"Fight across the Yangtze River and liberate all of China", on the evening of April 21, 1949, a million People's Liberation Army shouted this slogan and launched the Battle of Crossing the River. "Zhongshan is windy and rainy, and millions of heroes have crossed the river", many fishermen and women have braved to shake their boats and transport large armies across the river, despite the dangers. Heroic daughters are rewarded with great ambition, and they have been bravely advancing towards victory! advance! Moving forward!
During the war-torn revolutionary years, party organizations and communists at all levels in Jiangsu resolutely threw themselves into the cause of national liberation, from the great strike of the Longhai railway workers that shocked the whole country to the white terror of breaking through the Kuomintang, from the eastward advance of the New Fourth Army to the reconstruction of the military headquarters, from the Battle of Huaihai to the Battle of Crossing the River, the sons and daughters of Jiangsu fought bravely to win liberation.
On April 23, 1949, Liu Bocheng telegraphed chairman Mao to the news of the basic liberation of Nanjing, and Chairman Mao immediately composed a poem: "The wind and rain on Zhongshan Mountain are yellow, and a million heroes have crossed the river." The tiger is better than the past, and the world is turned upside down. It is advisable to chase the poor and the poor, and not to become the overlord of the famous school. If the heavens are full of love and the heavens are old, the right way in the world is vicissitudes. "In the Battle of Crossing the River, the great people's army created a miracle of breaking through the natural dangers of the Yangtze River in one fell swoop with wooden sailing ships. The history of the liberation of Nanjing has profoundly enlightened us that without struggle, there can be no victory. What determines the outcome of a war is not entirely the merits of weapons, but the will to dare to struggle on a mission.
A hundred years of history, vicissitudes and great changes. Today's Jiangsu is sweating and sowing wisdom on the blueprint for the construction of "strong, rich and high", shouldering the important task of exploring the way for the development of the whole country. The magnificent red epic has been passed down from generation to generation, and everyone in the beautiful Jiangsu Province who is prosperous and strong has risen. In the course of a hundred years, generations of Jiangsu daughters have inherited the red gene, practiced the original mission, and written a glorious epic of struggle on the land of Jiangsu.
In the fight for labor rights, the struggle of female workers is surging
Since modern times, China's national capitalist industry has gradually risen. Hydra Jiangsu, embrace the river to the sea, Zhong Ling Yuxiu, Jiangsu has been the hometown of splendid embroidery since ancient times, and the early national industry is dominated by cotton textile industry and silk reeling industry, which makes Jiangsu female workers form the earliest and largest number in the country. In 1920, the number of female workers in Jiangsu had reached as many as 140,000, accounting for more than 60% of the total number of female workers in the country, ranking first in the country.
Although women workers have made great contributions to development and created a great deal of wealth for the capitalists, their wages are very small, their working conditions are poor, their lives are extremely difficult, and they are oppressed and exploited. During the May Fourth Movement, the active women's liberation ideology and the courageous practice of the patriotic movement gradually awakened the long-oppressed women masses and raised their political consciousness.
In July 1921, the Communist Party of China was founded. Since then, the Women's Movement in Jiangsu has gained the leadership of party organizations on the basis of spontaneous rise and has gradually embarked on a new journey.
In July 1922, the Second National Congress of the Communist Party of China adopted the Resolution on the Women's Movement, which was the first resolution on the women's movement in the name of a political party in Chinese history. In January 1925, the Resolution on the Women's Movement adopted by the Fourth National Congress of the Party clearly stipulated the three principles of the Party for the women's movement, namely: "With the women of the workers and peasants as the backbone, the interests of the women of the workers and peasants should be effectively represented in the women's movement, and the status of the women of the workers and peasants should be raised in propaganda, so that the women of the workers and peasants would gradually become the main components of the women's movement." Under the guidance of these three principles, all parts of Jiangsu have strengthened the work of female workers, and large-scale strike struggles such as night schools for female workers have been opened in Wuxi, Suzhou, and other places, workers in Zhenjiang Sock Factory have gone on strikes, and joint strikes by female workers in Zhenjiang Renzhang, Xinhua, and Guanghua Three Silk Factories.
