On September 25, 1933, Chiang Kai-shek launched the fifth encirclement and suppression struggle. In the Many Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Struggles of the Red Army, this anti-encirclement and suppression struggle lasted the longest, and the Red Army suffered the greatest losses. After a year of arduous struggle, the Red Army was still unable to break through the enemy's encirclement and suppression, and the future of the Chinese revolution was uncertain.
Because opportunism encroached on the upper echelons of the Party and occupied the dominant position of the Communist Party, Chairman Mao had empty military ambitions but could not carry them out. It happened that at this time, Chairman Mao's body suffered from severe malaria, with a continuous high fever of 40 degrees. Outside the window, Chiang Kai-shek's army was about to invade the revolutionary base areas, and the fate of the country had reached a critical moment, and Chairman Mao could hardly suppress the grief and indignation in his heart at this time, and gritted his teeth and wept: "I will die in heaven."
In what extreme revolutionary environment did Chairman Mao utter such an exclamation? And how did he get out of this experience? Since then, what has happened to the chinese revolution?
China at the beginning of the last century can be described in four words: the fate is uncertain. China in this period not only had to resist the aggression of foreign imperialism, but also resolved China's internal contradictions. In This period of China, perennial wars, the people are not happy, and natural disasters are continuous, the life of the people at the bottom is very difficult, born in the era of peace, it is difficult for us to imagine how the Chinese people of that era lived.
The emergence of one person who has completely changed the fate of China's future is Chairman Mao, the great leader of the people. Chairman Mao led the Chinese people to victory in the war and established a new China on the land of China. U.S. Ambassador Stuart said: Before the founding of New China, an average of 300,000 to 700,000 people died of famine in China every year, and the average life expectancy of the people was less than 45 years.
Stuart's assessment is objective, and the situation may even be worse. In China in the early twentieth century, the Qing government left a mess, China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, the national economy was in a state of complete collapse, and it was common for people to starve to death. At that time, China could not even make a match. The world was in chaos, there was famine everywhere, and displaced people fled in various provinces.
When China was in dire straits, the great leader Chairman Mao appeared, and no amount of beautiful words could compose Chairman Mao's greatness, and no amount of long deeds could record Chairman Mao's achievements. Because without Chairman Mao, there would be no Communist Party of China. Without the Communist Party of China, there would be no New China.
After Chairman Mao established China, the national economy developed rapidly. In the past, the old China, which could not make small benches and small matches, actually built rocket cannons. When the Western countries of the United States and imperialism saw that China had developed a nuclear bomb, they were so shocked that their jaws could not be closed. How did a country like China achieve an earth-shaking reversal? The answer is: Chairman Mao's insistence on leadership.
But Chairman Mao's fate, like the fate of the Chinese revolution, is full of ups and downs and thorns and bumps. When Chairman Mao was at his most difficult, he issued a tragic exclamation of "I am also the one who died in heaven." What kind of story is there in this?
On October 10, 1911, the Xinhai Revolution broke out. This Chinese revolution led by Sun Yat-sen overthrew the feudal ruling forces of the Qing government and broke the shackles of China's destiny. However, the revolution was not carried out thoroughly. Yuan Shikai stole the fruits of the revolution and established the Beiyang Warlords. In order to resist the rule of the Beiyang warlords. Sun Yat-sen established the National Government in Guangzhou, created the National Revolutionary Army, and began to have his own military strength.
From 1924 onwards, the Northern Expedition began vigorously. In order to achieve the expected results of the war, Sun Yat-sen learned from the Soviet Union the mode of army management and eventually realized the nationalization of the army. But what Sun Yat-sen did not expect was that although the army had achieved national management, there was a split within the party. It was at this time that the split between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party began.
The two parties ostensibly maintain a united front and work together against the Beiyang warlords. In fact, internal divisions are intensifying. The ultimate goal of the people is to realize the construction of the Three People's Principles, while the goal of the Communist Party is to realize communism. In the whole country, the Communist Party is even more popular with the people. As a result, more people joined the Communist Party. This caused great uneasiness in the Kuomintang.
