First, the pepper industry overview
Capsicum is a plant of the solanaceous family and is one of the 5 cultivars of the genus Capsicum. Pepper is one of the main vegetable crops in China, pepper can be used as a vegetable directly edible, can also be made into chili sauce, extract chili oil, capsaicin, etc., in Our country pepper planting area ranked behind cabbage, but the output value and benefits are higher than cabbage and other vegetable crops. Species in the genus Chili pepper include:
Source: Compiled by Huajing Industry Research Institute
Originating in Central and South America, chili peppers were introduced to China in the late 16th century after more than 400 years of development, and have now become an important vegetable and condiment in China, which has played an important role in ensuring the balanced supply of Chinese vegetables and enriching people's lives. The history of China's pepper industry has mainly gone through the following five stages of development:
Second, the analysis of the current situation of the global pepper industry market
In terms of the global pepper market, according to statistics, the global pepper planting area from 2014 to 2020 is relatively stable, and the global pepper planting area is 1.999 million hectares as of 2020, an increase of 0.8 million hectares year-on-year.
Source: FAO, compiled by Huajing Industrial Research Institute
In terms of production, according to statistics, the global pepper production increased steadily from 2014 to 2020, and the global pepper production as of 2020 was 39.28 million tons, an increase of 3.29% year-on-year.
From the perspective of pepper production in all regions of the world, according to statistics, in 2019, China's pepper production of 19.907 million tons was far ahead of other countries and ranked first in the world; the second place in pepper production was Mexico, with an output of 3.238 million tons in 2019; followed by the EU 28 countries with an output of 2.815 million tons.
Related report: "2021-2026 China Pepper Planting Market Supply and Demand Status and Investment Strategy Research Report" released by Huajing Industry Research Institute
Third, the analysis of the current situation of China's pepper industry market
At present, China's pepper planting has gradually departed from seasonal and regional restrictions, forming a new trend of large-scale regional + small-scale planting. "Large region" mainly refers to the southern region of China, this area is China's main pepper planting area, with very obvious climatic advantages, such as Hainan, Guangxi and other provinces, autonomous regions and cities can grow peppers all year round, and can make peppers into dried peppers or other pepper products after exporting to the northern region, so as to make up for the gap in pepper demand in the northern region, according to statistics, as of 2020, China's pepper planting area is 814,000 hectares, an increase of 15,000 hectares year-on-year.
In terms of specific output, China's pepper production will continue to grow from 2014 to 2020, and as of 2020, China's pepper production will reach 19.6 million tons, an increase of 3.1% year-on-year.
Pepper processing methods are diverse, a wide variety of products, China's pepper import and export varieties are mainly three, one is fresh pepper, the second is dried pepper, the third is paprika; according to statistics, in 2018, the number of imported peppers in China increased sharply, and the import volume was 12 times that of 2017, mainly because of the high spiciness and low cost of Indian peppers. As of January-February 2021, China's pepper import volume was 27,100 tons, down 2.36% year-on-year. In terms of exports, according to statistics, the number of Pepper exports in China from 2015 to 2020 will increase year by year, and as of January-February 2021, the number of pepper exports in China will be 47,900 tons, an increase of 5.57% year-on-year.
Note: The data are calculated as the sum of fresh or refrigerated chili peppers and allspice fruits (07096000), unground dried peppers (09042100) and ground peppers (09042200).
Source: China Customs, compiled by Huajing Industrial Research Institute
In terms of import and export amount, according to statistics, since 2017, China's pepper imports have been growing, as of 2020, China's pepper imports reached 432.2909 million US dollars, an increase of 18.35% year-on-year, as of January-February 2021, China's pepper import amount was 62.0123 million US dollars, an increase of 45.79%; 2015-2020 China's pepper export amount continues to grow, As of January-February 2021, China's pepper export value was 107.3145 million US dollars, an increase of 1.64% year-on-year.
