The qin has a lofty status in Han culture and is revered to the height of art. Qinyi and martial arts, one text and one martial art, are the two extremes that everyone is closer to cultivation. The representative of the text is the qinqi calligraphy and painting, and the qin as a plucked instrument is ranked first. Compared with Western pianos, we generally call the qin "guqin", and the guqin has a long history, which was first seen in the Book of Poetry.
"Lady of the Silks, Lady of the Qinser" (Shijing Zhounan Guan ju);
"I have guests, drums and drums" (Shijing Xiaoya Luming);
"Wives are good together, such as drums and harpses" (Shijing Xiaoya Changdi);
"Drum Bell Chin Chin, Drum Ser Drum Qin" (Poetry Sutra, Xiao Ya Drum Bell);
"Qinse drumming, to Mitazu" (Shijing Xiaoya Futian);
"Chair Tong Zi Lacquer, Gong Fa Qin Sang" (Poetry Sutra, Yong Feng, Ding Zhi Fang Zhong);
"Qinse is in the imperial palace, and it is not quiet and good" ("Poetry Classic, Zheng Feng, Female Chicken Song");
There are so many records about the qin in a "Book of Poetry", which shows that the qin has been widely recognized by nobles and commoners in ancient times. Since the pre-Qin Dynasty, there have been countless qinists. Such as Zhong Yi, Shi Kuang, Liezi, Boya, Yongmen Zhou, Confucius, Cai Yong, Cai Yan, Liu Xiang, Yang Xiong, Sima Xiangru, Huan Tan, Ji Kang, Ruan Yuan, Qiu Ming, Dai Yong, Zong Bing, Liu Yun, Dong Tinglan, Li Bai, Bai Juyi, Han Yu, Zhao Yeli, Xue Yijian, Chen Kangshi, Chen Humble, Guo Shu, Jiang Kui, Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi, Yizhong, Zhibai, Yihai, Zequan, Ni Yunlin, Yelü Chucai, Miao Shi, Wang Zhi, Jiang Keqian, Yang Shu, Yan Cheng, Xu Changyu, Qianlong, Guan Pinghu, ChaFuxi, Wu Jingluo, Gu Meitang, Zhang Ziqian, Wei Zhongle, etc.
As the founder of the Eight Law Fist, Li Demao, a Datong person, was known as the "leader of the martial forest north of Yanmen Pass" during the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, and was impeccable in his martial arts. However, such a martial artist is fond of piano art, and thus promotes the spread and development of guqin culture in Shanxi, pushing Shanxi guqin culture and Sanjin qinxue to a peak.
We can't understand Li Demao's original intention of learning the piano, the most reasonable explanation is to improve their self-cultivation, make up for the lack of literature, the first choice of guqin, is the second choice.
In the seventh year of the Republic of China (1918), Li Demao followed the pianist Fu XiaXian to learn the piano, because he learned the piano, he knew and admired the piano skills of the famous pianist Gu Zhuoqun at that time, and because of admiration, he agreed to hire Gu Zhuoqun and other famous artists to come to Jin to give lectures, because many domestic violin scholars arrived in Shanxi and planned to establish a qin society, because of the establishment of the yuanyin qin society and advocated the study of the three Jin qin, which pushed the Shanxi guqin culture to a peak. Among them, Li Demao, then deputy commander of the Shanxi Governor's Office, played a crucial role, and it can be said that a word was finalized, funded and contributed, and logistics were guaranteed, which was immediate. When later generations evaluated the Shanxi gagaku or piano affairs during the Republic of China period, most of them believed that Li Demao was the first merit.
In the mid-spring of the ninth year of the Republic of China (1920), the Vowel Qin Society was established in Taiyuan, with the founders being Sun Sen (Zi Jingchen), Li Demao (Zi Guanting), Fu Wenqi (Zi Xiaxian), Gu Fang (Zi Zhuoqun), Zhao Xun (Zi Jianfen), Sun Baozhang (Character Similarities and Differences), Dou Guiwu (Zi Qiaozhi), and the company was located in the Sports Club;
In the ninth year of the Republic of China, Sun Sen began to cut the piano, and by 1923, a total of 212 harps were cut;
On November 14, 1999, the Yuanyin Qin Society held the first large-scale piano playing collection in the East Garden of the Shanxi Army Trial Office, with a total of 16 people attending, of which 15 people played fourteen songs, or solo, or ensemble, Li Demao brought his own Tang qin "Song Wind Under the Moon" and "Nagato Complaint". After the meeting, a group photo was taken to commemorate the occasion, and the piano used by Gu Zhuoqun was played by Sun Sen in the Song Huizong "Dragon Gate Wind and Rain" piano Chengxing, which was repeated twice. Here are two transcripts of the list, as follows:
Old photos of the Republic of China: Shanxi Vowel Qin Society's first large-scale piano collection photography
Shanxi Vowel Qin Society's first large-scale piano playing ya collection participants list
Gu Zhuoqun, Li Guanting, Zhao Xue'an, Kou Qiaozhi, Wang Hezhai, Li Zanchen, Feng Pengyi, Sun Yitong, Li Meifu, Wu Jihong, Li Ziren, Sun Yousheng, Sun Sen, Wu Mingfu, Ma Jiqing, Zhang Shaoyi
Shanxi Vowel Qin Society's first large-scale piano playing ya episode program list
Gu Zhuoqun: Solo "Wind and Thunder Introduction"
Zhao Xue'an: Solo "Pingsha Falling Goose"
Kou Qiaozhi: Solo "Mozi Sorrow"
Li Guanting: Solo "Nagato Grievance"
Wang Hezhai: Solo "Mountain"
Li Zanchen: Solo "Fish Tree Q&A"
Feng Pengyi: Solo "Pu'an Mantra"
Sun Similarities and Differences: Solo "Remembering the Past"
Li Meifu: Solo "Homecoming Speech"
Wu Jihong: Solo "Plum Blossom Three Alleys"
Li Ziren and Gu Zhuoqun: Ensemble "Yangguan Triassection"
Sun Yousheng: Solo "Buried Room Ming", "Phoenix Seeking Phoenix"
Gu Zhuoqun and Sun Sen: Ensemble "Drunken Fishing Singing Evening"
Gantry veneer (back part)
Gantry Wind Andni (back)
Dragon Gate Wind Andni (Front)
In the tenth year of the Republic of China, Yan Xishan decided to advocate Gagaku in the province, and Yucaiguan set up Gagaku class.
