The Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by the attack of the Red Turban Army. However, within the Red Turban Army, there were two major leaders, namely Han Shantong and Han Lin'er's father and son who attacked the north, and Xu Shouhui who attacked the south. Both the Han father and son and Xu Shouhui have one thing in common that they are both puppet leaders. Xu Shouhui held actual power at the beginning of the uprising, and Han Lin'er never grasped real power from beginning to end.
The manipulators of the two great leaders of the north and the south are Liu Futong in the north and Chen Youyu in the south. When the two factions were fighting, another Zhang Shicheng came, and in the end, everything was taken advantage of by Zhu Yuanzhang, who sat on the mountain and watched the tiger fight.
Liu Futong's death was profitable to Zhu Yuanzhang's fishermen
Liu Futong was a native of Jieshou City, Anhui Province, and after he killed Du Zundao in the first year of the Longfeng regime (1355), there was no one within the Red Turban Army who could balance him. The good and bad, honor and shame of the Red Turban Army are all directly related to it. When the Three-Way Northern Expedition failed, the Longfeng regime was already in an era of turmoil. In the end, Liu Futong became a historical figure.
There is still debate about his death, but no matter how much it is debated, the result is the same - being killed.
One view is that he was killed by Zhang Shicheng's subordinate Lü Zhen.
The Ming Shi, the Ming Taizu Shilu, the Ming Shi Chronicle, the Ming Tong Jian, the Record of Sin, the Guo chu QunXiong Shi Strategy, and the Yuan Shi Chronicle at the end of the Yuan History chronicle state that in February of the twenty-third year of Zhizheng (1363), he was killed by Zhang Shicheng's subordinate Lü Zhen at Anfeng, and Zhu Yuanzhang sent rescue troops at the request of Liu Bowen to rescue Han Lin'er after defeating Lü Zhen.
Another view is that Zhu Yuanzhang assassinated him and Han Lin'er.
The "New Yuan History", "The Deeds of the Beginning of the State", "The Outline of the State Affairs", "The History of Gengshen Foreign History", "The Chronicle of the Chronicle", "The Pingwu Record", "The Genealogy of the Liu Family", and the "Chronicle of the Year of Zhu Yuanzhang" say that Liu Futong and Han Lin'er were killed by Liao Yongzhong in the Guabu River in Jiangsu in December of the twenty-sixth year of Zhizheng (1366).
Among modern scholars, Wu Han, Zhai Bozan, Zhou Gucheng, Liu Zehua, Cai Meibiao, Zhu Shaohou, and Huang Miantang believe that Liu Futong was killed by Zhang Shicheng's subordinates.
Guo Moruo, as well as Han Rulin, Qiu Shusen, Yang Ne and others of the Yuan Shi, believed that since Liu Futong had been killed in battle (how to die in battle?). After Liu Futong's death, how did Han Lin'er hold out for a month? Moreover, although the "Deeds of the Beginning of the Kingdom" and the "History of Gengshen Foreign History" are wild histories, their authors are all official historians of the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, the former revising the "Records of Taizu" and the latter revising the "Yuan History". Therefore, the status of these wild histories is not lower than that of the so-called canonical history.
According to some historical facts, the Ming Dynasty had reasons to cover up the historical truth. The reason why the Ming Dynasty put Liu Futong's death on Lü Zhen's head was mainly because Liao Yongzhong's assassination of Han Lin'er could be said to be clear, Han Lin'er died in 1366, and it was strange that a teenager aged sixteen to twenty-two or thirteen drowned. If you add Liu Futong also drowning, it is really impossible to say.
The Red Turban Army in the north and south
In May of the eleventh year of Zhizheng (1351), Han Shantong, Liu Futong, and Du Zundao launched the Red Turban Rebellion. Until the site of the uprising, no consensus was reached on where to go. The point of contention is where the "White Deer Village" is. The first is Yongnian County (Hebei); the second is Huanglinggang (northeast of Lankao, Henan); its Sanyingshang County (within Anhui); its Siying Prefecture; its Wuyingshui Watershed; and the home of Liu Futong, the head of the Six Realms, is called Bailuzhuang because of the deer raised in his family.
The religious belief of the Red Turban Army was the White Lotus Sect founded in the Southern Song Dynasty, and Han Shantong was also able to launch an uprising because he was one of the leaders of the White Lotus Sect and had a large number of believers. A loose religious organization, then, must be headed by multiple.
In addition to Han Shantong, there is also Xu Shouhui. In May, Han Shantong revolted, and in August, Xu Shouhui also launched an uprising. Moreover, Xu Shouhui's side fought very well, unlike Han Shantong, who was arrested as soon as he revolted.
In September, Xu Shouhui led his men to defeat the Weishun king Kuan Shubuhua and capture Pushui (蕲水, in modern Shuishui). As a result, Xu Shouhui was called emperor, and the founding number was "Great Song" (also known as "Heavenly End", that is, pressing the head of the Great Yuan, pressing the big head is the heaven, and pressing the Yuan's head wearing a hat), the era name "Zhiping". Military and political institutions such as the Marshal's Office of the Unified Army, Zhongshu Province, the Privy Council, and the six central departments (officials, households, ceremonies, soldiers, criminals, and workers) were set up, and Zou Pusheng was appointed as the Taishi, Ni Wenjun as the leading marshal, and Chen Youyu as the marshal book rafter (at that time, Chen Youyu was not yet the main leader, so the official position was low).
Within two years, Xu Shouhui was gradually coerced by Ni Wenjun, and in the nineteenth year of Zhizheng (1357), Ni Wenjun wanted to surrender to the Yuan army, but was killed by his subordinate Chen Youyu. Xu Shouhui became a puppet of Chen Youyi, and in 1360 was smashed in the head by Chen Youyi's men. In short, the leaders of the first generation of the Red Turban Army were not good, and they were all swallowed up by the new generation of the second generation. Chen Youyu and Zhu Yuanzhang both belonged to the second generation of uprising figures.
After Zhu Yuanzhang jianming, he covered up the history of his former submission to the Longfeng regime. It was also hostile to Xu Shouhui, who was also a Member of the White Lotus Sect and the Red Turban Army System. People like Liu Futong and Xu Shouhui were not listed separately in the "History of the Yuan" and "History of Ming", and Xu Shouhui's life was placed in zhang Shicheng's biography.
It is no exaggeration to say that Zhu Yuanzhang's annihilation of the Yuan was essentially a battle against the large and small separatist forces within the Red Turban Army. Although Zhang Shicheng and Fang Guozhen did not belong to the Red Turban Army system, in the process of seizing the world, they were not Zhu Yuanzhang's most feared enemies.
Zhu Yuanzhang's most terrible enemy was Chen Youyu. After the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, in the process of unifying the world, still eliminated the remnants of the Southern Red Turban Army, such as the Ming Xia regime in Sichuan.
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