In his later years, Peng Dehuai wrote a self-description reviewing his life, and many of the books mentioned his own friend, Huang Gongluo, who was named one of the 36 military experts of the Ccp. The book details an event that most likely affected their relationship.
After crushing the enemy's second encirclement and suppression, the headquarters of the Red Third Army led by Peng Dehuai moved to the Lichuan area of Jiangxi to do mass work. One day, a man named Huang Meizhuang called in the troops, claiming to be the eldest brother of Huang Gongluo, the commander of the Red 3 Army, and asked to see Peng Dehuai.
Because of Huang Gongluo's relationship, Peng Dehuai had met Huang Meizhuang several times and knew each other. Peng Dehuai asked the guards to take the people to the regimental headquarters, and after confirming that it was Huang Meizhuang, he warmly entertained them, but eventually ordered Huang Meizhuang to be executed.
Why did Peng Dehuai execute his friend's eldest brother? What is Huang Gongluo's attitude towards this? This matter should start with Huang Gongluo.
Huang Gongluo
Huang Gongluo was born in 1898 in Xiangxiang, Hunan Province, the son of a late Qing Dynasty Xiucai, who made a living teaching private schools. Huang Gongluo studied with his father since childhood, and after graduating from high school, he inherited his father's business and taught private schools in his hometown.
Huang Gongluo grew up in a turbulent era, experienced the Xinhai Revolution, and witnessed Yuan Shikai stealing the fruits of the revolution and acting perversely. At that time, the great powers continued to invade China, which brought deep disasters to the Chinese people. These social chaos made him firmly determined to save the country.
After teaching private school for a year, Huang Gongluo's father died of illness, and he proposed to his half-brother Huang Meizhuang that he wanted to go out and break in. Huang Gongluo, the chief of Huangmeizhuang, is in his 20s, and usually disciplines Huang Gongluo with a parental posture, and he is very unhappy after hearing that Huang Gongluo wants to go out.
Huang Meizhuang said: "At present, the family is in financial difficulties, and there is no one to take care of it, you can't earn a few dollars by teaching private schools, so it is better to farm at an anxin home." The two brothers quarreled, and at the end of the year, Huang Gongluo ran away from home.
In 1916, at the age of 18, Huang Gongluo joined the Xiang Army. Because of his understanding of culture, he was highly regarded by the battalion commander, and was transferred to the battalion headquarters as a clerk, and soon after he was transferred to the temporary training team held by the regimental headquarters to teach Chinese.
At one time, a trainee named Peng Dehua wrote two articles with great insight, which impressed Huang Gong slightly, and he recommended this person to the battalion commander and the regiment commander. Peng Dehua's own skills are excellent, and after receiving recommendations, he has been continuously promoted, and his official position is always above Huang Gongluo. When he was a company commander, Huang Gongliu was a platoon commander, when he was a battalion commander, Huang Gongluo was a company commander...
Huang Gongluo looked like a weak scholar, while Peng Dehua was five years old and three thick, and he didn't look at it. But the two have similar interests and form a life-and-death relationship. As the two men deepened their understanding of the warlord forces, they deeply felt that only by transforming the troops could the revolution have a way out.
They gradually organized a group of progressive intellectual youth and established the "Poverty Relief Society" with Peng Dehuai and Huang Gongluo as the core, with the initial purpose of helping the oppressed poor.
Peng Dehua had a strong personality, and when he was a company commander, he heard the complaints of the local poor people. There is a local bully named Ou Shengqin, who arbitrarily oppresses the people on weekdays and does no evil. Peng Dehua was furious and ordered several soldiers of the "Poor Relief Society" to execute him.
Unexpectedly, Ou Shengqin had an older brother who was a senator in the provincial capital and filed a complaint with the Overseer. The Overseer ordered Peng Dehua to be arrested, and on the way to the regimental headquarters, several soldiers felt deep sympathy for Peng Dehua and quietly released him. After Peng Dehua escaped from danger, he hated the warlord melee and could only go home to farm.
