Source: CCTV
but and cultural relics conservation work
It is inextricably linked
How the "dirty hands" of the grave robbers are
Reaching out to these artifacts?
And how was it caught?
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A "cowhide"
Thousands of artifacts
Ten years' imprisonment
An "auction"
Six pieces of terracotta figurines
"Baling" is alive
A "Tufuzi" who claims to be one of the best in technology? The braggarted grave robber was caught.
Next to a reservoir in Meishan, Sichuan, there was a series of eerie noises, and the alert villagers soon discovered that the ancient tomb on the mountain had been stolen.
The police dug deep along the line and found a hidden net chain crime behind it. At present, 13 cases have been cracked and 979 cultural relics have been recovered.
Among them, the 2000-year-old sheep's head sheath bronze sword was identified as a national first-class cultural relic.
And all this comes from the original cultural group.
In this group of literary blogs, there is a "post-60s", named Yong Mouzhong, alias "Yong Second Brother".
This "Second Brother Yong" often downloads cultural relics photos from the Internet, boasts to friends that he is the "result" of his tomb robbery, and also claims to be the "tufuzi" (tomb robber) who is "one of the best" in Sichuan Province.
After gaining two fans, He mou and Zhang Mou, he committed crimes one after another for several years and carried out tomb robbery activities in various parts of Sichuan.
In 2020, Yong Mouzhong was sentenced to 10 years in prison and fined for the crime of excavating ancient tombs and reselling cultural relics. He X, Zhang X, Shuai X Hong, and Xie X Kui were also severely punished by the law.
How was the Tomb of Emperor Wen of Han discovered? This began with an auction in the United States in 2002.
In 2002, an auction in the United States pushed the Jiangcun Tomb to Chinese archaeologists for the first time.
Six pieces of Black Pottery figurines of the Western Han Dynasty that were stolen from here appeared on the auction catalogue of Thesby Auction House in the United States and will be auctioned soon.
Through diplomatic channels, my Government has made timely representations.
After many efforts, the six figurines returned to Xi'an in 2003.
Subsequently, the relevant departments investigated the origin of these 6 pottery figurines, and it was finally determined that the tomb robbers excavated them from the ancient tomb in Jiangcun.
In 2006, after determining that the figurines were from the ancient tombs of Gangchon, archaeologists conducted an archaeological survey here.
The results of the exploration surprised the archaeologists, and there was a sub-type tomb with four burial passages hidden here.
So, who is the owner of this tomb?
Further archaeological exploration found that the total length of the east-west tomb passage of the Gangchon Tomb reached 250 meters, which belonged to the top configuration from the perspective of the tomb shape system, surpassing the princess and even the princes.
Archaeologist Jiao Nanfeng: "We have a rule in archaeology, you have to have doubts, when you want to publish your article, you must have a series of evidence.
In fact, the conclusion was clear to everyone at that time, but it was necessary to confirm this through a series of work. ”
On December 14, 2021, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage officially announced that the tomb of Liu Heng, the Emperor of the Han Dynasty, has been discovered, located in the Bailuyuan Jiangcun Tomb in Xi'an, Shaanxi Province.
The tomb of Emperor Wen of Han was discovered,
What historical mysteries are likely to be uncovered?
1. It is possible to improve the imperial image of Emperor Wen of Han
Emperor Wen of Han was a wiser monarch in Chinese history, and historians praised him far more than they criticized him. However, there are many doubts about whether Emperor Wen's succession to the throne is reasonable and legal.
After Gaozu's death, Emperor Hui took the throne; after Emperor Hui's death, Emperor Shao took the throne.
However, after the Shao Emperor, it was not the son of the Shao Emperor who took the throne, but the uncle of the Shao Emperor, Liu Heng (later Emperor Wen of Han), who took the throne.
The Young Emperor was the grandson of Empress Lü and the nephew of Lü Chan and Lü Ze, and belonged to the Lü Party from a political standpoint.
After the Rebellion of Zhu Lü was eliminated, the group of heroes led by Zhou Bo and Chen Ping was afraid that the Young Emperor would turn over the case for lü when he grew up, so they slandered the Young Emperor as not Emperor Hui.
