Shen Kuo (1031-1095), zi Cunzhong, Mengxi Zhangren, Hangzhou Qiantang people, Northern Song Dynasty scientists, politicians. In the eighth year of Jiayou (1063), he ascended to the throne, and successively served as the crown prince Zhongyun, the procurator Zhongshu ExecutionErate, the Tiju Si Tianjian, the Shiguan Reviewer, and the Third Division's envoy. During the reign of Emperor Shenzong, he participated in Wang Anshi's transformation of the Fa and brilliantly completed the task of sending envoys to the Liao State. In the third year of Yuan Feng (1080), he left Zhiyan Prefecture to defend against Western Xia. Two years later, he was implicated in the Battle of Yongle City, and was entrusted with the deputy envoy of the Junzhou regiment and resettled with the prefecture. In the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086), he migrated to Xiuzhou (present-day Jiaxing). In his later years, he moved to Mengxi Garden in Runzhou (present-day Zhenjiang). Shen Kuo is a model of ancient Chinese erudition and generalist, in astronomy, geography, geology, hydrology, meteorology, military, diplomacy, medicine, chemistry, music and other aspects of the achievements, has hand-painted "Shou Ling Tu", authored "Hun Yi Discussion", "Floating Discussion", "Jing Table Discussion", "Repair of the City French Treaty", "Bian zhou array method", "Five Sayings of Polder", "Wan Chun Wei Tu Ji", "Ling Yu Tu Copied", "Liang Fang", "Changxing Collection", "Mengxi Pen Talk" and other works, the most well-known of which is "Mengxi Pen Talk". This is a comprehensive note recording the natural science, technology, social and people's livelihood of ancient China, and was called "a milestone in the history of Chinese science and technology" and "the coordinates of the history of Chinese science" by Joseph Needham, an expert in the history of science and technology in Britain. Regarding the issue of the version of "Mengxi Pen Talk", although the previous research has been involved, it is relatively scattered. On the basis of previous research, this paper completes the sorting out of the relationship between the source and flow of the version of "Mengxi Pen Talk".
1 Original title and time of completion
Regarding the time of the writing of the "Mengxi Pen Talk", it is generally believed that Shen Kuo completed it after settling in The Mengxi Garden in Runzhou, as stated in the "General Catalogue of the Four Libraries": "Yuan Youchu, (including) the road through Jingkou, the land bought, that is, the place where the dream was traveled, and the room was built, known as 'Dream Creek'. It is the book cover whose idle dwelling is the time to make it also. [1] However, according to Shen Kuo's "Mengxi Pen Talks and Self-Introduction", Yun: "If you retreat to the forest, live deep in the past, think of the daily and the guest speaker, and the time is in the pen, then if there is a meeting, Xiao Ran moves the day, and the person who talks with him is only the pen, which is called the "Pen Talk". [2] In the preface, Shen Kuo only refers to his book as "Pen Talk", and the word "Mengxi" does not appear. Similarly, in the second year of Qiandao (1166), the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Journal "Mengxi Pen Talk" Tang Xiunian said: "Seeking and rebuking the rest of the periodical Shen Gong's "Pen Talk" is for the benefit of the death of the people who are poor. [3], also known as "Pen Talk". Moreover, although the titles of the books on this book in the subsequent Song Dynasty bibliographies are different, they are not called "Mengxi Pen Talks", such as "Twenty-six Volumes of "Pen Talks" in "Junzhai Reading Records", "Twenty Volumes of Shen Cunzhong 'Pen Talks" by Zheng Qiao "Tongzhi Yiwenluo", and "Shen Chu Tang Bibliography" as "Shen's "Pen Talks" and Shen's "Continuation of Pen Talks"" until the "Zhizhai Book Records Solution" as "Twenty-six Volumes of Mengxi Pen Talks". However, in the "Song Shi Yiwen Zhi" compiled by Yuan Tuo and others, he also wrote "Shen Kuo's "Pen Talk" Twenty-five Volumes". Therefore, the Qing dynasty Zhou Zhongfu speculated: "Chao and Tongzhi and Song Zhi have no word 'Mengxi', and they are covered by Wen'er." [4] The author thinks that it seems unreasonable to simply be for the sake of "provincial text", because the subsequent bibliographies basically have the word "Mengxi". The word "Mengxi" should have been added by later book engravers, which is the number that the carver honored Shen Kuo in a third-person tone, rather than referring to the place where the book was created. Because the "Reading Records of Gunzhai" was written earlier than the "Zhizhai Book Record Solution", indicating that at least in the early Southern Song Dynasty, the original name of this book should be "Pen Talk".
