When it comes to the Songjiang Uprising, most people will think of the bridge section of the Liangshan Uprising in the classical novel "Water Margin", but is the real Songjiang Uprising in history like this? Of course not.
Song Jiang Uprising
It is undeniable that the story of the 108 good men Juyi Liangshan Po written by Shi Nai'an is a fictional, and the real SongJiang Uprising in history occurred in the first year of the Song Huizong Xuanhe more than 800 years ago, specifically, a rebellion organized by some fishermen and peasants who were exploited and oppressed by the government.
In today's view, the real Song Jiang uprising, the scale is far less than the scale described in "Water Margin", at best, a group of green forest good men who were forced to fall into grass rely on the advantages of the terrain and carry out some guerrilla warfare in a small fight, as for the many jianghu haojie with extraordinary skills in the novel, it is the result of artistic processing.
It is said that the trigger of the SongJiang uprising was mainly the financial difficulties of the Song Dynasty, and the government, in order to alleviate the urgent need, announced that all the waters of Liangshan would be taken over as public property, and the common people were forbidden to fish and collect lotus roots without authorization, and those who violated the law would be severely punished.
Some fishermen and peasants who relied on water to draft water cut off their livelihoods, so they rose up and rebelled against the tyranny of the government, which is the origin of the real SongJiang uprising in history.
According to legend, under the command of Song Jiang and other major leaders, the rebel army fought with officers and soldiers by virtue of the terrain of Liangshan Po, which was easy to defend and difficult to attack, which once formed a deterrent to the imperial court at that time. It was not until the third year of Xuanhe that the rebel army was suppressed by the regular troops of the imperial court and suffered heavy losses, and then Song Jiang had to accept the court's offer, and this vigorous peasant uprising came to an end.
It can be seen that although Shi Nai'an's novels have exaggerated elements in character shaping and plot description, one thing is basically respect for historical facts, that is, the Song Jiang Uprising was originally the result of officials forcing the people to rebel.
Thirty-six people introduced the history of the Song River Uprising
The thirty-six people of the Song Jiang Uprising tell the story of the Liangshan Pohaohan Uprising led by Song Jiang in the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the heroic deeds of the thirty-six people of Song Jiang left a deep impression on the reader. The thirty-six members of the Songjiang Uprising refer to Song Jiang, Chao Gai, Wu Yong, Lu Junyi, Guan Sheng, Shi Jin, Chai Jin, Ruan Xiao'er, Ruan Xiaowu, Ruan Xiaoqi, Liu Tang, Zhang Qing, Yan Qing, Sun Li, Zhang Shun, Zhang Heng, Hu Yanzhuo, Li Jun, Hua Rong, Qin Ming, Li Kui, Lei Heng, Dai Zong, Suo Chao, Yang Zhi, Yang Xiong, Dong Ping, Xie Zhen, Xie Bao, Zhu Tong, Mu Hong, Shi Xiu, Xu Ning, Li Ying, Hua Shang Lu Zhishen, and Wu Song.
Picture of thirty-six people in the SongJiang Uprising
The thirty-six members of the Song Jiang Uprising each had their own abilities and abilities, and they were full of enthusiasm, hoping to overthrow the corrupt and incompetent Northern Song court with the strength of the good Han. Today, in Liangshan, there are still songs and ballads about the thirty-six people of the Song Jiang Uprising in the area of Yuncheng, which reads, "Thirty-six when you go, eighteen pairs when you come." If there is one less person, they will not return to their hometown when they die."
In "Water Margin", one of the four famous works, the author describes in detail the beginning and end of the SongJiang Uprising, in which Liangshan Po 108 singles will become a classic heroic model. According to historical investigations, the SongJiang Uprising took place during the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Northern Song Dynasty, but it was not as vivid as depicted in the Water Margin.
In addition to the figure of the thirty-six people of the Song Jiang Uprising can be seen in the "Water Margin", in the book "Thirty-six People of Song Jiang Praise and Preface" written by Gong Kai, the list of thirty-six people of Song Jiang is clearly mentioned. In addition, in the "Xuanhe Testament", it is also clearly recorded that Song Jiang led thirty-six generals to surrender under Zhang Shuye's summons to pacify Fang La. Song Jiang and others were rewarded by the imperial court for their meritorious efforts in pacifying Fang La.
