preface:
"Sending Du Shaofu to Ren Shu Prefecture"
The city que assists the three Qins, and the wind and smoke look at the five jin.
Parting ways with Jun, the same eunuch.
Confidant in the sea, the end of the world is like a neighbor.
Nothing is wrong, and the children are together.
This poem "Sending Du Shaofu to Ren Shuzhou" is a seventh grade Chinese book of junior high school, one of Wang Bo's masterpieces, and also a famous work in the farewell poem. In particular, the famous sentence "Confidant in the sea, if the end of the world is next to each other", is often sung by ancient and modern literati, and it is estimated that many people only know the well-known sentences, but do not know the entire verse. The whole poem is cleverly conceived, with the theme of farewell without hurting, closely related to friendship, no sadness, only optimism and open-mindedness; there is no attachment to the love of children, only sincerity and encouragement. It is unprecedented to be able to write a farewell poem so passionately! Throughout the history of Tang poetry and Tang Dynasty, let's take a look at the amazing life of the "prodigy".
★ Biography
Wang Bo (650–676 CE), courtesy name Zi'an, was a native of Longmen County, Tang Prefecture (present-day Hejin, Shanxi), a writer of the early Tang Dynasty and the head of the "Four Masters of the Early Tang Dynasty" (Wang Yang Luluo). Wang Bo was intelligent and studious since childhood, and together with his two older brothers Wang Xun and Wang Xun, he was referred to as the "Three Trees" of the Wang clan by his father's friend Du Yi, and the "three trees" belonged to Wang Bo's literary achievements the most. At the age of nine, he was able to read Yan Shigu's "Book of Han", and later composed ten volumes of "Finger Flaws" to correct his mistakes, "Book of Han" is a book that is difficult for many literati to read, Yan Shigu is a university scholar of the Hongwenguan of the early Tang Dynasty, the great-grandfather of Yan Zhenqing, the founder of the "Yan Body" Script, and the recognized literary Confucianism of the Tang Dynasty. At the age of sixteen, he participated in the Yousu Branch Examination and the first, and was appointed to the position of Chao Sanlang (from Qipin), which can really be said to be unvalled, and entered the ranks of civil servants of the Tang Dynasty, and the actual position granted by the officials was the cultivation of the Pei Wangfu, that is, to accompany the Pei King to study, and was expelled from the Pei Wang Mansion by the order of Emperor Gaozong for writing the "Chicken Text of the King of Qiying". Later, a friend recommended that he join the army as a shangyu prefecture, and because of the secret possession and murder of the official slave criminal Cao Da, he was demoted to prison for the second time during his military service and sat with his father. In August of the third year of the first century (676 AD), unfortunately drowned in the Beibu Gulf across the sea and died of panic, at the age of twenty-seven, God is really jealous of talent. Here is a brief overview of the prodigy's life, and the following will share the poet's allusions and bizarre short life.
★ Anecdotal allusions
1. Family introduction
The protagonist always has his own aura, Wang Bo is from the clan everyone, from childhood to be crowned "prodigy", not for no reason. His ancestors have many officials in the past dynasties, let's take the most recent one, his grandfather Wang Tong, a scholar and great educator at the end of the Sui Dynasty, once served as a Shu Commandery of Shu County, and the Shu King's Attendant, just like Wang Bopei's palace. Legend has it that Wang Tong began to engage in teaching activities at the age of 15, and at the age of 18, he traveled to study and studied hard, and his knowledge made great progress. In the third year of Emperor Renshou of Sui (603 AD), that is, Wang Tong was 19 years old, and after taking the examination of Xiucai, he traveled west to Chang'an to meet Emperor Wen of Sui. His friends Fang Xuanling, Wei Zheng, Wang Jue, Du Ruhan, Li Jing, Chen Shuda, etc. were all major players on the historical stage of the Sui and Tang dynasties.