The Mengxi Pen Talk was written roughly between the first year of the Yuan Dynasty (1086) and the sixth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1091), on the grounds that Article 354 of the Pen Talks refers to Song Shenzong as the "First Emperor", which shows that the book was written during the song Zhezong period. The "Supplementary Writing Talk" abolished the leap calendar theory that "the first year of the Yuan Yu was used as the method", indicating that some of the contents written in the first year of the Yuan Yu yuan were written. According to Hu Daojing's Chronology of Shen Kuo's Deeds, Shen Kuo was infected with an illness in the sixth year of Yuan You, and his illness became more and more serious the following year, and he had no energy to engage in writing. And in what year did Shen Kuo move into Runzhou Mengxi Park? Shen Kuo was demoted in the fifth year of Yuanfeng (1082), "Yuan Youchu, Migrating Xiuzhou, followed by Guanglu Shaoqing, Sub-Division (下出 "Nanjing"). JurunZhou died in the eighth year, at the age of sixty-five. [5] According to Hu Daojing, Shen Kuo died in the second year of Shaosheng (1095), so it can be inferred that Shen Kuo moved to Runzhou around the third year of Yuan You (1088). Therefore, from the perspective of the change of the place of creation, the writing of "Mengxi Pen Talk" roughly went through two stages: one was written in Xiuzhou between the first year of YuanYou (1086) and the third year of Yuanyou (1088), and the second was written in Runzhou between the third year of Yuanyou (1088) and the sixth year of Yuanyou (1091). That is to say, the book was not entirely written in Runzhou Mengxi Garden, which also confirms the reason why Shen Kuo did not call himself "Mengxi Pen Talk".
2 Generations of versions circulating
The current popular version of "Mengxi Pen Talk" includes three parts: "Pen Talk", "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk". The book is divided into seventeen subjects, and there are several entries under each subject, which are "stories, dialectics, music laws, elephant numbers, personnel affairs, official politics, quanzhi, art and literature, calligraphy and painting, techniques, instruments, magic, strange things, fallacies, ridicule, magazines, and medicine discussions". However, the book was not originally supplemented, and the "Supplementary Writing Talk" and "Continuation Talk" were added by later generations. Judging from the bibliographies and prefaces of the past dynasties, there are two main version systems of the Mengxi Pen Talk in history: one is only the twenty-six volumes of the "Pen Talk"; the other is the version system of the twenty-six volumes of the "Pen Talk" and the "Supplementary Pen Talk" and the "Continuation of the Pen Talk". In addition, there are twenty volumes of "Pen Talk", twenty-five volumes of "Pen Talk", and thirty volumes of "Pen Talk" with "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation of Pen Talk" and many other versions.
2.1 Twenty-six volumes of Mengxi Pen Talk
(1) Song Yangzhou Minister Library Engraving. The book is now lost, the specifics are unknown, and its existence can only be known from the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Journal Ben Tang Xiunian in the second year of Qiandao (1166). Tang Bao said: "This book has a public treasury, often traded to charge the county, not as good as the school, now and now, it is thinner than itself and then in the world, and the sages are far away." [6] Under the circumstances at the time, it was normal for the minister's treasury to increase local revenue by engraving and selling books. At the same time, Tang Xiunian also said that he was "the age of the Pan Palace, the office of preparing the school book, carefully understanding its end, whoever proves the falsity of the fifty words of the fan, the doubter has no other book, does not dare to take the easy, to preserve the old, in order to be a good old gentleman"[7], the "old one" mentioned here, that is, the "old treasury" mentioned earlier. In addition, the "Reading Chronicle of Junzhai" is a compilation of "Twenty-six Volumes of "Pen Talk"" and the "Reading Chronicle of Junzhai" was written during the Shaoxing period, earlier than the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Engraving in the second year of Qiandao. From this, it can be speculated that the "Pen Talk" seen by Chao Gongwu is most likely an earlier engraving than the Yangzhou Gongku ben. This shows from the side that "Pen Talk" has been engraved for a long time.