Fourth, pepper planting technology analysis
When China's pepper production is not enough to meet market demand, technicians in pepper breeding work usually pay more attention to pepper production, and high-yield pepper seedlings are more popular. However, with the optimization of China's agricultural technology and the gradual improvement of pepper production, people's demand for peppers is becoming more and more diversified, such as different spiciness, different taste, different shapes, etc. With the development of pepper planting technology and breeding technology in China, not only the variety of peppers is increasing, which can meet the different needs of different consumer groups, but also the ability of peppers to resist diseases and insect pests has been greatly improved, which has promoted the improvement of pepper quality and yield. In terms of breeding methods, hybridization is currently mainly used for breeding, which can effectively improve the resistance of peppers to diseases and insect pests, and even improve the storage tolerance of peppers.
Fifth, the status, advantages and development prospects of China's pepper industry
1. The vegetables with the largest planting area
Peppers are warm-loving vegetables that are insensitive to photoperiods but are affected by effective accumulated temperature. In China, from Tibet in the west, to Shanghai in the east, from Hainan Island in the south to Heilongjiang in the north, it can be planted and is one of the vegetables with the widest range of planting.
2, the largest consumption of condiments
According to statistics, in 2019, the consumption of peppers in China accounted for 30% of condiments, which is the largest condiment in China and the largest condiment in the world. From the late Qing Dynasty to the founding of New China, the country was poor and backward, food was scarce, and ordinary people needed to try their best to eat coarse grains to save their lives, and chili peppers became the best meal. Chili peppers first became popular in the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and after the reform and opening up, with the flow of population, the habit of eating chili peppers was brought to all parts of the country.
3, the most processed vegetables
There are many ways to process chili peppers, and there are many kinds of products, such as dried chili peppers; grinding dried chili peppers into powder, hot frying peppers with oil, and processing them into oil chili peppers; chopping fresh peppers, salting them fresh, and processing them into chopped peppers; processing chili peppers and flour into chili sauce; brewing fresh peppers in sour water to produce pickled peppers; blanching fresh peppers in boiling water and then drying them into white peppers; peeling off the outer fruit after burning fresh peppers, that is, burning peppers; processing chili pepper juice into chili juice; squeezing chili pepper seeds is chili seed oil Rapid artificial dehydration of fresh peppers, that is, dehydrated peppers; brewing peppers into chili wine, and so on. Chili peppers are the vegetables with the most processed methods and processed products.
4. The vegetables with the most consumption functions
In addition to the above-mentioned vegetable, seasoning and processing functions, peppers also have medicinal, feeding and ornamental functions, and are the vegetables with the most consumption functions. Pepper has the effect of promoting metabolism, dispersing cold and dehumidification; it can treat rheumatoid arthritis, joint pain, sprains or contusions, etc.; it is reported that the consumption of pepper is typically negatively correlated with death caused by cancer, heart disease and respiratory diseases.
As feed, pepper has a stimulating effect on the mouth and stomach of livestock and poultry, can increase gastrointestinal peristalsis, promote the secretion of digestive juices, improve appetite, and can inhibit abnormal fermentation in the intestine, kill and inhibit a variety of viruses and bacteria, increase the normal flora in the intestine, reduce the incidence of enteritis; can improve the quality of meat; feeding peppers to layer chickens can make the yolk orange-red, and improve the egg production rate.
Peppers are one of the most genetically diverse plants. Ornamental peppers include cherry peppers, jujube peppers, seven sister peppers, millet peppers, black finger peppers, yellow line peppers, snake-shaped peppers, wind chime peppers and other types, and have bred a large number of widely grown ornamental pepper varieties. Pepper is an important ornamental plant for China's science and technology demonstration garden, science popularization garden and rural tourism.
5. Grow vegetables with less risk
Peppers are not harsh on cultivation conditions, and in general, the fruit can be eaten regardless of size, shape or color, and peppers of different maturities can be sold or processed. Due to the large number of processing methods and large processing of peppers, the consumption time of listing is long and there is no consumption pressure of centralized listing, and the listing price is relatively stable. The outer skin of pepper is thicker, the absorption of pesticides is poor, the content of pesticide residues is lower than that of other vegetables, and there are basically no reports of pepper pesticide poisoning in the media. In short, pepper is a vegetable crop with low industrial risk and has a broad development prospect.
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