On April 17, 954, the first year of the reign of Emperor Xiande of Later Zhou, Feng Dao, the chancellor of Later Zhou, died of illness at the age of 73, ending his legendary life.
Feng Dao was a tumbler in the famous officialdom during the Five Dynasties period, successively serving as an official in the Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou, and he experienced it all in the Five Dynasties except Later Liang.
Moreover, in Feng Dao's official career, he entered the Zhongshu three times and served as the prime minister for more than twenty years.
In total, he served liu shouguang, Li Cunxun, Li Siyuan, Li Conghou, Li Congke, Shi Jingyao, Shi Chonggui, Yelü Deguang, Liu Zhiyuan, Liu Chengyou, Guo Wei, Chai Rong and other twelve monarchs.
It is said that the elders of the Three Dynasties, Feng Dao is the Elder of the Ten Dynasties, so his resume is really brilliant.
Feng Dao
Feng Dao was a representative of the Five Dynasties of Wen Chen.
In the five generations, it is the paradise of martial generals, and the wenchen is just an embellishment.
Tianzi Ning has a kind of evil? Soldiers are strong and strong!
As long as there are soldiers and horses, changing emperors is just a common thing!
Willing to slash, dare to pull the emperor off the horse, in the fifth generation there is really an emperor who was pulled down by a big-headed soldier.
This emperor was none other than The Founding Emperor of the Later Tang Dynasty, Li Cunxun of the Later Tang Dynasty.
The reason why Li Cunxun died and the country was destroyed was that a big soldier named Huang Fuhui launched a mutiny in Yidu, which had a chain reaction, and turned Li Cunxun from the founding prince to the king of the subjugated country in one fell swoop.
In such a chaotic world, the emperor has changed like a marquee.
Zhu Lishi Liu Guo, Liang Tang Jin Han Zhou;
All come to the fifteen emperors, sow chaos fifty autumns.
The emperor was still precarious and fickle, and the courtiers were trembling under the obscenity of the warriors.
Feng Dao was not a loyal subject, he did change many emperors.
However, during his tenure as chancellor, he exerted great efforts to govern, promoted the sons of the cold door, showed compassion for the people's strength, and did his best to maintain the operation of the imperial court.
He called himself The Elder of Changle, and in this chaotic world, he was always able to enjoy wealth and prosperity and stand firm.
Feng Dao did lose the loyalty that a reader should have, but he did not lose the benevolent heart that a person should have.
Feng Dao relied on the survival method of "but the teaching party has no evil, and the wolf and tiger are also standing in the bush", in this chaotic world, there are countless living people.
The Ming Dynasty especially asked for the "Five Old Figures of Suiyang"
On the first day of the first lunar month of the fourth year of the Later Jin Dynasty (947), Emperor Taizong of Liao's Yelü Deguang perished.
The Khitan army that entered the Central Plains burned and plundered, did no evil, and wherever the butcher's knife went, wives and children were scattered, families were destroyed, and hundreds of people died tragically under the butcher's knife of the Khitan people.
Feng Dao hurried to Kaifeng to persuade Yelü Deguang to quickly stop the atrocities of the army!
Yelü Deguang asked Feng with great interest, "How can the people of the world be saved?" ”
Now that it is a chaotic world, the people of the world are indeed very miserable, but how can we save them from the sea of suffering?
Feng Dao's spirit moved and replied, "At this time, the people, the Buddha cannot be rescued again, but the emperor can save them." ”
Today's people, the Buddha can not save, only the emperor can save.
This is the highest realm of patting horses, moisturizing silently, silently, leaving no trace.
This horse ass, slapping Yerushalayim's heart was so itchy that he was overjoyed and immediately ordered the slaughter to stop.
Feng Dao had his own wit and saved an unknown number of Central Plains people.
Is such a Feng Dao loyal or adulterous? Is it a good guy or a bad guy? Shameless villain or immeasurable merit?
After Feng Dao's death, later historians immediately began to criticize him in a frenzied manner.
Xue Juzheng, the author of the "History of the Five Dynasties", was the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, and he also served as an official in the Five Dynasties.
He was well aware of the difficulties of the five generations of civil servants, and he knew even more that there were no living loyal subjects in the five generations.
When Xue Ju was evaluating Feng Dao, he first praised Feng Dao: "The fulfillment of the Dao has the style of the ancients. The universe of the Tao is deeply rooted in the body of the Minister."
However, he came again and criticized: "However, the Four Dynasties, the Sixth Emperor." Can you be loyal? Husband, daughter and second husband, the misfortune of man, the situation is worse than three! ”
Loyal subjects do not do two masters, Feng Dao changed do not know how many masters, he is not a loyal subject.
What Xue Juzheng meant was that Feng Dao was not a loyal subject, but a good person.
By the time Ouyang Xiu wrote the "History of the New Five Dynasties", he was not so polite, breaking his mouth and scolding, saying that Feng Dao did not know shame and was shameless to the extreme--to-read Feng Dao's "Changle Old Narrative" and see that he was proud of his self-description, which can be described as a person without shame, then the country under the world can know it.
Moreover, Ouyang Xiu used his own Spring and Autumn brushwork to add some material.