In May 1926, Chiang Kai-shek ordered someone to compile a list of Communists and exclude Communists according to this list, and Chairman Mao, who was then the head of the Kuomintang Propaganda Department, was also on this list. Soon, Chairman Mao was forced to leave the National Revolutionary Army.
Chiang Kai-shek, the Nationalist Army, took advantage of the opportunity to usurp power in the chaos and plotted to frame communists. Chiang Kai-shek's ambitions continued to swell, and eventually launched the April 12 coup. During the coup, a large number of Communist Party members were arrested or persecuted, and Communist Party work has since gone underground. The Communists used their small number of national revolutionary armies to confront the Kuomintang.
In 1927, the Communist Party of China launched an uprising in the people, known in history as the Nanchang Uprising. The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shots of armed resistance against the Kuomintang, and the Chinese Red Army began a history of struggle against the Kuomintang. The Nanchang Uprising, the Autumn Harvest Uprising, and the Guangzhou Uprising gradually strengthened the strength of the Communist Party of China, and more and more people joined the ranks of the Party.
A decade of civil war began. Relying on the superiority of the National Revolutionary Army, Chiang Kai-shek of the Kuomintang launched five encirclement and suppression wars against the Communist Party. In the first war of encirclement and suppression, Chiang Kai-shek gathered 100,000 Kuomintang troops and launched an attack on the central revolutionary base areas. Chairman Mao of our Party commanded the operation.
In the face of these 100,000 troops, Chairman Mao calmly made a strategic layout and adopted a military policy of enticing the enemy to penetrate deeply. Laying an ambush inside our side, luring the main Kuomintang troops to go deeper, directly annihilating more than 15,000 Nationalist troops and severely damaging the morale of the Kuomintang troops.
The Kuomintang was defeated in World War I and Resurrected in World War II. The second encirclement and suppression of the Communist Party, Chiang Kai-shek dispatched 200,000 troops, changed the strategy to fight steadily and steadily, on the part of our Party, Chairman Mao still insisted on the strategy of enticing the enemy to go deep, and in this battle, the Communist army led by Chairman Mao once again smashed the Kuomintang's encirclement and suppression plan. Only then did Chiang Kai-shek realize the seriousness of the matter, and he believed that it was no accident that the Red Army was able to achieve two consecutive victories.
In the third encirclement and suppression war, Chiang Kai-shek hired senior military advisers from Britain, Japan, and Germany, threw 300,000 troops to participate in the encirclement and suppression war, adopted the tactic of long-term driving and direct entry, and invaded our party's revolutionary base areas in three ways. Chairman Mao led the army to avoid the real and fight the false, and specifically attacked from the weak side of the Nationalist army, and in less than 100 days, it severely damaged 30,000 Kuomintang people, and once again won the anti-encirclement and suppression war.
In the fourth encirclement and suppression war, Chiang Kai-shek still chose to launch an army of 300,000. But in the end, it was crushed perfectly by Chairman Mao. When the Kuomintang launched the fifth encirclement and suppression war, differences began to emerge within our Party. Here we have to mention two people, one is Wang Ming and the other is Li De, and the appearance of these two people has directly pushed our party's revolution to the cusp of the storm.
Wang Ming joined the Communist Party of China in 1925 and went to Moscow to study at Sun Yat-sen University in the same year. Here, Wang Ming became a representative of dogmatism. During his time at the school, Wang Ming was appreciated by the principal Miff, who later came to China as the head of the International Oriental Department. With Miff's support, Wang Ming was elected as a member of the Central Committee and a member of the Politburo Standing Committee at the Fourth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee.
During this period, Wang Ming boasted of his experience studying in Moscow, and he looked down on Chairman Mao, who had no experience in studying abroad. After Wang Ming grasped the leadership of the CPC Central Committee, he and Li De, who were also friends in the Eastern Department, promoted dogmatism and "left-leaning" adventurism within the party.
In September 1933, the Kuomintang launched the Fifth Encirclement and Suppression War, mobilizing 1 million troops and 200 aircraft, which can be said to be the most powerful period of the Kuomintang. Moreover, when the fifth encirclement and suppression war was assembled, the Kuomintang purchased a batch of German mountain artillery, which was amazingly lethal. This time, the Kuomintang troops directly attacked the Communist Soviet area, and the situation was very critical.
