Mussolini was born in 1883 in the small town of Dipred piao. His father was a part-time socialist journalist and a blacksmith, the son of a lieutenant in the National Guard, and his mother was a teacher, but the Mussolini family was poor. They lived in two crowded rooms on the second floor of a small, dilapidated palace. And, since Mussolini's father spent most of his time talking about politics in taverns, and most of his money was spent on his mistress, his three children often ate very few meals. In his later years, he was proud of his humble origins and often referred to himself as "the children of the people."
As a restless child, Mussolini was disobedient, unruly, and aggressive. He was a bully at school and moody at home. Because the teachers of the village school could not control him, he was sent to Faenza boarding house by strict Salesian orders, where he proved himself to be more troublesome than ever, stabbed a classmate with a knife, and was expelled from another school, but he was expelled from the new school again.
But he had a high IQ and a strong ability to learn, earned a teaching diploma, and served as a principal for a while, but soon realized that he was completely unfit for such a job. At the age of 19, a short, pale, strong chin, big, dark and sharp young man, he left Italy for Switzerland with a Karl Marx nickel medal, in his empty pocket. In the months that followed, according to his own account, he lived a day-to-day life, jumping from one job to another.
At the same time, he enjoyed a reputation as a young man with a singular charm and extraordinary rhetorical talent. He read extensively and voraciously, delving into the philosophers and theorists Emmanuel Kant, Benedict de Spinoza, Peter Kropotkin, Friedrich Nietzsche, Hegel, Karl Kautsky, and George Sorrell, taking the best out of their dross and forming his own political philosophy that was incoherent, impressing his companions, for he was a potential revolutionary with extraordinary personality and compelling attention. While earning a reputation as a political journalist and public speaker, he campaigned for unions, proposed strikes and advocated for violence as a means of enforcing demands. Repeatedly, he called for revenge one day. He was arrested and imprisoned more than once. When he returned to Italy in 1904, even the Newspapers in Rome began to mention his name.
For some time after his return, few people heard from him. He became a headmaster again, this time in the Venetian Alps north of Udine, where he lived, so he admitted that it was a life of "moral decay". But soon tired of such a wasteful life, he returned to union work, journalism and extreme politics, which in turn led to arrests and imprisonment.
During the liberal years of 1909, he fell in love with his father and mistress's young daughter, who was only 16 years old, and lived together in a damp, cramped apartment in Forlì, and later married him. Shortly after the marriage, Mussolini was imprisoned for the fifth time. But by then Comrade Mussolini had been recognized as one of the most gifted and dangerous of the young Socialists in Italy. After writing various socialist newspapers, he founded his own newspaper, the newspaper "Class Struggle". The newspaper was so successful that in 1912 he was appointed editor of the official socialist newspaper, and his circulation soon doubled; as its anti-militaristic, anti-nationalist, and anti-imperialist editor, he strongly opposed Italian intervention in the First World War.
Mussolini at this moment is indeed a staunch practitioner of Marxism, a fanatical socialist and an activist for the rights of the working class. He was a very enthusiastic orator and prolific journalist who wrote for socialist newspapers. For this reason he was expelled from Switzerland twice. He was also a pacifist, condemning the barbaric violence of imperialist warfare.
Later, however, his philosophy began to change and deviate from the general socialist line. His pacifist stance has changed, and he has theorized the benefits of global conflict, which in his view represents a tool that can overthrow European monarchies. This made his comrades very dissatisfied, and he was expelled from the mainstream of socialism.
At the same time, he decisively joined the Revolutionary Party, strongly supported Italy in waging war to plunder resources, and he began to write and talk about a new path, a new political system, that would free Italy from stagnation and recreate the glory days of Rome. He called it fascism, a system based not on what he saw as an inter-class division and weakening of the state, but on nationality and solidarity. The word fascism is derived from the Italian "fascio", meaning bundled, in his sense a group of people.
Mussolini abandoned socialism mainly because of his desire for extremely high power, and the lack of armed forces of the Socialist Party made it difficult for him to govern Italy; coupled with the dissatisfaction of the Italian people after the First World War, Mussolini seized the opportunity to establish the Fascist Party and began to move towards the opposite of socialism.