In May 1925, the May Thirtieth Massacre occurred in Shanghai, which shocked the whole country. After the news reached Jiangsu, angry workers rose up in unison and launched a widespread strike struggle. The largest and most influential of these was the nanjing Hutchison foreign bank workers' strike. Hutchison & Co. is a refrigerated processing plant for eggs and meat established by British capitalists, with more than 1,400 female workers, accounting for about 47% of the total number of workers. These women workers were not only brutally exploited by the British capitalists economically, but were also often detained, beaten, and flirted with, and their hearts had long been resentful. Under the organization and mobilization of the Nanjing Branch of the Communist Party of China and the Nanjing Prefectural Committee of the Communist Youth League, Hutchison Foreign Bank workers activists established the Hutchison Foreign Strike Committee.
On June 6, all women workers took part in a demonstration organized by the strike committee, chanting along the way "Labor is sacred, long live labor!" "Down with the mighty, down with imperialism!" And other slogans, the momentum is huge, threatening Nanjing. On June 10, the strike committee proposed 13 conditions for returning to work, including requiring women workers to increase their wages by 20% according to the money code, implementing a 10-hour working day, and giving pensions for work-related disabilities. With the persistence of the striking workers and the support of all walks of life, the British capitalists accepted the conditions of the workers by means of a delay. On July 17, the strike committee announced the resumption of work.
On July 31, the factory abruptly announced a shutdown and laid off hundreds of workers, citing a lack of raw materials. Just as the trade union representatives were negotiating with the factory, the British Marines suddenly entered the factory and shot and killed 3 workers, seriously injuring dozens of people, including 6 female workers.
After the "July 31 Massacre," the citizens of Nanjing held a large-scale demonstration, and the CPC Central Committee and the Central Committee of the Communist Youth League issued the "Letter to Workers, Students, and Soldiers for the Massacre in Nanjing and Qingdao" on the 11th, strongly protesting against Britain's brutal acts of violating China's sovereignty and killing Chinese citizens. Although this struggle eventually failed, as Liu Shaoqi said, it was "an extremely enthusiastic movement", which not only promoted the unity of the female workers' contingent, but also further stimulated the women workers' awareness of struggle and accumulated experience in organizing the struggle of female workers. The history of this struggle in the drifting zero years is enough to enter the glorious history of the women's movement.
In 1926, after the warlord government revoked the provisions of "restricting the development of the silk industry", the silk reeling industry in Wuxi was revived, and new and old silk factories competed for development. In this case, the Dexing Silk Factory falsely promised the female workers' capital increase requirements in order to stabilize the female workers from staying in the factory and continuing to work. However, when the women workers demanded new standard wages and special rewards from the factory, they were refused, and the factory even detained 13 female workers' representatives. After the news spread, female workers Liu Qunxian, Wang Caibao, and others went to various silk factories to strike in tandem, and soon received response and support from workers in six or seven nearby silk factories. At that time, Qin Qi, head of the workers' movement of the Wuxi Independent Branch of the COMMUNIST Party of China, directly led the strike struggle.
On 23 May, women workers staged larger strikes and demonstrations, and as they reached the Tongyun Bridge, they were blocked by armed marine police, merchant groups, and fire brigades who beat them with sticks, water dragons, and even shot at unarmed women workers. Female workers in various silk factories in the urban area came to support each other, and on the same day, 21 female workers in silk factories in the county began a collective strike. On the 27th, the striking workers issued a "Letter of Lamentation" to all walks of life in the county, exposing the cruel oppression and exploitation of the reactionary authorities and capitalists. After the "Letter of Lamentation" was issued, it won the sympathy and support of all sectors of society, and the reactionary authorities and capitalists were under great pressure from public opinion. On the 28th, the reactionary authorities and the capital of various factories saw that the wave of strikes may affect other industries and it would be more difficult to end, so they were forced to accept most of the conditions for returning to work proposed by women workers. The strike of the General Union of Silk Factory Workers lasted for nine days and nine nights, fully reflecting the awakening of the working class under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
After the "April 12" counter-revolutionary coup in 1927, women's organizations were destroyed, women leaders were killed, and the Women's Movement in Jiangsu was frustrated with the defeat of the Great Revolution. In view of the fact that women workers in Jiangsu account for 80% of the total number of workers, the Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China still emphasizes that "the women's movement should be placed in the primary position of the party's overall task of winning over the masses." As a result, a large number of Communist Party members went deep into the factories and the grass-roots units to make friends with women workers and do in-depth and meticulous ideological mobilization work, so that the women's workers' movement in Jiangsu gradually arose and became active again in the central areas ruled by the enemy.