(2) Song Qiandao's second year (1166) Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Journal. This book is the ancestor of many later editions, Wang Cheng's "Yangzhou Carved Book Examination" contains its "half page twelve lines, eighteen characters, white mouth, left and right sides", but also said that "Yangzhou carved book is the earliest engraving of this book" [8], I am afraid that it is wrong, because there have been Yangzhou Minister Library engravings or even earlier books passed down. Regarding the number of volumes of this book, the Zhizhai Shulu Jiezhi is recorded in twenty-six volumes, and the Junzai Reading Chronicle is also recorded in twenty-six volumes, indicating that the content of the "Pen Talk" is "Fan Seventeen Eyes"[9], which is consistent with the seventeen-discipline version in common today. It is worth mentioning that neither of the above two bibliographies mentions the content of the "Supplementary Pen Talk" or the "Continuation Talk", and Tang Xiunian's trek does not explain the situation of merging volumes. Therefore, the early engraving of the Pen Talk is likely to have only twenty-six volumes.
(3) In the ninth year of Yuan Dade (1305), Chen Renzi Dongshan Academy carved. This is the earliest surviving inscription of the Pen Talk, which is in the National Library (see Figure 1). The book has ten lines and seventeen characters, unilateral white mouth, and extremely exquisite portrayal, which is the best basis for YuanZhu. There is the Shen Kuo self-order, followed by the Chen clan order, the title of "Dade Yi Shu Chun Cha Ling Ancient Roundabout Chen Renzi Published in Dongshan Academy and Sequence", and then there is Qiandao Second June 2 Zuo Di Gong Lang Chong Yangzhou Prefecture Professor Tang Xiu Nian Bao, and then the catalog, after the catalog there are double line card Record Yun "Chaling Dongshan Academy Publication" eight characters. The book was once hidden in the palace of the Yuan Dynasty, and in the Ming Dynasty it was collected in the Wenyuan Pavilion, with the Ming "East Palace Library" Nine Stacks of Wen Da Seal and the "Wenyuan Pavilion Seal"; the Qing Dynasty was collected by the Songjiang Han clan, and later collected by the bibliophile Chen Chengzhong. The volume is consistent with the Song Qiandao ben in terms of volume number, such as Chen Xuyun: "Wu Xing Shen Cunzhong Expo Ancient and Modern ... He is the author of "Pen Talk" in twenty-six volumes. [10] It can be said that the Yuan Da De Ben was basically re-engraved according to the book of the second year of the Qiandao.
Figure 1 The Ninth Year of Yuan Dade (1305)
Chen Renzi Dongshan Academy engraving "Mengxi Pen Talk"
(4) The eighth year of Ming Hongzhi (1495) Xu Hun engraving. According to Qu Mianliang's "Dictionary of Ancient Chinese Editions", Xu Hunzi Xinzhi, a native of Jiangning County, Ying Tianfu, was a jinshi in the third year of Hongzhi (1490), and served as a political envoy of Huarong Ling and Zhejiang Province. This book is in the collection of the Shanghai Library, the line is eleven lines and two crosses, and Xu Hu wrote "Pen Talk Afterword". Preface Yun: "Huan Cheng lacks Hua Rong, his father and uncle Xian You Gong's old collection of records, on the verge of practicing empowerment, and entrusted to Yu Zi, so that scholars can seek ... The old text is many different, the previous order has been reached, and the old book is still old, and the reader should know what he has chosen. [11] The "old book" here refers to the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Inscription of the Second Year of Qiandao, and the "Preface" should refer to the text written by Tang Xiunian. The Bibliography of the Tibetan Garden's Zhijian Biography has a bibliography of the book: "Hongzhi Yi Yi Huarong County Zhixian Xu Jue Publication, every half leaf eleven lines, line twelve characters. It also comes out of the dry road. ”[12]
(5) The 30th year of the Ming Dynasty (1602) Shen Jingzhuo engraved the book. Shen Jingzhi (沈敬炌字叔永), courtesy name Taiyuan (泰垣), a descendant of Shen Kuo, a native of Gui'an, Zhejiang, was a scholar in the seventeenth year of the Wanli Dynasty (1589). Shen Jingxuan: "Then he gave out the rare books he had hidden, and taught the disciples Sun Shengchang to study them in order to pay for it." Gai Sun Sheng is known as Boya and can distinguish between hai and fengyun. [13] This copy is proofread on the basis of the yuan ben. The Yenching Library of Harvard University has this book, "half a page, ten lines and two crosses, surrounded by bilateral, white mouth, single fish tail." The frame is 19.9 cm high and 13.5 cm wide"[14], with the inscription "Shen Kuo Cun Zhongshu" (see Figure 2), preceded by the 30th year of the Wanli Dynasty Shen Jingzhuo, as well as the 9th year of Dade (1305) Chen Renzi and the 2nd year of Qiandao (1166) Tang Xiunian. This book is based on the Chen Dongshan Academy, so it is in the same line as the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Book.