When did the real SongJiang Uprising in history revolt?
Readers learn about the beginning and end of the SongJiang Uprising through Shi Nai'an's "Water Margin". However, when the author described the Songjiang Uprising, he did not clearly write the time of the Songjiang Uprising, which is a pity for the majority of Water Margin fans. As we all know, the Songjiang Uprising is a real event in history, and the Songjiang Uprising is also clearly recorded in the History of Song.
Stills from Water Margin
In order to know exactly the time of the SongJiang Uprising, it is necessary to understand from historical records. Both the Song Shi Huizong Benji and the Song Shi Zhang Shu Ye Biography involve the Song Jiang uprising, and it is regrettable that the time of the Song Jiang uprising is not mentioned in the main history. It is only known that the SongJiang Uprising occurred during the reign of Emperor Huizong at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, and the specific time has not been proposed.
In order to verify the timing of the SongJiang Uprising, it is also necessary to examine other miscellaneous histories. "The Great Song Xuan and Testament" tells about what happened during the Song and Yuan dynasties, and the main content of the book is about the Song Jiang Uprising. This work was written during the Song and Yuan dynasties, and many scholars believe that Shi Nai'an wrote the Water Margin based on the Great Song Xuan and Testament.
Judging from the story told in "The Great Song Xuan and Testament", it can be inferred that the time of the Song Jiang Uprising was inferred. In the book, it is written that when Chao Gai, Yang Zhi and others went to Liangshan Po in 1120, song Jiang killed Yan PoXi in May, and under the investigation of the government, Song Jiang went to Liangshan Po to surrender to Chao Gai. It is speculated that the Liangshan Po on the Song River was also after June 1120.
In addition, there is another theory of the time of the SongJiang Uprising. In the five years from 1114 to 1119, Liangshan Po was occupied by people, which caused the anger of the good han of Liangshan, and the SongJiang Rebellion broke out. In 1119, the thirty-six people of Song Jiang rebelled in Liangshanpo, and then attacked Hebei and Shandong. In 1121, Song Jiang was surrendered by Zhang Shuye, and the Song Jiang Rebellion ended.
What is the cause of the Song Jiang uprising in the Song Dynasty in history
The "Water Margin" clearly pointed out that the reason for the Song Jiang uprising was that the officials forced the people to rebel. In fact, there are many reasons for the Songjiang Uprising, the deepening of class contradictions, and the heavy taxation are all the triggers that triggered the outbreak of the Songjiang Uprising. During the reign of Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty, the merchant tax on goods increased, and the increased commercial tax was all spread equally among the ordinary people.
Under the increasing exploitation of the feudal rulers, the peasants who depended on the land for their livelihood went bankrupt. Faced with heavy tax pressure, the people could not bear it, so they had to rise up against the Northern Song court. In addition, the serious land annexation was also one of the reasons for the SongJiang uprising. After Emperor Huizong of Song ascended the throne, he spent all day idle and covetous pleasures, and the six traitors he most favored were a major tumor in the Northern Song court.
Emperor Huizong of Song ignored the government all day, and all the power of the government was toyed with by Cai Jing and others. In the last years of the Northern Song Dynasty, Cai Jing and others took advantage of their positions to annex a large number of peasant lands, forcing a large number of peasants to leave the land. The peasant class headed by Song Jiang could not stand the persecution of traitors and thieves, so they had no choice but to go to Liangshan to become a coward, and in the face of increasingly acute class contradictions, they had to vent their dissatisfaction by means of an uprising. In addition, the dark courtiers of the imperial court colluded, and they did not hesitate to frame good people for their own selfish interests, such as Wu Song and Lin Chong. Lin Chong was originally the leader of the Forbidden Army, and was only retaliated against for his wife being coveted by the powerful ministers. With no way out, Lin Chong had to go to Liangshan and become one of the members of the uprising.
