The Great Tomb of Bailuyuan Jiangcun in Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, was identified as the tomb of Emperor Wen of Han, and the latest archaeological discoveries corrected the thousand-year-old fallacy (CCTV News, 2021-12-14). At this time, people can't help but ask, why was the Tomb of emperor Wen of Han not determined until today, more than two thousand years later? In this regard, some people think that this is the use of an advanced anti-theft technology, which is somewhat ridiculous, the basis of the tomb is actually not half a cent related to anti-theft technology. What does that have to do with it? Let's take it slowly.
Emperor Liu Heng of the Han Dynasty, 203 BC - 157 BC, was the third emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, after he ascended the throne, he made great efforts to govern, build water conservancy, strictly practice frugality and simplicity, abolish corporal punishment, achieve national prosperity, the people are well-off, and open the beginning of the "rule of Wenjing". At the same time, he was cautious about the problems of the excessive power of the princely states and the invasion of the Central Plains by the Xiongnu: he treated the princes with virtue and adopted the attitude of subduing the people with virtue and calming the chaos with force; he treated the Xiongnu by means of peace and pro-war, creating a political situation of stability, unity, and living and working in peace and contentment. A rare good emperor in Chinese history.
The location of Baling is actually recorded in the historical records, "Three Auxiliary Yellow Maps" is an ancient geographical book in China, specializing in the construction of the Qin and Han capitals, and the Han capital Chang'an is the main one, "Three Auxiliaries" is the three county-level political districts established by the Han Dynasty in the Gyeonggi region near the capital Chang'an: Jing Zhaoyin, Zuo Fengyi, Right Fufeng, and "Yellow Map" refers to Kifu, Kyoto. The "Three Auxiliary Yellow Maps" not only occupies an important position in the history of the development of Chinese geography, but also has unparalleled historical value for the study of Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, and Xianyang, the capital of Qin. It is said that Baling "is seventy miles east of Chang'an City, because the mountain is hidden, there is no grave", that is to say, Baling is "hidden" under the mountain, and there is no grave.
Seventy miles east of Chang'an City was only a rough number, and because there were no graves in the mountains, and the secrecy work was done well at that time, people did not know where Baling was. However, there is no doubt that the seventy miles east of Chang'an City are in the White Deer Plain, so people only know that the Baling is on the White Deer Plain, but they don't know where it is in the White Deer Plain. In order to keep it secret, the emperor's mausoleum was not marked in detail in the past library materials, which made people even more confused about where the Baling was, although the Baling was named because of its proximity to the Bahe River, but it was still unclear the exact location.
Where an emperor's tomb went is a question of wonder at the time, in the past, or in the present. The reality is because the Chinese people choose cemeteries to talk about feng shui, let alone the emperor, so when they can't find it, the feng shui master will go on the field, when they see the white deer plain that looks like a phoenix flying, there is a high place that is just located in the mouth of the phoenix, which is called "phoenix mouth", and this is the best choice for the emperor's mausoleum, so this place called "phoenix mouth" was later circled by people as a tomb. This place is in the northeast corner of Bailuyuan, in present-day Baqiao District, Xiwang Street, Maoyaoyuan Village.
The reason is very simple here, the kiln village is regarded as a baling, but the baling is not actually there, so the real baling has been preserved. Now, you can imagine this thousand-year-old fallacy, I don't know how many tomb robbers have worked hard in history, it is obvious that they cannot dig up a tomb in a place where there is no tomb. This is probably the main reason why Baling has not been determined until today. So, what is the reason for secondary necessity? We attribute it to the character of Liu Heng, emperor of the Han Dynasty.