Figure 2 Thirty Years of the Ming Dynasty (1602)
Shen Jingzhuo's engraving of "Mengxi Pen Talk"
(6) Ming Maojin's "Jin Arrest Secretary" book. The fifteenth episode of The Large Series of Books "Secretary of Jin" compiled and engraved by Mao Jin contains twenty-six volumes of "Mengxi Pen Talk", and there is no content of "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Pen Talk". The book is nine lines and nineteen characters, left and right bilateral, white mouth. Mao Jin wrote two inscriptions for it, but did not specify the source of the original. After the main text of the "Pen Talk", the lower two characters are followed by two inscriptions by Tang Xiunian and Mao Jin in the second year of Qiandao, and it can be seen that the "Secretary of Jinjiao" was also re-engraved on the basis of the Yangzhou Prefecture Academic Engraving of the Second Year of Qiandao. The National Diet Library of Japan has digitized the collection of "Secretary of Tsujang", and Figure 3 shows us the "Secretary of Tsujang" copy of "Mengxi Pen Talk".
Figure 3 "Jin's Arrest of the Secretary" "Mengxi Pen Talk"
(7) In the fifth year of the Republic of China (1916), Guichi Liu Shiheng Yuhai Hall was engraved, and in the twenty-third year of the Republic of China (1934), Han Fenlou photocopied the Ming Covered Song Ben. Both versions are derived from the Yangzhou Prefecture School Inscription in the second year of the Ming Dynasty and the Song Dynasty. The former was followed by a volume of Wang Bing'en's school character record; the latter was included in the sequel to the "Four Series", with the title "Mengxi Pen Talk twenty-six volumes with a volume of proofreading survey records", which was written by Zhang Yuanji. The "Four Series" Ben Baoyun: "This is the annual journal of Tang Xiu, a professor of Yangzhou Zhouxue in the second year of the Ming Dynasty. [15] It is worth noting that the Ming Dynasty engraving of the Song Ben "Mengxi Pen Talk" was often mistakenly recorded as the Song Ben in the bibliographies of the Qing Dynasty. For example, in the twenty-six-volume Mengxi Pen Talk that Fu Zengxiang saw, there are "Ming translations of the Song Ben, twelve lines and eighteen characters, white mouth, left and right double columns... Press: This book is called song periodical, and Dong Shoujing thought that the Ming periodical turned over the Song. Yu guan's knife style font is also suspicious. "Fu Shi also saw a twenty-six-volume version of the Mengxi Pen Talks, twelve lines and eighteen characters, a thin black mouth, and two columns on the left and right in the Jingjiatang Bunko library in Japan," the book Lu Xinyuan titled Song Ben. It is judged by the font knife method and decided to be published in the future. Yu had seen a man in wenyou hall in Changshi City, and there was also a man in Wu County's Pan's Huan Xi Zhai. ”[16]
2.2 Twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" with "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk"
"Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk" did not exist at the beginning, but appeared one after another after the "Pen Talk" was published. The earliest bibliographies of "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Of Pen Talk" were "Wenyuange Bibliography" and "SuiChutang Bibliography", respectively. The former is a "supplementary pen talk", which has no continuation; the latter is a "Shen's continuation of the pen talk", which has no continuation. Later, there were also separate publications of "Supplementary Pen Talks", such as the "Baoyan Tang Secret Notes" compiled by Ming Chen Jiru, which was divided into five parts: "main collection, sequel, broad collection, general collection, and collection", of which "collection" contained "two volumes of Mengxi Supplementary Pen Talk" and did not have "pen talk"; the nineteen kinds of "Ziyu" to which the "Tang and Song Series" compiled by Zhong Renjie and Zhang Suichen at the end of the Ming Dynasty belonged were only included in "Supplementary Pen Talk". In the Ming Dynasty, the engravers first engraved the "Pen Talk", "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Of The Pen Talk", and gradually formed the version form of the "Mengxi Pen Talk" that is now common.