Looking at his father Wang Fuzu in the Tang Dynasty successively doctor Taichang, Yongzhou Sigong joined the army, Liuhe Jiaojiao erxian Ling, Qi Prefecture Governor History, Ze Prefecture Governor History, etc., wrote the "Wang Family Letter Miscellaneous Records", Wang Bo is obviously a well-known official generation.
Focusing on Wang Bo's uncle, his grandfather's brother Wang Ji, a well-known prodigy of the Sui Dynasty, this clan Wang family has many cattle. The 11-year-old Wang Ji traveled to Chang'an (present-day Xi'an) in Kyoto, and met Yang Su, a minister of power and opposition, who was called a "prodigy fairy" by the public secretaries present. In the first year of Daye (605 AD), that is, when he was 16 years old, he was honored with filial piety and honesty, and was awarded the secretary of the provincial orthography (picture book collection and collation work). In the early years of Zhenguan, Wang Ji resigned from the government and went home, he was concerned about the court, but he could not exert his ambitions, so he went back to the countryside and entertained himself with gin wine poetry, which just followed his wishes, because the wine was not a high-ranking official and chose to be decentralized, there were also deposed officials because of drunkenness, because of the three shi three hidden in the life of wine, drunk as fate, calling himself "Mr. Wudou" the world called "Doujiu Bachelor", it is estimated that Li Bai is his idol, like to drink and write poetry, he is recognized by later generations as the founder of the five-word poetry, made an important contribution to the creation of Tang poetry, in the history of Chinese poetry, It also has a very important position.
2. The origin of the prodigy
Wang Bo was sensitive and studious since childhood, he could write books at the age of nine, and he felt that he had to know medicine as a son, and at the age of twelve, he went to Chang'an to study medicine under the famous doctor Cao Yuan. Born into a prestigious family, but such an excellent family background, but did not bring him a ticket to the career, the literati's lifelong goal is to become an official, to show his ambitions. Therefore, from an early age, he paid attention to the knowledge of the world, cared about the affairs of the country and looked for suitable opportunities to introduce himself.
After the founding of the Tang Dynasty, the military, economy, and culture were unprecedentedly prosperous, and they were proud of their national strength and often used foreign troops. In the autumn of the first year of Linde (664 AD), when the chancellor Liu Xiangdao inspected Guannei Province (present-day Shaanxi, Ningxia, and parts of Inner Mongolia), the fifteen-year-old Wang Bo found the opportunity to write to Liu Xiangdao, the first of which was to attack the Tang Dynasty's foreign aggression and oppose the crusade against Goguryeo (Korea), he believed: "Thousands of miles of land, no benefit to the gods; 180,000 soldiers, empty emperor pawns." The police passed away, frightening Qin Luo's warts; flying swords to save millets, exhausting the costs of huaihai. This means that the laborers moved the masses, and the laborers hurt the people and the wealth, making the people of the dawn miserable. After Reading Wang Bo's Strategy, Liu Xiangdao was very surprised, praised Wang Bo as a "child prodigy" on the spot, and wrote a letter to recommend it, and since then the name of "prodigy" has been widely circulated.
3. Two strikes
As briefly introduced above, Wang Bo was awarded the title of Pei Wangfu at the age of 16, which is the companion of the emperor's son. In the first year of Tang Qianfeng's reign, Emperor Gaozong ordered The Yousu Branch, and Wang Boying Yousuju, which is equivalent to a modern interview, qualified to be eligible to participate in the examination of the subject.
When the roll call on the day of the exam, the chief examiner found that Wang Bo was a stinking, unsound, childish-looking child, and his heart was quite unhappy. Wang Bo was very clever, and seeing that this posture was not right, he rushed forward to prostrate himself and said, "Grandmaster Is on top, and the student Longmen Wang Bo has come to pay homage to listen to the teachings." As soon as these few words were said, the listener felt that the words were smooth. However, the chief examiner suddenly had the idea of ridicule at this time, and exited: "The blue shirt mops the floor, who can recognize the strange appearance!" "That is to say: the clothes are procrastinating, the looks are not good-looking, and I don't know!" Wang Bo boldly confronted him: "The purple crown soars into the sky, and the wizards do not know." "That is to say: I am very good-looking, so talented, you don't even know!" The chief examiner smiled and then teased: "Yesterday I stole peaches to drill a dog hole, I don't know who it is?" Wang Lang replied playfully: "In this dynasty Pangui Step Toad Palace, there must be me." The chief examiner applauded happily: "Prodigy, prodigy, it is indeed a prodigy of the Dragon Gate, quasi-examination." "You see how many bulls this man is, he has not yet taken the exam, and he has asserted that he has won the list, and he does not think that he is talented."