Mr. Lü Simian once pointed out: The Young Emperor was not a son of the Liu clan, but was temporarily said after the destruction of the Lü clan. Because only by saying that he is not a son of liu can we completely deny the legitimacy of his succession to the throne.
Even if the Shao Emperor was to be deposed, according to the ancient Chinese principle of "brother to brother and brother", Liu Jiao, the younger brother of Gaozu Liu Bang, the prince of Chuyuan, and Liu Bang's eldest grandson Liu Xiang of Qi could inherit the throne, especially Liu Xiang, the king of Qi, who had made great contributions in quelling the "Rebellion of Zhulu" and was most qualified to inherit the throne.
Taking a step back, at that time, Liu Chang, the king of Huainan, and Liu Heng, the acting king, were both shu out, so why did Liu Heng finally inherit the throne?
Liu Heng was eventually able to take the throne, and the important reason was that the daiwang's strength was the weakest, and his uncle Bo Zhao was "prudent" and would not become the second "Zhulu".
If the Daiwang enters the Weiyang Palace, then the power group headed by the Daiwang does not have the strength to compete with the Gongchen Group for power, so the Daiwang is ultimately favored by the Gongchen Clique and becomes the Tianzi of the Great Han.
It can be seen that the reason why Liu Heng was able to take the throne was the result of the game of various political forces in the Western Han Dynasty.
Judging from the location of the determined Baling Tombs, Emperor Wen did not bury himself in the original ancestral mausoleum area of Xianyang, did not choose to be buried next to his father Liu Bang, and built the tomb next to the avenue that was convenient for entry and exit, which seemed to have the intention of overlooking the daiguo from afar, so whether he could glimpse his state of mind: first, he had weak feelings for his father Liu Bang, and second, he had a longing for the daiguo, and it also seemed that he had shown to the outside world that he was directly inheriting the unification as the king of the daiguo, and he was not a prince.
2. It is possible to solve the mystery of whether Emperor Wen of Han was buried thinly
The history books record that Emperor Wen saved the people's strength and attached great importance to the people's livelihood, and since he took the throne, he adhered to the style of "thrifty and thrifty", and the history recorded that "the palace court was confined to the dog, the carriage and the carriage ride the royal robe without gaining anything", and the daily life was extremely simple, and the history recorded that he was "often dressed in silk, fortunately Mrs. Prudent, so that the clothes could not be dragged to the ground, and the tents could not be embroidered, so as to show the simplicity and be the first in the world".
Frugality, this is the impression of the Han Wendi by historians in history, and it is also a praise for him.
Emperor Wen of Han was not only frugal during his lifetime, but also practiced frugality after his death.
The "Records of Filial Piety" records that Emperor Wen of Han "ruled the tombs with tiles, not gold, silver, copper and tin as ornaments, and did not rule the graves, but wanted to be a province, and did not bother the people."
Emperor Wen of Han's edict also said that "the Baling Mountains and Rivers should not be changed because of their reasons", which clearly stated that after his death, it was not possible to build a large number of civil engineering and change the Baling Mountains and Rivers.
The thin burial of Baling has been passed down through the ages in the history of funerals, and has also become a model of imperial frugality.
However, the debate has never stopped as to whether Baling really adhered to the principle of thin burial, such as whether it was really only buried with pottery.
Now, with the discovery of the Baling Tomb and the excavation of the burial items in the tomb, we may determine whether Emperor Wen is buried thinly through its rank and number, so as to understand his political personality.
in a word
With the identification of The Baling and the advent of excavated cultural relics
We have a view of the late Western Han Dynasty
The imperial tomb system should have a deeper understanding
On the politics and history of the early Western Han Dynasty
Also when there is a more precise understanding and understanding
Look back at the whole process
Can't help but marvel
Archaeology is a fascinating job
As in 2018 it was then
Dean of the School of Archaeology and Archaeology at Peking University
Teacher Sun Qingwei said:
"Archaeology is like a drop of water in the sun,
Reflecting the splendor of the five thousand years of Chinese civilization,
It is also full of outstanding sons and daughters of China
The arduous search for the glory of civilization and national self-reliance. ”