(1) Ming Wanli Shang Mao's "Barnyard Sea" version. The "Barnyard Sea" is from the Ming Hongzhi Xu Jue Ben, Wang Guowei Zeng School "Mengxi Pen Talk", "In August of Xinhai, see Hongzhi Yi Jie Hua Rong Ling Xu Hun carved ben, also from the Qiandao Ben, the line is different, and ping and que are still the same, which is the original ancestor of the "Barnyard Sea". [17] Since Xu Juan's original is from the Qiandao Ben, the Barnyard Sea ben can also be regarded as a self-Qiandao Ben. The "Barnyard Sea" edition originally only published "Mengxi Pen Talk Twenty-six Volumes", and after the "Pen Talk", a volume of Song Zhang Bangqi's "Collection of The Small List of Waiters" was directly attached; the later printing version had "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk", which were respectively made "Supplementary Pen Talk One Volume Continuation Talk Eleven Articles".
(2) Ming Chongzhen's fourth year (1631) Jiading Mayuan tuning engraving. The title of the book is "Mengxi Pen Talks about Twenty-six Volumes of Supplementary Writing Talks about Three Volumes of Continuation Talk about One Volume", with two sequences before and after, and a preface to "Supplementary Pen Talk". Ma Yuantuo broke the original "Supplementary Writings" "each volume supplemented by the first question, and there are 'first few pieces' and 'middle' and 'after' distinctions", "stripped away the names of the first, middle and last pieces of the supplemented volumes, and engaged in the original seventeen items: the 'story' as stated, straight to the 'story'... The eyes are self-made, the compound is cut, the doubter is que, the three volumes are divided, and then it can be examined. [18] This book follows the Qiandao Ben inscription, "Ming Chongzhen Xin Wei Jia Ding Ma Xun Fu yuan transferred the Qiandao Yangzhou Ben, because he obeyed the original, wrote and engraved, and recompiled and supplemented the four volumes, and ordered it before the end." ”[19]
Here, I would like to explain the problem of the number of volumes brought about by the "Supplementary Writing Talk" and the "Continuation Talk". Ma Yuantuo wrote in the preface: "The "Supplementary Writing Talk" passed down by the world is a volume supplemented by the first question of each article. There are also the first few pieces and the middle and the back, such as the last ten pieces of the second volume, which seem to be created by the non-acquisition of posterity, and there is no doubt that it is the old version. The original book is twenty-six volumes, ten are not supplemented, and the rest are supplemented. Nowadays, with its book school examination, many are not in line with... And if the original book ends in twenty-six volumes, it is not known whether it is now supplemented by twenty-seven to thirty. [20] In this regard, the Compendium of the General Catalogue of the Siku Quanshu speculates: "It is suspected that the first thirty volumes of the original book, zheng qiao based on which to write, because of the lack of a stroke because of the lack of a stroke, so it mistakenly 'three' to 'two'. It was followed by a final edition, which was made to twenty-six volumes. In the second year of Qiandao, Tang Xiunian was engraved according to the school, which was quite perfect, and it has been inherited to this day. [21] Zhang Haipeng of the Qing Dynasty had a similar inference, and this inference was entirely possible. According to The Eighth Volume of Wang Peizhi's "Records of the Talks of Shui Shui Yan": "Xiuzhou Xiangfuyuan Monk Zhi and Chu Yi Guqin, Seser Wei Bi, Wen Xiao, Shi Wei Yi, exquisite production, sound rhyme Qingyue ... Shen Kuo's "Pen Talk" and Zhu Changwen's "History of the Qin" wrote this piano, that is, Xiangquan Ye, made by Li Mian, the Duke of Tang Xiangfeng. [22] This shows that Wang Peizhi had read the "Pen Talk" when he was writing the "Talks on The Water Swallows", and the "Talks on the Water Swallows" was written in the second year of Shao Sheng (1095), the same year as Shen Kuo's death, so it is very likely that the "Pen Talks" was published during Shen Kuo's lifetime. That is to say, there is still an unknown version of the "Pen Talk" before the Yangzhou Minister Kuben, and this version may be thirty volumes.
