Huang Gongluo, the leader of the Pingjiang Uprising, senior commander of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and a military strategist, has a rational understanding of the building of the people's army, the establishment of revolutionary base areas, and the people's war strategy and tactics.
Huang Gongliu (1898.1.24~1931.9.15), a native of Xiangxiang, Hunan. In 1916, he joined the Xiang Army. In the autumn of 1922, he was admitted to the Hunan Army's Lecture Hall, and after graduating the following year, he returned to the 6th Regiment of the 3rd Brigade of the 2nd Division of the Xiang Army as a deputy company commander and company commander. In 1926, he participated in the Northern Expedition and entered the senior class of the Whampoa Military Academy at the end of the same year. After participating in the Guangzhou Uprising in December 1927, he joined the Communist Party of China. In March 1928, he was sent back to Hunan by the party to serve as the vice principal of the independent 5th Division of the Kuomintang Army, and later served as the battalion commander. In July, together with Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan, he led the Pingjiang Uprising and served as a member of the Military Commission of the 5th Army of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army. In November, after Peng Dehuai and Teng Daiyuan led the main force of the Red 5th Army to Jinggangshan, they led their troops to remain in the Pingjiang and Liuyang areas to mobilize the masses, carry out guerrilla warfare, and create the Xiang'e Western Soviet District. In April 1929, he was appointed as the detachment leader of the Red Army detachment on the Xiang'e-Gansu border, and in early September he was appointed as the deputy commander of the Red 5th Army. In early 1930, he was appointed commander of the Red 6th Army (later renamed the Red 3rd Army). He led the troops in the southwestern region of Jiangxi to mobilize the masses, strengthen the revolutionary armed forces, establish Soviet power, and connect the scattered guerrilla areas into large revolutionary base areas. He led his troops to participate in the first, second, and third anti-"encirclement and suppression" operations in the Central Soviet Region. In September 1931, after the victorious end of the third anti-"encirclement and suppression" Battle of Fangshiling, his troops were attacked by enemy aircraft on the way to transfer and were shot and killed.
The main contents of Huang Gongluo's military thought are:
First, on the armed uprising
When the Communist Party organizes an armed uprising in the old army, it must take advantage of the positions held by Party members to cultivate backbone cadres with progressive ideas, win over soldiers, develop the Party's strength, and make ideological and organizational preparations for the uprising. It is necessary to make full use of the fundamental contradictions between the broad masses of lower-class soldiers and the reactionary officers at the upper levels, and actively carry out work among lower-level soldiers on the basis of the fact that reactionary warlords oppress and massacre workers and peasants and withhold soldiers' salaries, instill revolutionary ideas, and enlighten the class consciousness of the soldiers and the masses. Communists engaged in revolutionary activities in the old army can only gain the trust of soldiers and establish the prestige of the masses if they show concern for the well-being of soldiers with practical actions. This is a necessary condition for laying a good foundation for the uprising in the old army.
Second, on the construction of base areas
Armed struggle cannot be waged without a base area, and the construction of base areas must be mobilized and relied upon by the masses of the people. It is necessary to combine armed struggle with agrarian revolution, to direct the troops to carry out guerrilla warfare in a dispersed manner according to the actual situation, to penetrate deep among the peasants, and to launch peasant insurrection.
Huang Gongluo Exhibition Hall
Eliminate reactionary vigilante groups, establish revolutionary power, and continuously expand revolutionary base areas. The troops should apply the party's line, principles, and policies to do a good job in propaganda, mobilization, organization, and arming the masses. During the guerrilla war in southwest Jiangxi, he and political commissar Chen Yi jointly issued the "Bulletin of the Headquarters of the Sixth Army of the Red Army", the main content of which was: "Accept the leadership of the Communist Party and strive for a civil rights revolution." Carry out armed guerrilla warfare and eliminate the landlords and gentry. Thorough distribution of land to poor peasants. Workers reduced their time and increased their capital to protect merchants' postal services. Abolish harsh taxes and miscellaneous taxes and unify progressive taxes. Overthrow imperialism and confiscate foreign merchant capital. Overthrow reactionary rule and realize the dictatorship of workers and peasants. This proclamation more comprehensively reflects Huang Gongluo's ideas and propositions on building revolutionary base areas.
Former residence of Huang Gongluo
Third, on the building of the people's army
It is necessary to use proletarian ideology to nurture the troops and cultivate the political consciousness and spirit of sacrifice of commanders and fighters. It is necessary to correctly handle the relationship between military work and political work, oppose a purely military viewpoint, respect political work cadres, and pay attention to strengthening the mass viewpoint and discipline of the troops. It is necessary to boldly use intellectuals and strengthen internal unity. In the red army units, we must vigorously strengthen the building of party organizations. Cadres and fighters must learn tactics, techniques, and use various weapons. It is necessary to overcome the guerrilla habits existing in the troops, formulate regulations on internal affairs, discipline, and other aspects, as well as regulations on combat operations, in light of the actual conditions of the troops, and rectify and train the troops accordingly. It is necessary to attach importance to helping localities build mass armed forces and lay the foundation for the development and growth of the Red Army.
Fourth, on the strategy and tactics of the Red Army
The Red Army must strike at the enemy with flexible and mobile strategies and tactics. In guerrilla warfare, in order to smash the enemy's "advance and suppression," the troops and the Red Guards should adopt tactics such as breaking into pieces, going out day and night, gathering the enemy and scattering, the enemy scattering and gathering, avoiding the real and making a false attack, and attacking the west with sound, and actively attacking the enemy. When the enemy makes a large-scale attack, the main force of the Red Army should covertly copy behind the enemy's back and attack the enemy's headquarters; when the enemy is stationed, send guerrillas to harass the enemy and make the enemy tired of coping; when the enemy moves in small groups, the concentrated main force is suddenly annihilated.
Huang Gongluo's military thinking played a certain role in the formation of Mao Zedong's military thought and in the creation and development of the Central Soviet Region during the period of the agrarian revolutionary war; it played an important guiding role in the construction of the troops mainly under his leadership and in the victory of operations.