Later, and the first, he worshiped as Chaosanlang, and was introduced by Emperor Changbo and repaired by the Palace of Ren Pei. In the Tang Dynasty, although the system was not as good as Changke, Chaosan Lang was only a scattered official from the Seven Pins, but in the Pei King's Mansion, he was quite pleased with the Pei King, and the first time he became an official, it can be said that he was the most proud time in his life, but after a few years of doing such a high-level thing, fate made a joke with him.
At that time, the royal palace was a game of cockfighting, and the princes also had fun fighting cocks among themselves. One day, when Li Xian, the king of Pei, and Li Zhe, the king of The Ying Dynasty, were fighting cocks, Wang Bo was young after all, and he was proud of his literary talents, so he wrote a "Chicken Text of the King of The Ying Dynasty" to fight the King of England and use this to help the cockfight. Perhaps because the literary style is too good and the fame is too big, but after this game work was seen by Gaozong, he was greatly dissatisfied, and after reading it, he sighed angrily: "Crooked talent, crooked talent!" The second king fights cocks, Wang Bo, as a doctor, does not act as a slanderer, but instead of writing a text, deliberately fabricating, exaggerating the state of affairs, this person should be immediately expelled from the palace. He immediately issued an edict abolishing Wang Bo's official position, and on the same day expelled from the Pei King's Mansion, the prodigy Wang Bo, with his own talent and painstaking management, had just opened up his career, and it was destroyed in this way.
Cockfighting was originally a custom of the Tang Dynasty, and the upper nobility and their cunning children were particularly fond of it. Under such a custom, the two kings fight cocks, of course, both sides of the staff must come to cheer, Wang Bocai is high and ambitious, and the game text written by Chengxing is just a joke. But in the specific environment at that time, it attracted a ruthless blow, so that it affected a lifetime, of course, this matter has a profound background. Emperor Gaozong Li Zhi ascended to the throne and his father Li Shimin ascended the throne, which one did not experience the crown prince competition. "Chicken Text of the King of Tan Ying" inadvertently touched the most sensitive nerve of Emperor Gaozong, exposing the scandal of his old Li family, so it was considered to provoke the relationship between the kings, Wang Bo was deposed, of course, of course, the first time out of the army ended hastily.
In May 669, Wang Bo left Chang'an and went south into Shu, where he began his nearly three-year wandering in Shuzhong, where he composed a large number of poems and songs. In the third year of Xianheng (672 AD), Wang Bo returned to Chang'an, Pei Xingjian and Li Jingxuan were selected (selected talents) with the same canon, and heard that Wang Bo was famous, and he was summoned several times, but Wang Bo was summoned with literary talent and wrote about his aspirations, which angered Pei Xingjian and was denounced as "talented and famous, Jue Lu Gai widow" means that talent is still there, that is, he did not become an official. The following year, Wang Bo listened to his friend Lu Jiyou say that There were many medicinal herbs in Yuzhou (present-day Lingbao City, Henan), and he thought that he had studied medicine, so he managed to become a staff officer of Yuzhou, which was the second time Wang Bo had embarked on his career path, but who could have imagined that what awaited him was a second heavy blow.