There is such a saying in Shaanxi: "Jiangnan Caizi Northern General, Xianyang Buried the Emperor." According to statistics, there are 28 emperors sleeping on the Xianyang Yuan, and nine of the eleven emperors of the Western Han Dynasty are buried on the Xianyang Yuan on the north bank of the Wei River. They were: Changling (Liu Bang of Han Gaozu), An Ling (Liu Ying, Emperor Hui of Han), Yangling (Liu Qi, Emperor Jing of Han), Maoling (Liu Che of Han Dynasty), Pingling (Liu Fuling of Emperor Liu Fu of Han Zhao), Weiling (Liu Yi of Han Yuan), Yanling (Liu Xiao of Hancheng), Yiling (Liu Xin, Emperor of Han), and Kangling (Liu Yan of Hanping). So many emperors were buried in XianyangYuan, why did Liu Heng go to Bailuyuan? This has to start with Liu Heng's mother, Bo Ji.
Aerial panoramic view of BalingLing District
Bo Ji was a native of present-day Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, and a concubine of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao. Her father, Bo Shi, had an affair with Wei Mi, the daughter of the former Wei clan of the State of Wei, during the Qin Dynasty and gave birth to her. At the end of qin, various places rebelled against Qin, and Wei Bao established herself as the king of Wei, and her mother Wei Mi sent her to the palace of the King of Wei. Wei Bao initially followed Liu Bang in attacking Xiang Yu, but later betrayed Liu Bang, Liu Bang sent Cao Shan and others to attack Wei, captured Wei Bao, and changed the state of Wei to a county, and she was sent to the palace to weave cloth. After Wei Bao's death, Liu Bang once came to the weaving workshop, saw that she was very beautiful, and took her into the harem and became Liu Bang's concubine.
The later thing was this: Liu Bang once slept with Bo Ji, and Bo Ji said, "Last night I dreamed that there was a dragon coiled on my stomach. Liu Bang said, "This is an auspicious omen for the eminent nobility, and I will facilitate this matter for you." Because of Liu Bang's "facilitation", Bo Ji became pregnant and gave birth to a son Liu Heng in 202 BC. In 180 BC, Lü Hou died, and the ministers discussed the establishment of a successor emperor, and because they hated the powerful power of their foreign relative Lü Shi, they all praised Liu Hengren for his charity, so they made Liu Heng emperor, and Bo Ji was later honored as empress. When the empress dowager Bo Ji faced a big problem, that is, the problem of where to be buried after death, in the long mausoleum of Liu Bang, the ancestor of Han Gao, accompanied by Empress Lü, Bo Ji wanted to be buried with Liu Bang, which meant that her "empress" status was demoted, and she could only be in the name of Liu Bang's concubine, which of course Bo Ji was unwilling. Therefore, this makes Liu Heng have to think of a way for his mother's "where to go".
As we all know, Liu Heng was a very filial piety, and when he was in power, the chancellor Yuan Ang once mentioned: "When His Majesty lived in the dynasty, the empress dowager tasted illness, and for three years, His Majesty did not give eyelashes, did not untie clothes, and the soup medicine was not tasted by His Majesty's mouth." Later, this story became the "taste of soup medicine" in the Twenty-Four Filial Pieties. Liu Heng thought of a way to find a "place to go" for his mother Bo Ji outside the ancestral mausoleum, which led to Bo Ji's later burial in The White Deer Plain. The power of filial piety and character is revealed here, and Liu Heng did not do so without basis, he emulated the "old practice of the previous dynasty", learning from Qin Zhaoxiang Wang Yingji and his mother. That is to say, in order not to let his mother's status as empress dowager be demoted, he chose his mother to leave the Zuling District together and bury Bailuyuan, choosing to accompany his mother after his death.
Today, there are many theories about Liu Heng and his mother Bo Ji buried in Bailuyuan, and some people even talk about this problem from the perspective of military geography, saying that Bailuyuan is east of Chang'an, condescending, and is a place where soldiers and families must fight. But we can think about it, people are dead, is there still a need to talk about this? Liu Heng and his mother Bo Ji are buried together because of his filial piety, as for the reason for choosing bailuyuan, it can actually be as simple as two words: feng shui. And this is also the inevitable choice of tomb. This is one of them.