During this period, the strike struggle of Nantong Dasheng Spinning Factory, the second strike of Hutchison foreign workers, and the joint strike of workers of 36 silk weaving factories in Suzhou were in full swing. These struggles raised the consciousness of the broad masses of women workers, trained and tempered a number of female workers, struck a blow at reactionary political forces, and became an important part of the women's liberation movement during the second civil revolutionary war.
Throw yourself into national liberation and mobilize your might
In 1935, under the guidance of the line of the Communist Party of China on establishing an anti-Japanese national united front, a nationwide anti-Japanese salvation movement climaxed, and anti-Japanese salvation groups from all walks of life were established in the form of the National Salvation Congress. Jiangsu women actively responded to the call of the Times of the Chinese Revolution and the Chinese Women's Movement and became an important revolutionary force. On November 30, 1935, under the increasingly serious crisis in North China, the first national salvation congress organization, the Nanjing Women's Salvation Association, was established in Nanjing. Driven by it, women's salvation congresses from all walks of life in Shanghai and other places have been established one after another, mushrooming throughout the country like mushrooms.
Nanjing Victory Memorial Hall
After the outbreak of the All-out War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in 1937, the Party made an important strategic decision to open up a battlefield behind enemy lines. In May 1938, the anti-Japanese base areas in southern Jiangsu, central Jiangsu and northern Jiangsu were built successively. The Women's Movement in Jiangsu, with rural women as the main force and support for the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the construction of base areas as the main content, has gradually unfolded in the struggle to consolidate and build base areas.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Japanese army carried out large-scale clearance and sweeping of the countryside in various anti-Japanese base areas, and implemented the inhumane "Three Lights Policy" everywhere it went, and the women of Jiangsu carried out a heroic and tenacious struggle. In order to destroy the enemy's bamboo fence, they cut down the bamboo garden they had planted, sank the bamboo to the bottom of the pond, and did not hand over, less or smaller, bad bamboo. When the enemy built the bamboo fence, he participated in the struggle to burn the bamboo fence.
In the two months of March and April 1943, women in the anti-Japanese base areas in southern Jiangsu alone participated in 51 struggles to destroy bamboo fences, which were 120 miles long; "wounded soldier mother" Li Guiying, "Lotus Grandmother" Lou Wenyun, and other women braved the risk of being killed to cover and care for the cadres and wounded of the New Fourth Army, to keep guns, ammunition, military uniforms, and materials for the New Fourth Army, and still refused to reveal any news in the face of the enemy's torture and interrogation; in the winter of 1944, In the winter of 1944, Guangling, Chenghuang, and other women in Taixing County braved the risk of being killed. The militia of the three districts of Quxia formed a joint anti-blockade demolition committee, and yan Zhenhua, the "heroine of the anti-blockade", led the militia to carry out demolition activities 17 times... With their flesh and blood and with their bravery and resoluteness in the struggle against the enemy, the broad masses of women guarded the broken mountains and rivers and contributed their strength to the great victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan.
Memorial Hall of compatriots killed in the Nanjing Massacre of the Japanese invasion of China
After eight years of arduous national liberation struggle, the people of Chinese fervently hope for peace and democracy and for the construction of a new China. However, in June 1946, the Kuomintang besieged the Liberated Areas of the Central Plains with heavy troops, provoking a full-scale civil war. After the desperate struggle of the Chinese Communists, the war situation was reversed, and in the autumn of 1948 it entered the stage of a strategic decisive battle to win a national victory.
