail to ensure that there is no worry. Please take Shanhaiguan, I take Shandong. If you attack from both sides, things will be done. I have no territory, nor do I have jurisdiction. It is hereby heard. ——" Selected Manchu Documents - Mao Wenlong's Letter IV
(Messenger)
Since the fourth letter to the Jin Dynasty, Mao Wenlong's heart has completely entered a state of division. There is nothing left to be done with traction. Why is it said that there is no existence at all, please look at the Manchu's own record:
Yi You, ordered to retain 1,000 Manchurian soldiers, 2,000 Mongol soldiers to defend Yizhou, 300 Manchurian soldiers, and 1,000 Mongol soldiers to defend Zhenjiangcheng. He also told Li Qiangyue: "I will stay in Yizhou to guard against Mao Wenlong'er." - Draft History of the Qing Dynasty - Taizong Benji
Such a small force was left behind in 1626, the 6th year of the Apocalypse, after Amin's victory in attacking Korea. It can be seen that there is no use in the slightest.
Fourth, the Mongolian Belt Road Party
There are three major Mongol tribes, and their sphere of influence is close to Liaodong and Daming, namely Tainingwei, Fuyuwei, and Duoyanwei, collectively known as Duoyan Sanwei. They have always been dependent on the strong to survive, it is the standard wall grass, when the Ming Dynasty is strong, dependent on the Ming Dynasty, when the Ming Dynasty is weak, they will also come to stab the knife, such as the change of Tumu Fort, they will invade Liaodong.
At the end of the Ming Dynasty, when the Jurchens of Liaodong rose, at that time, Duoyan Sanwei was watching the Ming Dynasty and the Jurchens die, and they did not make up their minds to fall to a certain force, but in March of the second year of Chongzhen, the Mongol tribes first had a great famine (after June, the Jin Kingdom also had a great famine), ready to rebel (invade) the Ming Dynasty, and were appeased by Yuan Chonghuan, but they were infinitely close to rebellion.
It was not until Emperor Taiji personally conquered Mongolia that he subdued the Mongolian steppe and began to attack the Ming Dynasty when he was in Qingcheng. At this time, the Mongol tribes, including Duoyan Sanwei, except for the Chahar tribe of Lin Dan Khan, all submitted to Houjin. Became the Leading Party.
In the previous episode, the ministers of Baylor discussed the conquest of Ming and the conquest of Chahar, and all said that Chahar was far away, so zhengming was made. Xin Wei, the qingcheng of the second Karaqin.
—— Draft History of the Qing Dynasty - Benji II
Conclusion: Therefore, the Emperor Taiji detoured through Mongolia was forced by the situation, and had to be, a robber group that relied on robbery, when he encountered a great famine and internal instability, ran out of grain, and had to go to robbery again, Mongolia and Korea that little bit of resources, for millions of people in the Later Jin Dynasty, simply not enough to plug the teeth.
Shanhaiguan was also heavily guarded by Yuan Chonghuan, and Emperor Taiji could only risk detouring through the Mongolian steppe, and even if Mao Wenlong was alive, he could not stop it. Because Mao didn't want to stop it at all. And Huang Taiji had to invade.