In the autumn of 1922, Huang Gongluo planned to apply for the Hunan Army Lecture Hall and invited Peng Dehua to apply for the examination together, but Peng hesitated. It wasn't until Huang Gongluo sent someone to persuade him in person that he agreed. They were successfully admitted to the Lecture Hall, and after graduation, they returned to the original unit, at which time Peng Dehua changed his name to Peng Dehuai.
Peng Dehuai during the Red Army period
In 1926, it was the eve of the Northern Expedition. Tang Shengzhi, the former commander of the 4th Division of the Xiang Army, intended to defect to the National Revolutionary Army and used the power of the Gui clan to drive out the governor Zhao Hengti, who was supported by the warlords of his immediate lineage. After that, the Xiang Army was reorganized into the 8th Army of the National Revolutionary Army and participated in the Northern Expedition.
In the campaign against Wuchang, the Northern Expeditionary Army could not be attacked for a long time. During the fourth siege of the city, Huang Gongluo, who served as the company commander, led the whole company to climb the wall of Binyang Gate and blow up the defenders' machine guns. Because of his bravery in battle, he was promoted to major after the war.
At this time, the senior class of the Whampoa Military Academy was recruiting young generals in the army, and with the approval of the superiors, Huang Gongliu applied for the examination and was admitted. At the military academy, Huang Gongluo was influenced by the Communists, further studied Marxism-Leninism, and began to firmly support the Communist Party line.
On April 12, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai, and the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party broke down. It was the lowest tide of the revolution, and once the underground party members were exposed, they risked being killed, but Huang Gongluo resolutely applied to join the party and became a party member at this time.
When he was about to graduate, Peng Dehuai, who had already served as the head of the regiment, wrote a letter asking Huang Gongluo to serve as vice principal of the camp school founded by the regiment. At that time, the organization just wanted to send him to the warlord's troops to carry out military movement work, and Huang Gongluo returned to the original unit.
As soon as Huang Gongluo returned, Peng Dehuai organized a secret meeting of several members of the "Poverty Relief Society." The statutes of the camp schools are being discussed, including the phrase "Down with the new warlords".
Huang Gongluo and Peng Dehuai and others were separated for more than a year, and they did not understand their respective developments, plus Peng was not yet a party member at that time, and Huang Ji came to his heart and wanted to test him. Deliberately asked, "Who is the new warlord?" ”
Peng Dehuai felt very confused, this question even the backward division commander Zhou Pan knew, Huang Gong omi went to Huangpu to study for a year, did he change his mind? He said bluntly, "Of course it's Old Jiang!" ”
Huang Gongluo still pretended to be confused and said: "Our principal has always followed the will of the premier..." He said three "our principals" in one breath.
Peng Dehuai, who was born with a straight nature, shouted angrily: "Good you Huang Gongluo, in the past you said what you wanted to do to the revolution, but now it is the opposite, right?" ”
Since the meeting had already discussed many secrets, one member of the group took a towel and put it around Huang Gongluo's neck and strangled it hard. Huang Gongluo was so strangled that he could not speak, and could only keep stomping his right leg and pointing at the soles of his shoes. Fortunately, the attentive Deng Ping noticed Huang Gongluo's abnormal behavior, immediately stopped, and then removed a letter of introduction from the sole of his shoe.
Peng Dehuai was shocked after reading it, and said with some embarrassment: "GongLuo, what are you doing here, making such a big joke?" ”
Huang Gong said indignantly: "You are now the regimental commander, who knows whether you are a real revolution or a fake revolution." ”
After this temptation, the revolutionary ideals of the two men were tested, and their feelings became stronger.
Huang Gongluo's early rong costume photo
On July 18, 1928, a sudden accident occurred, and the underground organization's residence in Changsha was seized by the enemy, and they found a permit issued by the camp school to the underground organization to buy mimeograph machines. As soon as the division commander Zhou Pan saw it, he recognized Huang Gongluo's handwriting and immediately sent a telegram to deputy division commander Li Huigen through the Post and Telecommunications Bureau to ask him to arrest Huang Gongluo and others.