As we all know, the 108 good men in "Water Margin" were forced to liangshan. After Song Jiang and others went to Liangshan, the imperial court and the government vigorously attacked the Liangshan Po forces, just as the so-called oppression where there was resistance, under the high-pressure attack of the imperial court, Song Jiang and others finally decided to break out an uprising.
What are the effects of the SongJiang Uprising during the Huizong period of the Northern Song Dynasty
The SongJiang Uprising, which took place during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty, was originally only a small-scale peasant uprising, but it became a well-known historical event because of Shi Nai'an's classic novel "Water Margin". As we all know, the SongJiang Uprising eventually failed miserably in the suppression of the imperial court and the contradictions and conflicts within the rebel army, and the heroic Haojie gradually blurred his back in the smoke and dust of history, but a Songjiang Uprising had a profound impact, and even after thousands of years, it is still full of interesting points.
Influence of the Song Jiang Uprising
Throughout the history of China, the main theme of the peasant uprising has always run through the feudal society of the past three thousand years, such as the Chen Sheng Wuguang uprising of the Qin Dynasty, the Wagangzhai uprising at the end of the Sui Dynasty, and the Huangchao uprising in the Tang Dynasty, all of which are vigorous large-scale peasant uprisings in history. In contrast, the Liangshan Po Uprising led by Song Jiang, whether in terms of scale or political significance, cannot be compared with the peasant uprisings of the previous dynasty that promoted the change of the times, so what is the impact of the Song Jiang Uprising?
First, the Song Dynasty was the most frequent period of peasant uprisings in Chinese history. The direct cause of the SongJiang Uprising was a revolt of the working people at the bottom against the decadent political and economic system of the Song Dynasty, and although this small-scale peasant uprising did not change the entire national fortunes of the Northern Song Dynasty, it exposed the decaying political system of the Song Dynasty in a certain sense, thus accelerating the demise of the Song Dynasty, which was the most influential of the Song River Uprising.
Secondly, by summarizing the results of the failure of the Songjiang Uprising, later generations also concluded that the peasant uprising led by feudal officials had its internal characteristics of weakness and lack of will. Among the leaders of the rebel army, the officials represented by Song Jiang did not originally belong to the oppressed working people at the bottom, and his so-called "uprising" was actually to a large extent just a stopgap measure to escape the reality of falling into distress and waiting for the opportunity to rise again, and its essence was still from the position of safeguarding the feudal ruling class.
Song Huizong Xuan and the Song Jiang Uprising in the first year were introduced
In the classic Chapter Hui novel "Water Margin", which is based on the Liangshan Uprising of the Northern Song Dynasty, the author Shi Nai'an has made many fabrications and adaptations of the Song Jiang Uprising, and has become a well-known story after thousands of years. In fact, the historical account of the SongJiang Uprising is not originally detailed, so it gives posterity a lot of imagination and "joke" room, if you want to explore the real Songjiang Uprising, you must also look for traces from historical documents.
Turning to the historical classics, there are little records about the Song Jiang uprising in the Song Shi HuiZong Ji and the Song Shi Zhang Shu Ye Biography, of which the Song Shi Hui Zong Ji mainly records the occurrence date and cause of the Song Jiang Uprising, which occurred roughly in the third year of Xuanhe, a group of fishermen and peasants on the banks of the Shui po Liangshan Mountain in order to resist the government's monopoly of shui po resources, causing their livelihood to be unsustainable, thus triggering a small-scale peasant uprising. The final result of the Song Jiang uprising is recorded in the "Song Shi Zhang Shu Night Biography".
From the few documents, posterity can basically restore a real history of the SongJiang Uprising.
At first, with the natural geographical advantages of Shuipo Liangshan, this peasant uprising achieved partial success, but due to the "weak revolutionary will" of the leaders of the rebel army, and in the face of the regular army that the imperial court came to suppress, the troops composed of peasants who lacked formal military training obviously had a big gap in combat effectiveness, so after suffering repeated heavy losses, Song Jiang and others had to accept the invitation and surrender to the imperial court. This passage is particularly vague in the description of the SongJiang uprising, so that many people speculate that the rebel army was eventually forced to surrender by Zhang Shuye, and there is no evidence.
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