(3) In the tenth year of Qing Jiaqing (1805), Zhang Haipeng's "Xuejin Discussion on the Origin" was published. "Xuejin Discussion of the Original" is a series of books that Zhang Haipeng of the Qing Dynasty added, deleted, and re-edited according to Ming Maojin's "Jin's Arrest of Secretaries", including twenty-six volumes of "Mengxi Pen Talk", one volume of "Supplementary Pen Talk", and one volume of "Continuation Of Pen Talk". Zhang Haipeng Zhiyun: "The right pen talks about twenty-six volumes, and the original book of the ancients." The two kinds of supplements and continuations are added from the "Barnyard Sea". [23] It can be seen that the "Pen Talk" is based on the "Jin Arrest Secretary" version, and the "Supplementary Pen Talk" and the "Continuation Talk" are based on the "Barnyard Sea" version.
(4) Qing Guangxu Twenty-eight Years (1902) Daguan Tang Engraving. Daguan Tang's Yilan Hall is a famous engraving workshop in modern Shudi, which is on a par with the Weinan Yan's Pickaxe Hall. The plate records that "Daguan Tang Clan was published in Chengdu", and there are also the words "Guangxu Nongyin Winter In October according to Ma Ben Re-carved Heshang Mao Two Books of Daguan Tang Hongchang", the beginning of the volume has Ming Chongzhen four years (1631) Jiading Ma Yuan tuning order, followed by Mao Jinbao [24]. It can be seen that this book is based on the Ma Yuan's tuning book, and is proofread with the "Barnyard Sea" version and the "Jin Arrest Secretary" version. The Annotation of the Concise Catalogue of the Four Updated Libraries is bibliographic but not detailed.
(5) Thirty-second year of Qing Guangxu (1906) Panyu Tao's Ai Lu engraving. The Tianjin Library has 4 volumes of the 32nd Year of Guangxu (1906) Panyu Tao engraving, half page, eleven lines, twenty-one lines, black mouth, left and right sides. Tao Fuxiang wrote in the school's notes: "It is the book from Ma Tiaoyuan (should be "YuanTuo") republished in Chongzhen with the Song Qiandao Yangzhou Ben ... The engraving is based on the Ma clan and supplemented by the Jiguge School. [25] This edition is reprinted on the basis of Ma Yuan's tunes, and is the currently relatively complete book of Mengxi Pen Talk.
(6) The seventeenth year of the Republic of China (1928) Weinan Yan's publication. Yan Gusheng is a famous bibliophile, there is a bookstore Pickaxe Music Hall, and there is no shortage of fine books, including "Mengxi Pen Talk", which is written as "Twenty-six Volumes of Supplementary Pen Talk Three Volumes of Continuation Talk eleven", followed by a volume of Lin Sijin Supplementary School. The book is based on the Ma Yuan's tunes, and the "Barnyard Sea" and the "Jin's Secretary" are the school books. Baoyun: "Wuhu Shen Henong's Great Order often wants to engrave shen's series of books, and the "Pen Talk" is the first to be completed. Da Ling Xuan Xie Shi, its version belonged to his daughter-in-law, in order to capture the Tang clan of Daguan, and sold to the Jia people, and finally bought for Yu. Its original ancestor Ming Jia Ding Ma Yuan adjusted the text, and the "Barnyard Sea" and the KikokuGe main school. A volume of the Notes of the Song Qiandao Edition recorded by Yu You and the False Huayang Lin Shan Shu People was appended to the later. The plate records the cloud: "Wuhu Shen clan engraved version, later returned to the Daguan Tang clan, now to the Weinan Yan clan." In October, the people of Huayang Linshan Fushe used the Song Ben supplement to reprint the supplementary magazine. It can be seen that the Weinan Yan's periodical is actually derived from the Daguan Tang's periodical, and also from the Ma Yuan's tuning. Yan Shi added the content of Lin Sijin's proofreading at the time, saying that "the basis of the pen talk" should be regarded as the best." [26] In 1933, Yan Shiben was reprinted in Chengdu. The book frame is 14.1 cm high and 9.8 cm wide, and is now an important publication for academic research on the version of Mengxi Pen Talk. [27]
2.3 Thirty volumes of "Pen Talk" with "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk"