It just so happened that Chen Yucheng, the attendant next to him, was an underground party member, and he sent the situation to Peng Dehuai via an urgent telegram. Peng Dehuai was shocked to hear the news, and while sending people to the Post and Telecommunications Bureau to intercept the telegram sent by Zhou Pan, he also consulted with Teng Daiyuan, commissioner of the Hunan Provincial CPC Committee.
They decided to launch an armed uprising on the 22nd and establish the Red 5th Army, which is the famous "Pingjiang Uprising" in history. After the Pingjiang Uprising, Peng Dehuai served as the commander of the Red 5th Army, and Huang Gongluo served as a committee member. Together with Peng Dehuai and others, he led the opening up of the Xiang'e-Gansu District, and the local people called the rebel troops the "Penghuang Red Army".
The Pingjiang uprising caused panic among the enemy troops, and large troops were constantly mobilized to "suppress the meeting." The Fifth Red Army suffered some losses during the battle, and the lack of a stable rear base made it impossible to supply supplies stably or to place the wounded. Peng Dehuai proposed to lead the main force to Jinggangshan to meet the Red 4th Army led by Mao Zedong, and the troops led by Huang Gongluo were still fighting guerrillas in the same place to contain the enemy army.
Faced with an extremely difficult environment, Huang Gongluo resolutely took up the heavy burden. Using flexible guerrilla tactics, he constantly repelled enemy sieges, while also launching mass movements in the base areas. Not only did more than 10 Soviet regimes be established, but the army also grew to more than two thousand.
In August 1929, Peng Dehuai led the 6th Column of the Red Fourth Army back to the Xiang'e-Gansu Border Region to meet with Huang Gongluo's division, and the troops were merged into the Red 5th Army, with Huang Gongluo as deputy commander. Later, the Red 6 Army was established, and Huang Gongluo became the commander of the Red 6 Army (when the Red 1 Army was established, the Red 6 Army was reorganized into the Red 3 Army).
In October 1930, Chiang Kai-shek mobilized 100,000 heavy troops to carry out the first "encirclement and suppression" of the central revolutionary base areas. The Red Army adopted the strategy of "luring the enemy deeper" and always led the enemy in circles in the base area in search of fighters. In the Battle of Longgang, Huang Gongluo led the Red 3rd Army as the main force to defeat the enemy army and captured the enemy lieutenant general Zhang Huizhen alive. Chairman Mao deliberately filled in the words:
Wanmu Frost was red in the sky, and the Heavenly Soldier was angry. The fog was full of Longgang Qianling, and in unison, Zhang Huizhen was caught in front of him.
After the failure of the first "encirclement and suppression", Lao Jiang was still not satisfied, and in April 1931, he mobilized another 200,000 troops to carry out the second "encirclement and suppression". Huang Gongluo led the Red Third Army to ambush the enemy 28th Division on an extremely steep pass south of Baiyun Mountain, annihilating most of it. The enemy division commander Gong Bingfan was captured, and then pretended to be a brother-in-law to escape.
Pingjiang Uprising
Chairman Mao was overjoyed after hearing the news, and filled in another poem: The head of Baiyun Mountain is about to stand up, and the call under Baiyun Mountain is urgent. Dead wood decayed plants worked hard, guns were forced, and the flying general was heavy into the air. Since then, Huang Gongluo has been known as "Flying General".
Two times in succession, the enemy's encirclement and suppression were smashed, and Huang Gongluo's name made the enemy extremely panicked. Old Jiang saw that he could not do it, so he began to play tricks, trying to lure Huang Gongluo down as the principal and provoke the division of the Red Army.