During his tenure as a soldier in Yu Prefecture, there was an official slave named Cao Da who committed a crime, he hid the criminal, and later, afraid of leaking the wind, he killed Cao Da, and as a result, he committed a capital crime and was imprisoned. Because his father gave him the county order of Jiaozhi County (Hanoi, Vietnam), he was exempted from the death penalty, and was later spared from prison because of Emperor Gaozong's amnesty to the world. According to the old and new "Book of Tang", Wang Bo's disaster was because he was arrogant and arrogant, jealous of his colleagues, and killed people, and some people suspected that wang Bo was designed for his colleagues, or it was purely a framing, which was not unreasonable.
4. Tengwang Pavilion Order
When it comes to Wang Bo, I have to say that "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion", I guess the famous sentence that everyone first thinks of is "the sunset and the lone bird fly together, and the autumn water is long and colorful", but many people only know its text, but do not know its creative background and story. Wang Bo was released from prison because of Emperor Gaozong's amnesty, and his father was sent to Vietnam, which became a heart that could never be erased in his heart, so he decided to go south to visit his father to comfort the wounds in his heart, and only then did he have this famous work.
In the spring of the second year of Emperor Gaozong of Tang (675 AD), Wang Bo traveled south from his hometown through Luoyang, Huai'an, Yangzhou and Nanjing, eating, drinking and having fun all the way, and arriving in Hongzhou (Nanchang) in early September of the same year. It coincided with the completion of the renovation of the Tengwang Pavilion (Note: King Teng was the twenty-second son of Li Yuan, the founding emperor of the Tang Dynasty, who was forced by Li Shimin to become the fourth year of emperor Taishang.) The Tengwang Pavilion was built by Li Yuanbao, the King of Teng, when he was in Hongdu, but halfway through the repair, King Teng was transferred to Suzhou as an assassin), and the Hongdu Governor (local military chief) feasted on the Hongzhou literati and squires and nobles, first, it was such a big thing, and it was necessary to write some articles to record it, and the second was to use this grand event to introduce his son-in-law, and let him conceive in advance so that he could show his face at the right time at the banquet. Such a clever arrangement was really seamless, but it was a pity that wang Bo disrupted the plan when he rubbed the rice.
After three rounds of wine and five flavors, Yan Dudu raised his wine glass and stood up and said: "Gentlemen, on this grand occasion, I would like to ask the talents present to write and write it on the spot, in order to help the wine rejoice, I don't know which one is willing to appreciate the light?" The literati and inkers attending the meeting did not know it, and they all humbly pushed and shoved themselves one by one, but Wang Bo did not know the inside story and stood up and said: "Longmen Wang Bo accepted the hospitality of the governor, and should be thanked for the composition." As soon as the crowd listened, the prodigy arrived, and the banquet set off a climax as if the protagonist had appeared. Yan Dudu originally intended to make a false concession, so that his son-in-law improvised the prologue to move the world, who had wanted to appear this wave of advertisements, his heart was unhappy, but hindered by his popularity, so he left the scene in the name of changing clothes, and instructed the doorman to report in time.
Everyone here is inexplicably excited to be able to witness the prodigy making the preface on the spot, which is a blessing cultivated for several lifetimes, so some people prepare pens, ink and paper, some people find quilts to spread on the floor, why hold the quilt, here is an explanation. Because Wang Bo has a habit of writing, first drink a pot of wine, and then lie on the ground and close his eyes to think, this process, Wang Bo called it "belly draft", probably also the origin of the term "belly draft" today. In less than a quarter of an hour, he jumped up and wrote a book: Yuzhang Old County, Hongdu New Province. The stars are divided into wings and the ground is connected to the Henglu. Three rivers and five lakes, control the barbarians and lead Ouyue....... Wang Bo wrote a sentence in this side of the hall, and immediately someone ran to the next room to report to Yan Dudu: "'Yuzhang Old County, Hongdu New Mansion', this is the first two sentences", "This is also a cliché" Yan Dudu's eyes were not open, and he felt that there was nothing new, so he continued to close his eyes and recuperate. Then I heard "The stars are divided, and the ground is balanced", and I silently groaned, feeling different. Later, when he heard "The sunset and the lone bird fly together, and the autumn water is long and colorful", he directly exclaimed, "Si Immortal!" He also praised Wang Bowen for his excellence and gifts. Ancient scholars and masters all pursued Qingshi to leave a name, and this Yan Dudu could not scream with excitement when he thought of being famous for thousands of years along with this "Preface to the Pavilion of the Tengwang".
