Regarding the Song Dynasty, the evaluation at home and abroad is very different, the domestic focus is on the weakness of the Song Dynasty, and foreign countries emphasize the extraordinary civilization of the Song Dynasty, so there is a strange phenomenon of "blossoming inside the wall and incense outside the wall", or "domestic bad evaluation and foreign praise". Leaving aside these arguments, but the Song Dynasty was definitely one of the most adorable dynasties, and a popular custom is the envy of men today, of course, not because of fear of the inside (fear of wife), but as a matter of cause and effect.
According to the literature, in the Chinese dynasties, there are the most records about the Song Dynasty, and many of them are historical celebrities we are familiar with, which simply subverts our traditional cognition.
Shen Kuo, who wrote "Mengxi Pen Talk", the historical reputation went straight to Xiao Han, but when facing his second wife Zhang Shi, he was timid as a mouse, "Cunzhong (Shen Kuo) could not be controlled, when he was scolded, he fell to the ground, his children cried and picked it up, he had to have flesh and blood, and he mourned with him, and Zhang finally did not forgive", not to move his mouth, but to punch and kick and drag his beard, and dragged out Old Shen's beard and even the skin and flesh, and Old Shen did not dare to say anything, and his children cried bitterly when they saw it. Of course, Shen Kuo had a deep affection for Zhang Shi, and soon after Zhang Shi's death, Old Shen died depressed.
As for the "Hedong Lion" and "Rouge Tiger" that we are familiar with, they are also the deeds of the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's friend Chen Jichang has a Hedong lion at home, so much so that Su Shi laughed at Chen Jichang, "The Resident of Longqiu is also pitiful, and it is said that there is no sleep at night." I overheard the lion roaring in Hedong, and the staff fell into the palm of his hand in confusion." Rouge Tiger is about the deeds of Lu Shenyan in Zhixian County in the Song Dynasty, and his wife Zhu Shi is a Rouge Tiger, and the early Song Dynasty calligrapher Tao Zhen (g) records in the "Qing Yilu", "The daughter of the Zhu clan was miserable and cunning, and married Lu Shenyan as his wife." Cautious words Zai Wei clan, the government is not in themselves, the official language is called 'Rouge Tiger'", Lu Shenyan not only listens to his wife in family affairs, but also listens to political affairs, you see how afraid this man is afraid of his wife.
In the sketches of Chen Peisi and Zhu Shimao, there is such a sentence, that is, "You who can't imagine zhu Shimao, who looks like a grand man, will actually betray the revolution", which is almost the same meaning here, and I can't imagine that some historical celebrities who are bull forks are actually afraid of their wives.
Turning over the history of the Song Dynasty, you will find this spectacle, whether it is loyal or traitorous, the phenomenon of fear of the inside abounds, a group of old men who wield the fangs in the court, and even the sinister and cunning villains who murder heroes, when they return home, they are like "grandsons".
Wang Qinruo and Qin Ju, both of whom are traitors and villains, but they are both afraid of the inside. Qin Juniper was afraid of his wife, which is a deed we are familiar with, and the conspiracy to frame Yue Fei often consulted with his wife Wang, and if Wang Qin was afraid of his wife, he was little known. Wang Qinruo, the representative figure of the Lord and Sect during the Northern Song Dynasty, was twice a phase and one of the five ghosts. Once, Wang Ruoqin built a study in the backyard of his home, called "Three Fears Hall", and his colleagues quipped to him, "You still have a fourth fear!" Wang Qinruo asked, "What is it?" The colleague replied, "Mrs. Fear." "It becomes a joke.
In addition to the traitors, Zhou Bida, Xia Chen, Yan Shu, Lu You, and other loyal ministers who left their names in qing history were also notoriously fearful. Note that this is talking about the notorious fear of the inside, and the unknown fear of the inside is not yet known.
In short, the Song Dynasty men's fear of the inside is a common phenomenon, so the Northern Song Dynasty scholar Zeng Gong left such an exclamation: "The ancient women are all safe and keep to themselves, otherwise in the recent world (Song Dynasty), the women live in their own homes, have been in harmony with the car clothes, dazzling jewelry, generations gather to talk with extravagance, jealousy, negative valve nobles, unaged and marry, both marrying is contrary to deeds and better than sex, so that men and women, husbands succumb to women, regardless of the support of uncles and aunts, displeased with each other, they commit crimes and straight, and their good people can not try to blame their wives, and they cannot but look back at their relatives, and there are few." There is a lot of information revealed in this sentence, indicating that women in the Song Dynasty have a high status, live a very free life, and generally pursue pleasures, and what is relevant to this article is "making men and women, husbands succumbing to women", a typical fear of internal dynasties.