During the second "encirclement and suppression" period, Lao Jiang sent people to arrest Huang Gongluo's mother and wife in Changsha and take them as hostages. At the same time, it was also rumored that Peng Dehuai and Huang Gongluo were ready to surrender, and it was Huang who sent his mother and wife to Changsha.
A distant relative of Huang Gongluo was Huang Hanxiang, who had accompanied Sun Yat-sen in the revolution and later defected to the warlord Wu Peifu. After Wu fell, he lived idly at home. Lao Jiang appointed him as a lieutenant general Xuanfu envoy, stationed in Nanchang, and specially entrusted him with the task of recruiting Huang Gongluo.
Huang Hanxiang also found Huang Gongluo's eldest brother Huang Meizhuang and appointed him as a major general, in an attempt to use his family affection to win over Huang Gongluo. Peng Dehuai has a detailed description of Huang Meizhuang in his self-statement:
Huang Meizhuang is a college student, Huang Gongluo's eldest brother, born of the eldest wife, more than twenty years older than Gongluo, and looks like Gongluo's father. He mistreated gongluo, did not give gongliu money to go to college, and despised gongluo's mother even more.
At that time, Peng Dehuai's army headquarters was in Lichuan, and Huang Gongluo was carrying out a campaign to expand the red in Nanfeng. Huang Meizhuang originally wanted to go directly to Nanfeng to find Huang Gongluo, but after hearing that the Nanfeng area was fighting, the security guards were afraid of death and did not want to go. Huang Meizhuang then came to Peng Dehuai's headquarters and wanted him to send someone to escort him to Nanfeng.
Before this, Peng Dehuai had seen from the newspaper that old Jiang had appointed Huang Hanxiang as a lieutenant general Xuanfu envoy, and he also had some understanding of Huang Meizhuang's bad deeds. When he learned that Huang Meizhuang had suddenly come to find Huang Gongluo, he knew that he was not at ease. But if you think about it, there is no ironclad evidence that it is not easy to deal with.
Peng Dehuai knew that Huangmeizhuang was drunk as much as his life, specially prepared a rich lunch, and took out the "bamboo leaf green" to warmly entertain Huangmeizhuang. During the banquet, Peng Dehuai continued to toast, and pretended not to drink, saying: "You drink like a sea, I drink half a cup, how about you drink a cup?" ”
Huang Meizhuang knew that Peng Dehuai did not drink, so he wanted to get drunk to inquire about intelligence, but in fact, Peng Dehuai could drink but he was usually reluctant to drink. Huang Meizhuang raised his wine glass and drank a cup of wine, and said: "I drink two cups, how about you drink one cup?" ”
Subsequently, Peng Dehuai drank 3 cups, and Huang Meizhuang drank 6 cups, and the drunkenness was already obvious. He sighed, "Your Red Army's forces have developed really fast recently!" ”
Peng Dehuai also pretended to be drunk and replied: "No, there are only 30,000 people on the Gongluo side, and I am only 50,000 people." ”
Red Army in Battle (Stills)
Huang Meizhuang saw Peng Dehuai reveal the number of troops, and then raised his wine glass and drank a few cups with Peng. Peng Dehuai hit the iron while it was hot and said, "Brother Mei will have something important to do when he ventures here to find Gongluo, I have the same affection for Gongluo, and if there are good things, don't forget me." ”
At this time, Huang Meizhuang was already half drunk, and he even pushed and said, "Don't dare, don't dare!" ”
Peng Dehuai then said, "We only have tens of thousands of people, what can we make up?" ”
Huang Meizhuang finally did not stop his mouth and said, "Commander-in-chief, Commander-in-Chief, Gong Luo used to be a military commander!" ”
Peng Dehuai heard Huang Meizhuang begin to show the fox's tail, and deliberately provoked him: "This is your own imagination, how can you guarantee it?" ”
Huang Meizhuang hurriedly replied, "No, both the chairman of the committee and Huang Hanxiang have letters to the public strategy!" ”
At that time, Huang Meizhuang was already talking a little upside down, and after drinking a few cups, he asked someone to cut open the leather bag he was carrying and take out the letter written to Huang Gongluo from the sandwich. Peng Dehuai took a look at it, and sure enough, it was a letter of abduction written by Old Jiang and Huang Hanxiang to Huang Gongluo.