Archaeological site
The second is character. As we all know, Liu Heng, the Emperor of Han Wen, was known for his frugal style and cherishing the people's strength. A representative example is that he wanted to build a terrace, but when he thought of spending a hundred gold, he said: "The property of the ten families of the people in the hundred gold, I serve the palace of the former emperor, and I am often afraid of shame, why should I take the platform!" So I gave up. In addition, he often wore soap clothes, and ordered his beloved Lady Shen not to drag the clothes to the ground, and not to embroider the tents, so as to set an example for the people of the world. Later, Emperor Wu of Han asked Dongfang Shuo about the method of indoctrination, and Dongfang Shuo mentioned that Emperor Wen, as the son of heaven and ruled the four seas, wore black coarse clothes, feet made of raw leather shoes, tied swords with belts, took Wanpu as the seat, did not rule weapons, had no ornaments, collected the cloth bags used in the book, and embellished them into official curtains, with morality and benevolence as the norm. Therefore, frugality has become the norm throughout the country, and indoctrination has been greatly promoted.
You can think about it, what valuable items can such a person bring to the cemetery after death? The fact is also that his mausoleums are decorated with clay ware, not gold, silver, copper and tin. Without gold and silver treasures, there will be no tomb thieves to remember, this should be a common sense, should see, if the mausoleum is full of gold and silver treasures, even if it is not in the "phoenix mouth", it will soon be found by the stolen tomb thieves on the White Deer Plain. Apparently, the frugal character of the flash has largely contributed to the "hiding" of the tomb underground for more than two thousand years, which has nothing to do with the legendary "anti-theft technology".
Excavated artifacts
So, how was Baling discovered and determined? This also has to be "thanks" to the grave robbers. This we make a long story short, about ten years ago, China's 6 pieces of national treasure cultural relics pottery figurines were lost in foreign auctions, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage spent a lot of effort to withdraw these 6 pieces of national treasures, let them return to the motherland. So, how these cultural relics were lost to foreign countries, where they came from in China, the public security department began to investigate the matter, and then found the White Deer Plain, after determining that they came from the ancient tomb of Jiangcun, archaeologists conducted an archaeological survey here. It turned out to be a large "sub" type tomb with four burial passages.
At first, archaeologists thought that the "Sub" type tomb might be Liu Yan's burial place. Liu Yan was the concubine of Emperor Wen of Han and Empress Dou, the sister of Liu Qi, the sister of Emperor Jing of Han, and the aunt and mother-in-law of Emperor Liu Che of The Han Dynasty. After Emperor Wen of Han ascended the throne, Liu Yan was given the title of Princess Tao of Guan. In the third year of The Han Dynasty (177 BC), he married Chen Wu, the Marquis of Tangyi, and had at least two sons and a daughter. After the Han Jing Emperor ascended the throne, princess Tao Chang of jin fengguan was in a position similar to that of a prince.
Liu Was scheming and scheming, and supported Liu Che, the king of Jiaodong, as crown prince. After Emperor Liu Che of the Han Dynasty ascended the throne, she became the Princess of Guantao and was honored as "Lord Dou", and her daughter Chen Ajiao became the first empress of Emperor Wu of Han. In the fifth year of Yuan Guang (130 BC), Empress Chen was deposed, and Liu Yan gradually lost her power, and Yuan Ding died in the first year (116 BC). After her death, Liu Yan was buried in Baling, which is clearly recorded in the history books. However, archaeologists soon discovered that the type of the "Sub" type tomb was not a regular grid that the princess could have, and then the Baling was determined.
It should be noted that in the archaeological excavations of Baling, in addition to "most of the cultural relics are pottery figurines, there are some pottery and bronze, iron and small pieces", the staff even "want to find a few cultural relics that can represent Baling, ornamental value I can not find" (Global Network, 2021-12-15). This is Liu Heng's shining virtue and character, which is known for his frugality, and it is precisely this reason that he has been "staying" safely underground for more than two thousand years. It should be said that virtue and character are the best "anti-theft technology" in the cemetery. #汉文帝霸陵被发现 #
The pictures in this article are from the network, thanks to the original author!