Speaking of this, it is inevitable to wonder, why are song dynasty men afraid of the inside? In feudal society, men were superior to women, and how did they reach the Song Dynasty but were reversed. When Wu Zetian was in the Tang Dynasty, he still had a positive image, but when he reached Sima Guang's pen, he became a jiji Sichen and was extremely criticized, focusing on the fact that Wu Zetian was a woman. Judging from the encounter with Wu Zetian, the Confucian Daxing of the Song Dynasty should be a standard male superiority and female inferiority society!
That being said, let us not forget that the truth of the status of the families of men and women lies not in rhetoric, but in the economic base. Unlike previous dynasties, the Song Dynasty popularized thick marriages.
Qin Juniper's wife Wang Clan dowry has 200,000 yuan, equivalent to tens of millions of yuan today, the "Three Dynasties Northern League Compilation" recorded that after Qin Juniper and Wang Clan were released by Jin Bing, they wanted to get rid of the Wang Clan, and as a result, the Wang Clan angrily scolded him, "I married into your Qin family, that is the Ming Media is marrying, the dowry alone is worth 200,000 Guan, what is sorry for you?" ”
The marriage of Su Rui, one of the eight great masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties, was married to 9,400 mu of farmland on the outskirts of Kaifeng, which was definitely an astronomical dowry.
A generation of famous ministers Fan Zhongyan, the Suzhou Fan clan rules formulated: boys marry relatives, the bride price is uniformly pressed according to twenty consecutive; girls are married, and the dowry is uniformly pressed as thirty consecutive. It can be seen that the social atmosphere of the Song Dynasty is thick marriage, and the dowry of the woman is heavier than the bride price of the man.
There are many similar records, the Song people marrying a woman is a big gift package to smash down, there is no rationality only willfulness, the groom smashed the dizziness, happiness swept in, envy modern men also!
Some people do not understand, marrying chickens with chickens marrying dogs with dogs, after the dowry is sent out, it is not left to the disposal of the husband of the head of the family, although the wife has a lot of dowries, it is only fattening the man.
In fact, the right to dispose of the dowry of the Song Dynasty was always in the hands of married women, not in the hands of husbands. The Northern Song Dynasty 'Song Penal Code' and the Southern Song Dynasty's Qingyuan Articles of Law stipulate that the dowry is the only reliable private property of a married woman, and no one on the man may covet or use it for any reason, and there is also an important point: if the husband and wife negotiate a divorce, the dowry must be returned to the woman.
Can you tell me about the low status of su rui's daughter, Qin Juniper's wife Wang Shi, and so on?
If the man wants to keep this dowry, he must treat and respect the woman kindly, otherwise he will be beaten. Of course, if the dowry is too small, so that the man feels that it does not matter, then it is difficult to say whether the woman is respected.
Therefore, in order to elevate the family status of their daughters in their husbands' families, Song Dynasty fathers would often give a generous dowry. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, a strange phenomenon occurred in Huacheng County, Sichuan, hundreds of old girls who were not ugly looking did not marry, and after the county ordered them to go to the countryside to investigate and investigate, they found that because the old girl's family was poor, there was not enough money to buy a dowry, and the man asked for a rich dowry, and he could not afford it and could only wait for the word boudoir. Today, there are no girls who cannot marry, only men who cannot marry their daughters-in-law, but in some parts of Fujian, the custom of thick marriage is still popular, and even borrowing money to marry thickly, often the value of the dowry is twice that of the man's bride price. A few years ago, there was a news in Fujian that a poor man borrowed a loan shark to marry a relative, because once he married a relative, the woman would have to give a double dowry of the bride price, and the man would soon be able to repay the loan shark. The men in this area make the men of the world envious and jealous and hateful.
At the end of the day, the economic base is everything!
Because of the Customs of Marrying Thick in the Song Dynasty, married women have money and their family status is naturally higher, and the Song Dynasty naturally has countless men who are afraid of the inside! Therefore, the Song Dynasty made men love and hate, although the dowry was far more expensive than the bride price, but it also brought a new problem of fear!
So, is it good to be afraid of the inside? Some people think of the military softness of the Song Dynasty, but the modern great writer Hu Shi has another view, "A country, afraid of many stories of his wife, it is easy to be democratic; vice versa." It seems that whether fear of the inside is good or not is really a topic worth pondering.