Portrait of Ouyang Xiu
When the Later Jin Dynasty fell, Feng Dao saw the scene of Yelü Deguang,
The History of the Old Five Dynasties records this:
The Khitan lord calmly asked, "How can the people of the world be saved?" ”
Dao Yue said, "At this time, the people, the Buddha can no longer be rescued, but the emperor can save them." ”
In this record, Feng Dao used his wit to save many people.
However, the record in Ouyang Xiu's "History of the New Five Dynasties" is as follows: Deguang blamed the Dao for being insignificant, and the Tao could not be right.
He also asked, "What is the dynasty?" ”
Right: "There is no city and no soldiers, and an dare not come." ”
Deguang Said, "What kind of old man is Er?" ”
Right: "Talentless, unscrupulous, stubborn old man." ”
Deguang Xi, with the Tao as the Taifu.
Ouyang Xiuzhen is worthy of being a great literary hero, and Feng Dao's rescue of people is directly hidden, and Feng Dao is written as a talentless and unscrupulous beam-jumping clown.
Such a Spring and Autumn brushwork, Ouyang Xiu dared to say that he did not mix with private goods?
By the time Sima Guang wrote the Zizhi Tongjian, Feng Dao was even more miserable.
Sima Guang did not hesitate to write and ink, and made a long speech about Feng Dao.
Sima Guang believed that loyal subjects should worry about the country as home, the emperor should be advised if he was wrong, and when the country died, he would be martyred.
"Now the Tao is favored by the crown of the three divisions, the power is the first of the phases, the existence of the country is in accordance with the arch hey, stealing vegetarian food, and the death of the country is to be completely spared, and to welcome the advice." The rise and fall of the king is followed, the Tao is rich and free, and he is the especially of the traitors, and Ande is compared with others! ”
Feng Dao, you are a traitor among the traitors!
Sima Guang
When it came to the turn of the Song and Yuan dynasties, the historian Hu Sansheng who annotated the Zizhi Tongjian was very powerful.
He inherited Sima Guang's critical spirit of Feng Dao, and once again intensified his criticism, indignantly evaluating Feng Dao: "The two (Li Song and Feng Dao) have been through the Tang and Jin Dynasties, and they are extremely popular subjects, and the country cannot die. Treat him like a passerby, what a heavy weight! ”。
If Feng Dao had known about Quanxia, he would have laughed, you Hu San Province and Wen Tianxiang are the same list of jinshi, the Great Song dynasty has perished, Wen Tianxiang has been martyred, you can live well, why didn't you die?
In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, it was even worse, and when Wang Fuzhi was in "Reading the Commentary on The Classics", he raised the image of Feng Dao's great sinner and great traitor to the point where there was no ancient person before and no one came after.
Wang Fuzhi declared: "The evil of Feng Dao floats on the King of Shang, and its misfortune is worse than that of thieves!" ”
I don't know what Feng Dao did to make Mr. Wang so critical!
By the way, Xiao Zhu did not mention it kindly, although Wang Fuzhi did not shave his hair all his life, he did not serve as an official for the Qing Dynasty.
However, he lived to the thirty-first year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1692) at the age of 73, and in his later years he married a beautiful woman.
Very good, Feng Dao is worse than the King of Sui if he does not martyr the country, why don't you old king martyr the country for Daming?
Feng Dao's failure to martyrdom is a great evil Dao, what is your wang fuzhi?
Even in modern times, Feng Dao has not escaped the fate of being scolded,
The famous modern historian Fan Wenlan once scolded Feng Dao in his "General History of China" as "a good slave of a slave!" ”
In short, Feng Dao should have died a long time ago,
But Feng Dao has so many bosses, who should he kill himself for? Even if he had ten lives, it wouldn't be enough for him to kill himself!
If Feng Dao wants to commit suicide, will Zhao Kuangyin's father, Zhao Hongyin, commit suicide?
Zhao Hongyin's experience was similar to That of Feng Dao, who had been an official under Li Cunxun and had always been Chai Rong, how many times should he commit suicide?
Why did Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang only curse Feng Dao, but prostrate themselves on their knees in front of Zhao Hongyin's spiritual seat?
(Note: Zhao Hongyin was posthumously honored by the Song Dynasty as Xuanzu, the Song Dynasty worshipped the ancestors, and the courtiers had to kneel before his spiritual throne)
Perhaps Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang were too harsh on Feng Dao, and during the Northern Song Dynasty, Fan Qian, Fu Bi, Su Zhi, Wu Chuhou, Li Zhen of the Ming Dynasty, and Zhao Yi of the Qing Dynasty all said a few good words for Feng Dao.
Feng Dao couldn't hear all this.
Feng Dao also couldn't see that when he came out of the funeral, the people of Kaifeng spontaneously sent a funeral for him.
On that day, the paper money in Kaifeng City flew all over the sky, and the paper ashes flew all over the ground.
Justice is in the hearts of the people, that's all!
No matter how much his reputation is mixed, no matter how much he criticizes, the people that Feng Dao saved remember his goodness, so enough.
I can't help but ask, when Ouyang Xiu and Sima Guang lived in the fifth generation, could they do better than Feng Dao? Will they be martyred and die like they did when they criticized Feng Dao?
At least Hu San province and Wang Fuzhi did not do it.
Whenever he reads this history, Xiao Zhu only wants to say: Without the suffering of others, do not persuade others to be kind, it is easy to ask others, but it is difficult to ask for yourself.