In order to support the front line and win the war, party organizations at all levels in northern Jiangsu attach great importance to mobilizing the power of women. At that time, many women cadres held the posts of the pre-production disaster relief committee, and some women cadres served as deputy township chiefs and deputy village chiefs, and the women's strength was strengthened in organizations at all levels. In 1948, the Huaihai General Women's Rescue Association issued a "Letter to the Members of the Huaihai Women's Federation", asking women to mobilize and organize, and to support the great counteroffensive of the People's Liberation Army.
The vast number of women actively responded to the Party's call and actively participated in the torrent of the War of Liberation. During the Battle of Huaihai, women shouldered the heavy burden of production in the Liberated Areas. They broke through the tradition of "male cultivators and female weavers" in the old society, went out of their homes to cultivate the fields, undertook the burden of agricultural production in the family, and became the main force on the agricultural production line. The women formed mutual aid groups and accompanying workers to draw up production plans, and while doing a good job in their own production, they helped the families of military dependents and migrant workers in difficulty to cultivate and sow seeds on their behalf.
The women also fully undertook the work of weaving production in the rear, unwrapped their cotton clothes and quilts, and made military uniforms and shoes day and night, so that these military supplies were continuously sent to the front line, ensuring the supply of cold materials on the front line. On the one hand, women's participation in production ensures the fulfillment of the tasks before the support, and on the other hand, it also ensures the normal progress of agricultural production, improves the livelihood of the people in the Liberated Areas, makes it possible to make no mistakes in both the front and production, and provides the material basis for the victory of the war.
Women not only produced military food, but also took on the heavy task of transporting food. Under the strict blockade of the enemy, the grain transportation in northern Jiangsu needed to travel more than 225 kilometers, and it was transferred by land and water. The majority of women used carts to push, shoulder and carry, and cooperated to complete the task of transporting grain. At that time, of the 550 people participating in the grain transportation in Jianhe District, 400 were women, and more than 300 women in Shiji District completed the task of transporting 1500 kilograms of noodles in one day. Women also responded to the Government's call to consciously reduce their clothing and food and carry out a campaign to borrow food. The women put forward the slogan of "steaming one less cake and borrowing a bag of grain" to save every grain. In order to support the army, many girls took the initiative to lend out dowry food for marriage. The People's Liberation Army, which won the hearts and minds of the people and the support of the masses, broke through the bamboo, won consecutive battles, and soon approached Nanjing, the seat of the National Government.
Ma Maojie, a first-class hero of the River Crossing And a recipient of the July 1st Medal (Photo/ Xinhua News Agency reporter Li He)
On the evening of April 21, 1949, the Battle of the River Crossing began. Wang Fengying, a 17-year-old female boatman of the Second Regiment of the Second Regiment, flew his oars and made 6 round trips to and from the river in spite of the rain of bullets and bullets; Wang Jiehua, a veteran soldier in the Battle of the Crossing River, followed the cultural and labor troupe to Nanjing, hid in the trenches during the day, and came out at night to mobilize the local people to meet the Platon Who crossed the river; "Hero of the Special Class" Ma Maojie sent the soldiers across the river and drove a boat to transport combat materials for the front line until the victory of the Battle of the Crossing River. It was precisely with the support of the broad masses of women that the millions of troops of the three groups in the central, eastern, and western parts of the People's Liberation Army chopped the waves and crossed the Yangtze River "Heavenly Graben" in victory, and the Kuomintang army collapsed in its entirety. Faced with the great rout of the Kuomintang army on the battlefield, the People's Liberation Army took advantage of the victory and quickly launched a pursuit. On the evening of April 23, the 35th Army of the People's Liberation Army went straight into the center of Nanjing and occupied the presidential palace of the National Government in Nanjing. The SOLDIERS climbed the presidential palace building, lowered and discarded the flag of the blue sky and white sun, and took out the red flag and raised it with joy.
In the Battle of the River Crossing, the female boatmen who punched the boats were indispensable (File photo / Xinhua News Agency reporter Zou Jiandong)
Zhongshan was windy and rainy, and millions of heroes crossed the river. The victory in this battle of crossing the river, which has been recorded in history, and the liberation of Nanjing, have created favorable conditions for the victorious liberation of the whole country and the establishment of a new political power, which fully demonstrates the inexhaustible strength of the broad masses of women under the leadership of the party, and their historical merits, like the brilliant achievements of the People's Liberation Army, will forever be recorded in the annals of history and deserve praise from generation to generation.
