Chinese civilization has a long history, and cultural ancient cities are dotted with dots.
They have endured thousands of years of ups and downs, and every brick and tile tells the story of historical changes.
Xi'an, Fenghuang, Chengde, Langzhong, Xiangyang, Meizhou, Jinan, Pingyao, Lijiang, Dali...
China's famous historical and cultural cities, visiting ancient cities and inheriting culture.
Starting today, Zhoushan launches a series of articles on ancient Chinese cities.
Today to explore the ancient city of Xi'an ——
Xi'an, known in ancient times as "Chang'an" or "Pickaxe", is the capital of Shaanxi Province, located in the middle of the Guanzhong Plain, bordering the Wei River in the north, the Qinling Mountains in the south, and the Eight Rivers around Chang'an. The city administers 10 districts and 3 counties, with a total area of 10,108 square kilometers. In the first half of 2018, the permanent population was 9.0568 million, of which the urban population was 7.1293 million.
With more than 7,000 years of civilization history, more than 3,100 years of city building history, and more than 1,100 years of capital building history, Xi'an is one of the four ancient capitals of China, one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization and the Chinese nation, and the starting point of the Silk Road. Fenghao Capital City, Qin Xianyang Palace, Terracotta Warriors, Han Weiyang Palace, Changle Palace, Sui Daxing City, Tang Daming Palace, Xingqing Palace, etc. outline the "Chang'an complex".
In history, 13 dynasties, including Zhou, Qin, Han, Sui and Tang, built their capitals here.
Xi'an Big Wild Goose Pagoda in 1947
In China, there is only one city that dares to call itself a "city of world history" and is widely recognized by the world.
That is: Xi'an in Shaanxi.
As early as 1981, UNESCO identified Xi'an as a "World Historic City".
At the same time, there are Cairo in Egypt, Rome in Italy, Athens in Greece, etc., which are all famous ancient cities in world history. Although there are many ancient capitals in China, xi'an is the only "world cultural city" recognized by UNESCO, and the only "world historical city" in China!
The 13 dynasties that built the capital of Xi'an in history were: Western Zhou (about 300 years in Xi'an), Qin Dynasty, Western Han Dynasty (210 years), New Dynasty (Wang Mang period) (existed for about 15 years), Eastern Han (Xiandi period here for 6 years), Western Jin Dynasty (Emperor Huan period), Former Zhao (11 years), Former Qin (33 years), Later Qin (34 years), Western Wei (22 years), Northern Zhou (25 years), Sui (38 years), Tang Dynasty.
Therefore, people often say that Xi'an is the ancient capital of the Thirteen Dynasties, which has a historical basis.
Of course, in history, there are still several short-lived dynasties, and there have also been a history of building a capital in Xi'an.
The Dashun Dynasty established by Li Zicheng, on the first day of the first lunar month in 1644 (the first year of Yongchang), Li Zicheng founded the state in Xi'an, the name of the country was Dashun, changed to Yuan Yongchang, and renamed Xi'an Chang'an.
In December 880, Huang Chao was in Xi'an with the Yuan Hall, that is, the emperor's throne, the state name "Daqi", Jianyuan Jintong, historical name: Daqi or Huangqi and so on.
Therefore, to say that Xi'an is the ancient capital of the Fifteen Dynasties is also to say that it is the past.
Xi'an City Wall is the largest and most complete preserved ancient city wall in China today. The Xi'an City Wall is a Ming Dynasty city wall, built in the seventh year of Hongwu (1374) on the basis of the old city of the Sui and Tang Dynasties. At that time, Zhu Yuanzhang was not very satisfied with the capital Nanjing, attached great importance to Xi'an, planned to move the capital to Xi'an, and sent the crown prince Zhu Biao to investigate, but the early death of the prince made the matter of moving the capital impossible. However, Xi'an was the fiefdom of Zhu Yuanzhang's second son, Zhu Zhu, the King of Qin, and the city was the same city, and the scale of the city was grand and strong, second only to the imperial city.
When you come to Xi'an, pasta must be full and well managed.
Moreover, Xi'an is the best tourist destination in China, one of the civilized cities in China, an important national science and education center, with 7 985 or 211 engineering universities such as Xi'an Jiaotong University, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Northwest University, and Xidian University.