Immediately, Peng Dehuai asked someone to arrange for Huang Meizhuang, who was already drunk, to rest first, and he sent a telegram to report Chairman Mao and Zhu De. Chairman Mao was well aware of Huang Gongluo's loyalty to the Party, and when dealing with this matter, he did not carry his back, but instructed: "Comrade Gongluo himself should handle this question!" Subsequently, the General Staff Sent a Telegram to Huang Gongluo, asking for his opinion on the handling of his brother.
When Huang Gongluo learned of this, he was both angry and bitter. Privately, Huang Meizhuang is his eldest brother, although he is not good to himself in ordinary days, but it is a contradiction within the family and can be resolved privately. Moreover, at that time, Huang Gongluo's mother and wife were still in the hands of the enemy, what if the enemy retaliated if he mishandled it?
Yu Gong and Huang Meizhuang not only prevented themselves from participating in the revolution, but were now willing to act as pawns of the enemy, which was related to the future of the revolution and loyalty to the organization, and there was no room for negotiation.
In the end, Huang Gong made up his mind, ignored his detained mother and wife, and wrote a letter to the central authorities saying that "one knife and two cuts, no remorse", requesting that Huang Meizhuang be executed.
After Receiving instructions from the central authorities, Peng Dehuai conducted a public trial of Huang Meizhuang and executed him. He also asked the people who came with him to take Huang Meizhuang's head to see Old Jiang, completely breaking his illusions.
Why didn't Peng Dehuai directly inform Huang Gongluo of this? It is said that Peng is always a rough person, but he handles this matter in a rough and detailed manner.
The first Peng Dehuai and Huang Gong had a slight personal friendship, but more of a revolutionary friendship. Even if the personal relationship is good, from the perspective of organizational purity, the two sides should not have a private "tacit understanding", which is a manifestation of observing organizational discipline.
Huang Gongluo Memorial Hall
Second, Peng Dehuai knew Huang Gongluo very well, understood that this matter would cause him to fall into pain, and even worried that he would make the wrong choice. So he'd rather risk a damaged friendship and deal with the matter himself. It reflects Peng Dehuai's honest feelings of thinking about his friends everywhere and not hesitating to recite his own name.
Afterwards, Huang Gongluo wrote to Peng Dehuai, agreeing with his handling method, and the two still maintained a very deep friendship. Afterwards, the General Headquarters of the Red Army also issued a notice on this matter, and Huang Gongluo's feat of killing his relatives in a big way deeply touched the officers and men of the Red Army. The ministries took advantage of this incident to educate the soldiers politically, and the enemy's plot to disintegrate our army from within was completely smashed.
However, on September 15, 1931, Huang Gongluo was bombed by enemy aircraft on the way to command the troops, and was shot heroically and died. After Peng Dehuai heard the news, he was extremely sad and sleepless for several days.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Kuomintang and the Communists began to cooperate again, and the central government sent people to Hunan many times to find Huang Gongluo's wife and daughter. Huang Gongluo's wife found Xu Teli after receiving the news and thanked the central government, but she hoped to take care of her mother-in-law at home and refused the arrangement to go to Yan'an.
In August 1949, Hunan was peacefully liberated. Peng Dehuai specially called Zhong Wei, commander of the 49th Army, to find and protect Huang Gongluo's family, and then sent his nephew to Hunan to find Huang Gongluo's family. In the end, Huang Gongluo's wife and daughter were taken to Beijing and properly resettled. Peng Dehuai also often took a part of his salary to take care of their lives.
This past reveals the noble spirit of two revolutionaries: one is bright and upright, and discipline and principles are better than personal feelings. A firm believer who does not hesitate to express his frank heart at the expense of righteousness.
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