The Women's Federation of Jiangsu Province has joined hands to carry out the activity of "co-learning and co-construction" in party history study and education, and promote the study and education of party history to go deeper and more concrete
Strive for a new era and contribute to the new Jiangsu of "strong, rich and high"
The history of the liberation of Nanjing has profoundly enlightened us that daring to struggle is an ideological weapon to overcome all difficulties and obstacles, and it is also a spiritual sword for waging great struggles in the new era. Jiangsu women who have entered the new era have carried forward the spirit of daring to struggle, and have made further progress with the spirit of loyalty and tenacity, and many advanced models that can be sung and wept have emerged.
National March 8th Red Flag Bearer Pacesetter, "The Most Beautiful Strivers", "Moving China 2018 Person of the Year"... Wang Shihua, honorary director of the Militia Post on Kaishan Island in Guanyun County, Lianyungang City, Jiangsu Province, was full of honors. She was originally a private primary school teacher, and in 1986, she accompanied her husband Wang Jicai to guard the isolated island on Kaishan Island in the Yellow Sea, which was affectionately known as "the husband and wife post on Kaishan Island". After Wang Jicai's death in 2018, Wang Shihua applied to his superiors to continue to guard the island. "Lao Wang fulfilled his promise, and he really guarded the island until the day he could not move. I am also a party member and a model of the times, and Lao Wang's promise is my promise. ”
For more than thirty years, due to the wind and high salt on the island, the national flag faded and damaged in a short time, Wang Shihua has bought more than 200 national flags, for her, the island is home, home is the country, the five-star red flag fluttering on the island, is her most firm belief in the years of guarding the island.
Yu Xiaqiu, the national March 8th Red Flag Bearer, is the first female college student to come out of Changjiang Village, Jingang Town, Zhangjiagang City, and she is also the first college student to "jump back" to the agricultural gate by virtue of the college entrance examination. For the development of her hometown, she resigned from the "iron rice bowl" of the director of the department of Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, returned to the village from the deputy director of the Investment Office, and eventually grew into the party secretary of Changjiang Village, the chairman and president of the board of directors of Changjiang Runfa Group, and the chairman of Changjiang Runfa Health Industry Co., Ltd.
For more than ten years, she has led the enterprise to become the first listed village enterprise in Suzhou, the village is stronger, the villagers are rich, and the villagers affectionately call her "girlfriend secretary". Today, Yu Xiaqiu said, "We must strive to turn village enterprises into global companies, march from the '10 billion goal' to the '100 billion goal', and ensure the people's high-quality life with high-quality industrial development!" ”
Shen Chuangzhen, who was awarded the titles of "National Grain Grower" and "Most Beautiful Family in The Country", is a villager of Gaozhuang Village, Rongbingyan Resources District, Dantu District, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, and is also a well-known "Iron Lady". From barefoot farmers to mechanized "grain growers", Shen's family has "grown" in the field. The land expanded from 5 mu to 50 mu and more than 500 mu, and she also led more than 50 households in the village to embark on the road of growing grain to get rich, of which 4 households became large grain growers sowing more than 30 mu a year, and Dantu "Rongbing" rice became a Jiangsu brand.
However, no matter how expensive the grain in the market is, Shen Fillzhen is the first to send the millions of kilograms of grain harvested to the State Grain Administration. "To be a peasant party member, we must cultivate the land well, and even more we must plant the land well!" She used a pair of "black and not slippery autumn" handwriting to write the "Sutra of Getting Rich" in farming, and also let the good family style of the most beautiful family "grow" in the field.
Not forgetting the original heart, keeping in mind the mission, on the road of a hundred years of struggle, Jiangsu women will always follow the party, carry forward positive energy, gather her strength, and compose a magnificent chapter in the revolution, construction and reform in different historical periods. Striving for a new journey, Jiangsu women have forged ahead with heroic steps, contributed to the "strong, rich and high" new Jiangsu, and strived to show new deeds and create new glory for the comprehensive construction of a socialist modern country and the realization of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.