Duanmu planted shiitake mushrooms due to discharge in the wild, there is no sealing plastic layer protection, the production of pests in the natural environment of the opportunity to infect a lot of opportunities, because stacked in the mountains to produce pests are also particularly more, now described some common pests and control methods.
1, Spoberweger's charcoal mass fungus, mushroom folklore called black boils. In the case of cracks in the bark protected by the mushroom wood, the cut is not coated with lime water, etc., the mushroom wood is invaded by the bacteria under the high temperature and high humidity of May to July of that year, and the yellow-green conidia pile appears, and the black charcoal substore is formed in the conidia pile in August and September, which are connected and overlapped with each other. So that the dead wood can not absorb water, forming an "iron core", after which there are no mushrooms.
The occurrence of black boils on the environmental conditions is not strict, high temperature, high humidity is the most likely to occur, the most suitable temperature for the germination of the fungus spores is 21-25 degrees, the most suitable temperature for hyphae growth is 25-30 degrees, mostly for the moldy rainy season in May and July every year to invade acidic dead wood.
2, thrombophilus vermilion, flat cap, fruiting body fan-shaped, sessile, first grow orange or red, fade after maturity, growth has obvious ring patterns.
5 To September, it occurred on a tree that was directly exposed to the sun, and the bacteria could secrete some highly antibacterial substances.
3, yellow sperm tooth ear, fruiting body leathery, if shell, sessile on the wood, growth is often connected to a number of people, the face is reddish brown, the back is white. Inoculated mushroom wood invaded Duanmu in the first year, the hyphae developed at a moderate temperature of 32-34 degrees, high and dry in summer, the sun directly hit Duanmu at a suitable temperature, the hyphae spread 3 times faster than shiitake mushrooms, and the mushroom wood was almost destroyed. Immediately remove burns when found to avoid spreading.
4, on the mushroom wood exposed to direct sunlight, it will also be found: crack fungus, cloud mushroom, color velvet cover fungus and so on. These spores, hyphae are germinated, growth is high temperature type, hyphae growth is suitable for more than 30 degrees, hyphal speed are faster than shiitake mushroom hyphae growth, the harm is also great.
5, like to grow in the germicidal period mushroom stacking poor ventilation, long-term damp and depressed places, birch fold fungus, variable pore recumbent fungus, fibrous fungus, thin yellow brown pore fungus and green trichoderma, these are also extremely harmful to the mushroom hyphae, will not bring devastation to the production of shiitake mushrooms on the section wood, as long as the mushroom environment is changed again, the mushroom wood can still be used, but it seriously affects the production of shiitake mushrooms.
6, others such as fungus will also invade mushroom wood, this has little impact.
1, concave red mushroom carapace, adult body length 3 to 4 mm, oblong oval, head round, head russet, anterior thorax back and wings russet, tail black. Larvae endanger the shiitake mushrooms in dry weather, moth from the mushroom cover, and eat the mushroom meat and empty it on the epidermis.
2, jumping insects, the insects live in wet places, can bounce to the mushroom wood, eat fungi, hyphae. General nocturnal activities.
3, Tianniu, Gidding insects, small borers are common pests that harm mushroom wood. Tianniu and Jiding are gradually mothed into the mushroom wood with larvae, and in the mushroom wood, they can be eaten into a hole in the mushroom wood. There are many small moths, and the clusters are covered with the entire mushroom wood, and in the summer they are mothed into the mushroom wood.
4, slugs, termites, take shiitake mushroom fungus cap, moth empty mushroom wood.
Rats, squirrels especially like to eat young mushrooms, pheasants, white storks are mainly like to eat young mushrooms raw base, young mushrooms. Chamois, and deer.
Duan wood mushroom planting due to the amount of wood, placed in nature scattered planting, all kinds of pests, pests, wild animals may be harmful, especially harmful bacteria, once it occurs, it is difficult to eliminate, fully understand the occurrence of pests and mushrooms two ecological differences, as far as possible to shiitake mushroom hyphae quickly occupy the plate, can reduce the harm. Prevention is the mainstay, and comprehensive prevention and control is an effective way to reduce harm.