Fu Zengxiang's "Records of the Scriptures of the Tibetan Garden Group" has a record of "Mengxi Pen Talk Thirty Volumes Supplementary Pen Talk Three Volumes Of Continuation Talk Annex", which is an old manuscript, "the line is nine lines and eighteen characters, the title is four blocks low, and the second line is two blocks low." Song Zhen Que last pen. There are seals of 'Wuyan Louzang', 'Xu Shi Shou', 'Kun Qiong', and 'Receiving Tian'. Judging from its avoidance of the Song Dynasty, there are two possibilities for this manuscript, one is the old objects of the Song Dynasty (less likely); the other is that it is copied from the Song Ben and retains the original form of the Song Ben, so it is an older version. Judging from its Tibetan seal, the "Five Yan Lou", also known as the Five Research Building, was the library building of Yuan Tingzhuan in Wu County, Jiangsu Province during the Qing Dynasty. "Xu Shi Shou" was Xu Shuming, a Changsha native at the end of the Qing Dynasty; "Kun Qiong" was Lin Kunqiong, a native of Fuzhou, who was jingkui in the 30th year of Qianlong (1765), and served as "Zhi County, Chaling Prefecture, and Daozhou Zhizhou in Yichang County, Hunan"; "Received By Tian" was "Once Received Tian", a member of the Zeng Guofan clan. It can be seen from this that this thirty-volume old manuscript was handed over in the Hunan region in the middle and late Qing Dynasty, and Fu Zengxiang had seen it with his own eyes. It is worth mentioning that the "Records of the Books and Eyes of the Tibetan Garden Group" also recorded a minglanger manuscript "Mengxi Le tan". The book was written from Tianyi Pavilion, only one volume, entitled "Song Shen Kuo", eleven lines and twenty-two characters. I don't know what the relationship with "Pen Talk" is, but there is doubt for the time being.
In addition, between the thirty-volume edition and the twenty-six-volume "Pen Talk", there were also brief transitional twenty-volume and twenty-five volumes of "Pen Talk", as the Ming Ren Ma Yuantuo's "Preface to the Re-compilation of the Supplementary Pen Talk"" said: "The book of the Gaigu people, originally there is no fixed volume, that is, in the words of "Pen Talk": "Tong kao" twenty-six volumes, the present practitioner is the one who is doing it; the "History of Song" is twenty-five volumes; Zheng Qiao's "Tongzhi YiwenLuo" is twenty volumes. The division is not permanent, there is such a thing. The supplementary volumes passed down from the world are not in line with the Tongkao, and the volumes contained in the History of song and the Tongzhi are not transmitted today, and it is not known which supplement is. This is why I put pen pen and change it for more fixed also. ”[28]
2.4 Foreign versions of "Dream Creek Pen Talk"
As a classical scientific masterpiece, "Mengxi Pen Talk" has been valued by foreign scholars. In modern times, scholars from many countries have translated, published and studied it, and Japanese scholars have made considerable efforts in this regard. They not only translated the Mengxi Pen Talk into Japanese, but also typeset the work in wooden movable type. For example, at the end of the Edo shogunate (mid-nineteenth century), the Japanese Minjindo took Mao Jin's "Secretary of Tsujutsu" as the base and typeset the "Dream Creek Pen Talk" in wooden movable type according to its layout. The book is in the Kansai University Library and the Imperial Household Department (i.e., the Imperial Library of Japan), and both bibliographies record it as "Twenty-six Volumes of Mengxi Pen Talk, Written by Song Shen Kuo, and Ming Mao Jin Ding", and the line is still half a page of nine lines, two crosses, and the end of the volume is titled "Song Wu Men Shen Kuo Cun Zhongshu Ming Yu Shan Mao Jinzi Jin Ding", and this inscription has also become a symbol of the Jinzhi system.[29] The earliest Japanese edition of Yumeki Pen Talk was published in 1978 by the Tokyo PingfanSha and translated and annotated by more than 20 scholars, including Umehara Yu, and divided into three volumes and compiled into the Toyo Bunko series.