On November 14, 10th year of the Republic of China, colleagues of the Yuanyin Qin Society held the second Guqin Ya collection in the East Garden of the Shanxi Army Trial Office, and the number of participants was dozens of people, and Li Demao soloed "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud".
Attached is the program list of the second large-scale piano playing collection of Shanxi Vowel Qin Society:
Gu Zhuoqun and Kou Qiaozhi: Ensemble "Pu'an Mantra"
Gu Zhuoqun and Duan Zhongfu: "Yangguan Three Stacks" (Qin Zhen Ensemble)
Gu Zhuoqun and Sun Jingchen: Ensemble "Pingsha Falling Goose"
Sun Jingchen and Sun Zhusun: Ensemble "Drunken Fishing Singing Evening"
Wu Jihong: Solo "Wind and Thunder Introduction"
Duan Zhongfu: Solo "Remembering the Past"
Wang Hezhai: Solo "Interpretation of the Chapter"
Zhang Yousheng: Solo "Fishing Tree Q&A"
Feng Pengyi: Solo "Yangguan Three Stacks"
Zheng Huafu: Solo "Remembering the Past"
Liu Yiqing: Solo "Remembering the Past"
Qi Yajing: Solo "Homecoming Speech"
Gu Zhuoqun and Sun Are Similar: Ensemble "Wind and Thunder Introduction"
Li Zanchen: Solo "Pingsha Falling Goose"
Li Guanting: Solo "Xiaoxiang Water Cloud"
Li Zanchen: Solo "Pu'an Mantra"
Gu Zhuoqun: Solo "Confucius Reading Yi", "Mozi Sorrow"
Wang Zhuzhai: Solo "Drunken Fishing Singing Evening"
Wu Minfu: Solo "Plum Blossom Three Alleys"
Ma Jiqing: Solo "Pingsha Falling Goose"
Vowel intention (drawn by Chen Xudong)
In the eleventh year of the Republic of China, the National Normal School opened a gagaku specialty course, with a study system of half a year or a year, which was taught by the pianist of the vowel piano society, and after graduation, the students of the professors were assigned to various colleges and universities or primary and secondary schools as gagaku teachers.
In June of the eleventh year of the Republic of China, Gu Zhuoqun completed the "Vowel Piano Score", which was published by Yan Xishan in July.
On September 10, 111 of the Republic of China, colleagues of the Yuanyin Qin Society held the third Guqin Ya collection in the East Garden of the Shanxi Army Trial Office, and at the same time welcomed the guqin master Yang Shibai into jin chuanqin, and the number of participants was nearly 100, so that some people commented at that time that "china's piano learning is flourishing at this time, when Pushing Jinyang".
In the twelfth year of the Republic of China, Gu Meitang completed the "History of Chinese Music" and "Musical Instrument Tu Kao", and co-edited the "Collection of Yale Music" with Zhang Qinsun and Peng Zhiqing.
In the autumn of the fourteenth year of the Republic of China (1925), the situation was chaotic, and four famous guqin masters, Peng Zhiqing, Yang Yousan, Shen Bozhong, and Gu Meitang, returned to Hunan from Taiyuan, and Li Demao and others bid farewell.
Marked by the establishment of the vowel piano society, to the four families left jin, in just five years, Shanxi's piano learning by leaps and bounds, achieved the purpose of the revitalization of Gagaku, and had a wide impact on the whole country.
Undoubtedly, the vowel qin society is the mountain flow of the piano in the Republic of China period, when the fuqin was elevated to a fashionable or purifying height, the culture that arose because of the guqin was also unprecedented, and the far-reaching impact was immeasurable.
(The author Wang Zhanbin is the representative inheritor of the fourth generation of Bafa Quan)