At such a critical juncture, Wang Ming, Li De, and others went so far as to pursue the tactics of military adventurism, copy the Soviet experience, practice position warfare, and adopt desperationism in the face of the enemy. Chairman Mao had already lost his right to speak in the Central Committee at this time, and when he saw such a command from Wang Ming and others, he was distraught and repeatedly suggested: In the face of a strong enemy, the Red Army must carry out active defense and continue to follow the strategic principle of luring the enemy into the depths.
However, Wang Ming and others did not listen to Chairman Mao's suggestions at all, acted arbitrarily, and put forward the erroneous slogan of "resisting the enemy from the gates of the country." The Red Army gradually turned into a passive situation in the war, and the army's strength became smaller and smaller, losing the military superiority gained in the first four anti-encirclement and suppression wars. In the end, Wang Ming developed from "desperationism" to "escapism".
This was a period of low tide of Chairman Mao's fate, and Chairman Mao's situation during this period was very encouraging. Once, Chairman Mao's guards went to the central material supply department to receive daily necessities, but the material supply department, influenced by the left-leaning faction, did not pay any attention to Chairman Mao at all, and withheld a lot of supplies from Chairman Mao. From this incident, we can feel the situation of the chairman at that time.
However, it was not these small things that worried the chairman in his heart, the chairman was still very worried about the current war situation, and his military strategy was rejected as never before, which was also a profound blow to the chairman personally. The President often sat alone in the night, sighing in the moonlight. No great man's fate is flat, and Chairman Mao is no exception.
Even under such circumstances, the first thing Chairman Mao did when he woke up every day was to care about the war situation. As the war worsened, Chairman Mao's mood became heavier. In the defense of Guangchang, the Red Army lost again. When Chairman Mao learned of this news, he did not say a word for several days and fell into contemplation alone in the wild grass. The chairman had empty ambitions, but he could not open them, and his heart was full of sorrow.
In September 1934, Chairman Mao was unfortunately infected with severe malaria, and the fever did not go away at 40 degrees at night, and his life was threatened. At this time, our Party was on the verge of a desperate situation, and the enemy launched a large-scale attack on the Central Soviet Region. In the midst of great grief, Chairman Mao could not help but pound his chest and feet, grit his teeth and weep, and said: "I will die in heaven." ”
Fortunately, however, heaven took care of Chairman Mao, and under the careful care of the medical personnel in the Soviet Union, Chairman Mao got rid of the danger to his life and gradually improved his health. The condition had just picked up, and Chairman Mao propped himself up and issued combat recommendations. However, it was still ruthlessly rejected by the "Left" leanings, and the Fifth Anti-Encirclement and Suppression Campaign was finally a complete failure.
In October 1934, the Red Army was forced to transfer to the central revolutionary base area. In order to get rid of the encirclement and suppression of the Kuomintang, the Red Army began a long march of twenty thousand miles. In the course of the Long March, the cold blew cold into the hearts of some of our party cadres and awakened their correct consciousness. Some cadres began to express dissatisfaction with the leadership of left-leaning people. On January 15, 1935, our Party held an emergency enlarged meeting in Zunyi, Guizhou.
At this meeting, our Party liquidated the mistakes of left-leaning military command and established Chairman Mao's military leadership. Our great Chairman Mao has finally regained the military power of our Party. The Communist Party of China is once again rejuvenated. The Chairman quickly established the revolutionary strategic deployment and military policy, and at a critical moment, saved the lives of our Party and tens of thousands of Red Army soldiers. This was a crucial turning point in the Chinese revolution. After the Zunyi Conference, the Chinese Communist army repeatedly disintegrated the Kuomintang's military strength, and finally ushered in the victory of the ten-year civil war.
Without Chairman Mao's persistent leadership, I dare not imagine what China would be like now. In the era of peace, we inherit the red spirit, never forget our original intention, keep our mission firmly in mind, and always remember our great revolutionary leader, Chairman Mao.