Several editions of the Mengxi Pen Talk, printed in China, are also collected in Japan. For example, the Jingjiatang Bunko Library contains the "Twenty-six Volumes of Mengxi Pen Talks", which is recorded in the Records of Japanese-Tibetan And Chinese Books as the first printed version of the Song Qiandao period. The first inscription of the book is "Mengxi Pen Talk Volume I", the second line is titled "Shen Kuo Cunzhong", and the three-line low four-character inscription is "Story One"; the volume contains the "Xu YuanfangYin" Baiwen Fangyin, the "Ji Shu Clan" Zhu WenfangYin, "Once at Li Lushan", "Chu Qing", "Danghu Xiaozhongshanguan HuShi Zhenjiang Collection" [30] and other Zhu Wen long seals. However, Lu Xinyuan wrote in the Yigu Tang Shuba: "Gai Ming was originally hidden by Shen Minze, and later returned to Xu Jishu, and Daoguang was obtained by Hu Yijiang"[31], which proves that this "Song Periodical" and the Jingjiatang Bunko Ben are the same collection, and are the original Shen Minze, Xu Jixuan, Hu Yijiang, Lu Xinyuan Song Lou and other Tibetan copies. As mentioned earlier, this is actually a Ming dynasty Song version. Yang Shoujing mentioned in the Japanese Visiting Book Chronicle of Song Qiandao's "Pen Talk" and the "Japanese-Tibetan-Chinese Book of Good Books" Yun: "The Qiandao Ben seen by Yang Shi is not the Collection of the Jingjiatang Bunko, and it is not known where it is scattered today. According to the "Bibliography of Shangjia Zailai", in the ninth year of the Taoyuan Emperor Bao calendar (1759), the Chinese merchant ship "Puzi" arrived in Japan one by one in the "Mengxi Pen Talk"; according to the "Outer Ship Book Yuan", in the twelfth year of Emperor Renxiao's Tenpo (1841), the Chinese merchant ship "Zi Sanban" (ship owner Zheng Xing) arrived in Japan with one part of the "Mengxi Pen Talk", and the price was twelve. [32] In addition to Japan, the Harvard Yenching Library in the United States also houses the Ming Wanli Shen Jingshu engraving.
3 Conclusion
So far, this article has sorted out the relationship between the sources and streams between the many versions of "Mengxi Pen Talk". Figure 4 shows the various versions of Dream Creek Pen Talk that appeared at different times by version category. Figure 5 reveals the relationship between the major versions of The Dream Creek Pen Talk. It can be seen that there are two main systems for the engraving of "Mengxi Pen Talk": one is the version system of the twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" with the Qiandao Ben as the ancestor; the other is the version system of the twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" with the twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" and "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Of Pen Talk" as the first version. In addition, there is also a thirty-volume "Pen Talk" with "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk", which was circulated to the end of the Qing Dynasty and the beginning of the People's Republic. At the time of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, the "Pen Talk" also appeared in the form of twenty volumes and twenty-five volumes. Among the existing inscriptions of the past dynasties, the Dongshan Academy of the Yuan Dynasty is the earliest, which is particularly precious and is called a rare book by posterity. However, Tang Xiunian has already explained that from the date of publication of "Pen Talk", there have been many mistakes. Although the twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" were published earlier and looked the oldest, from the perspective of content collation, the content of the book that appeared later with "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Talk" was more substantial, and there were many proofreadings. According to this point of view, the Ma Yuan tuning book, or the ma yuan tuning as the base for proofreading and engraving, is relatively better and more common. Therefore, in addition to the twenty-six volumes of "Pen Talk" engraved and printed in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the "Bibliography of Ancient Chinese Books" also includes the "Pen Talk" with the "Supplementary Pen Talk" and "Continuation Of The Pen Talk" that have been carefully proofread and annotated by later generations. Mr. Hu Daojing's "Mengxi Pen Talk On School Certificate" comprehensively examines the content of "Mengxi Pen Talk", followed by a chronology of Shen Kuo's deeds, a brief description of his writings, and the narrative of various editions of "Mengxi Pen Talk", which is an important reference material for a comprehensive study of Shen Kuo and "Mengxi Pen Talk".
Figure 4 The time when the various versions of "Dream Creek Pen Talk" appeared
Figure 5 The relationship between the main versions of "Mengxi Pen Talk"
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This paper is the research result of the Ministry of Education's philosophy and social science research major project "Collation and Research of Ancient Chinese Science and Technology Literature" (project number: 19JZD042), the original article was published in the Library, No. 4, 2019.
About the Author
Li Mingjie, born in 1971 in Fengcheng, Jiangxi, is currently a professor and doctoral supervisor at the School of Information Management of Wuhan University. His research interests include philology and the history of Chinese book culture. His major publications include Research on The Editions of the Song Dynasty (Qilu Book Society, 2006), Chinese Publishing History and Ancient Volumes (Hunan University Press, 2008), Research on the Copyright of Ancient Chinese Books (Social Science Literature Publishing House, 2013), Concise Ancient Books Sorting Course (Wuhan University Press, 2018), And Songs of The String Song of The Twilight Rain: Education in the Republic of China under the Lens of Sidney D. Gambo (1917-1932) (Wuhan University Press, 2019), and more than 70 academic papers.