1, site selection and cleaning, mushroom wood dumping field and mushroom field, should choose a ventilated sunny, well-drained place. Dead branches, weeds and surrounding rotten wood on the ground were cleaned and burned, and the site was sprinkled with lime for disinfection.
2, section of wood preparation, cutting period to late autumn dry sunny days as appropriate, do not immediately remove branches after cutting, in order to facilitate tree drying and reduce wound healing bacteria invasion, pay attention to protect the integrity of the bark, immediately after the removal of branches with lime clarification solution to coat the section, before inoculation of the wood with fire burned once, pay attention to constantly turn the tree, so as not to burn the bark, so as to burn the bark in the worm eggs and pest spores.
3, strains and inoculation, strains to select the right age of high-quality strains, inoculation personnel and utensils to disinfect treatment, vaccination period as early as possible, not with the pest bacteria should grow at temperatures above 20 degrees celsius operation, inoculation holes to be sealed, in the sunny day of vaccination, can not be inoculated in the wind and rain.
4, after inoculation, often check the mushroom wood, find that the bacteria can be burned to death by fire and high temperature, and then dig up the surface, coated with lime water or sterilant solution, and burn the large area of infection to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria.
5, chemical control, mushroom fungal pests can choose carbendazim or Bordeaux liquid spray control (according to the product instructions). Pests (jumping insects, concave mushroom armor) can be used as a predator. Slugs can be destroyed with sodium chloride, termites can be used to kill antenin, and celestial bulls or gidding insects can be used for predatory irrigation, and then the orifice is sealed.
At present, most of the wood chips are used to plant shiitake mushrooms, and there are also many diseases and insect pests and miscellaneous bacteria hazards in the production process of wood chips planting shiitake mushrooms.
1, mites, also known as fungal lice, there are two kinds of mealy mites and pu mites, white mites are large, people with good eyesight are visible, white shiny, pu mites are small, in addition to clusters are easy to see, brown. The two mites multiply extremely quickly and can harm a variety of edible fungal fruiting bodies and hyphae, swallowing hyphae.
2, nematodes, a very small worm, reproduce very quickly, bite the hyphae, often make the mass empty and can not produce mushrooms.
The miscellaneous bacteria that pollute wood chips to plant shiitake mushrooms are basically the same as those that occur on duanmu, mainly penicillium, trichoderma, streptomyces, root mold and mucormycetes, Aspergillus, etc., and bacteria and viruses are also found.
Insect pests, wood chips planting shiitake mushrooms because there is a packaging and sterilization process, the occurrence of pests in the early mites is to be invaded through inoculation, mostly bacteria after a period of time to invade the food hyphae, because there is also an outer layer of plastic film packaging, the development of pollution is only in the bag, the impact is not large. Mites and nematodes are more harmful after debauching and late planting.
In terms of miscellaneous bacteria, the cultivation bag is the most susceptible to pollution in this production link, or it is seriously polluted in the later stage of production.
The living conditions required for our cultivation of shiitake mushroom hyphae are the same as the growth of various molds of miscellaneous bacteria, mold grows from various sterilization incomplete and broken bags, and it is not suitable for the use of agents to kill bacteria, and mold is not easy to eradicate once it occurs.
Where the mold pollution is more serious, the pollution that has been extended into the inside of the planting bag can no longer be changed, and can only be burned.
If the contamination of miscellaneous bacteria is not serious, it can be unpacked and re-packaged and re-sterilized, and re-inoculated for germ use. In addition, do a good job in environmental hygiene, sterilization must be thorough, vaccination should do a good job of disinfection, when taking out the sterilization stick in the steam cabinet, you must check whether the plastic bag is damaged, and the damaged one should be immediately put on a bag while it is hot in the cabinet. Only remove the inoculation. When stacking bacteria, the indoor temperature should not be too high, and the humidity should be controlled below 65%, otherwise the bacteria will easily invade the bag with the inoculation port.