In the winter of 676 of the Tang Dynasty, the popular "Preface to the Pavilion of the King of Teng" was praised in Chang'an City, and Tang Gaozong finished reading the auction and exclaimed: "This is a song for thousands of years, and Wang Bozhen is also a genius!" After reading the preface and then reading the poem, Emperor Gaozong was even more impressed: "Good poetry, good poetry!" After writing a long article, you can still make such a good poem, is it not possible that the end of the crossbow can still wear the seven zahu! It is truly a rare talent, a rare talent! When he was expelled from the cockfighting text, it was the fault of yuan! ”
5, a thousand words
After Wang Bo wrote the famous "Preface to the Tengwang Pavilion", he immediately wrote a preface poem:
"Tengwangge Poems"
King Teng's high pavilion is linjiangzhu, and Pei Yumingluan is singing and dancing.
The painting is facing the South Pu cloud, and the bead curtain is rolling in the rain of the western mountains.
The shadow of the idle cloud pond is leisurely, and the things change stars to move several degrees in autumn.
Where is the emperor in the cabinet now, and the Yangtze River outside the sill flows freely.
After writing this poem, Wang Bo presented the preface and poem to Yan Dudu, said a few kind words, and then drifted away.
After Yan Dudu read Wang Bo's poem, he was about to publish a word of praise, but he was surprised to find that the last sentence of the poem was empty. The literati and inkers present expressed their respective high opinions on this, some saying that it was the word "water"; some said that it was the word "alone". Yan Dudu felt that they could not be satisfied, and blamed them all for guessing nonsense, not the author's original intention. Therefore, he ordered the people to quickly chase after Wang Bo and ask him to make up the fallen words.
After the people chased after Wang Bo, his entourage said: "My family's prince has a word, a word is worth a thousand gold, looking forward to Lord Yan Haihan." The person who came back and relayed this to Lord Yan in his heart: "This is clearly blackmailing this official, which is angry!" "No matter how you say it, you can't let a word be empty, it's better to follow his wishes, so that this official will also have a good reputation as a courtesy corporal." So he ordered people to prepare a thousand and two silver tattoos, and personally led all the literati and scholars to Wang Bo's residence. Wang Bo took the silver and pretended to be surprised: "Lord He Lao asked, how dare the late life be empty?" Everyone only felt that they did not know what they meant, and someone asked, "What should be the solution to the empty place?" Wang Bo smiled and said, "Emptiness, emptiness." Where is the Emperor of the Cabinet? The Yangtze River flows empty of its own streams outside the sills. After hearing this, everyone unanimously praised the wonderful, and Yan Daren also said meaningfully: "A word is worthy of today's wizards..."
6. The mystery of the cause of death
There are different theories about Wang Bo's death, some saying that he died before he met his father; some saying that he died on the way back after visiting his father; some saying that the wind and waves were great, and the fishing boat fell into the sea and drowned; some said that he was both eager and guilty to see his father, and he could not solve the extreme contradictions in his heart and committed suicide by throwing himself into the sea. There are two theories about Wang Bo's drowning, one is that the wind and waves are too great, and his body has been washed away by the waves in the blink of an eye, and it is impossible to salvage it; the other is that he was picked up by the boatman, and because he did not understand the water nature of choking, he fainted, and then he was frightened to death by excessive panic.
Wang Bo's death is slightly different, but one thing is certain, he drowned in the waters of Fangcheng in the Beibu Gulf. Yichun Township, Yilu County, Nghe An Province, northern Vietnam, originally built the Wang Bo Cemetery and Ancestral Temple, which was destroyed by American aircraft in 1972, and only the statue of Wang Bo remains today.
(For more information, please pay attention to the WeChat public account: Datang Poet Affair)