【Huang's Ancient Architecture Encyclopedia】【Huang Jian Bo Cai Feng Ying】【Traveling Around the Beauty Collection】
Jumbo Heritage List © Epic Adventure of Jumbo Huang
Do not deceive the dead, do not fail the living, and do not be ashamed of the comers
Episode 3351: Continuous irrigation of the waterwheel capital section, the Yellow River style Lanzhou Bund
© Original pictures (The copyright of the pictures in this picture and text belongs to Jumbo Huang, please contact "Huang Jie Bo Cai Feng Ying Ying Huang_Jumbo Ying Huang All pictures of this picture are not allowed to be reproduced in all non-complete screenshots! Please respect yourself, especially refuse to reprint all kinds of handmade special superimposed commercial website watermarks!
All rights reserved for this work. The pictures in the work shall not be used directly or indirectly for all commercial acts for the purpose of making profits, and those who violate them will be punished. Some of the text content in this illustration may be partially from the public network or the public domain, and is for personal study and appreciation only, and has no explicit commercial use (©Image by Jumbo Huang, Part of Text citation resources was from the public domain)
Lanzhou is the only provincial capital city where the Yellow River runs through the city. Lanzhou people used this resource to build the Yellow River style line according to local conditions.
The first thing I did when I came to Lanzhou was to take a walk on the Yellow River Style Line, which is the core scenic spot of Lanzhou City, Gansu Province, from Yantan in Chengguan District in the east to the west of Xigu District in the west, with a total length of more than 100 miles, which is the longest riverfront road in the city.
The Yellow River style line takes Zhongshan Bridge as the central axis, relies on the scenery on both sides of the Yellow River, and is located on the mountain, and the ingenious riverside scenic area is called "Lanzhou Bund" by guests traveling from south to north.
Lanzhou is a narrow, east-west stretch of the city, sandwiched between the north and south mountains, and the Yellow River passes through the city at the foot of the Kyushu Mountains in the north of the city. Along the banks of the Yellow River, two riverfront roads of tens of kilometers from east to west have been opened. Because the road surface is wide and straight, lined with flower bed nurseries, dotted with dots, it is known as a green corridor and is the longest riverfront road in the city.
Because the attractions are scattered on both sides of the Yellow River, north and south riverfront roads, walking takes too long, you can walk along the waterside fitness trail can also walk along the riverside road and combine with cars, some area attractions are dense, you can walk, some are far away, you can take a car. Admire the style of the Yellow River, and visit the many exquisite sculptures such as Pingsha Falling Geese, Bolang, Silk Ancient Road, Yellow River Mother, Journey to the West and so on along the way;
And visit Zhongshan Iron Bridge, Baitashan Park, Waterwheel Expo Park, Lanzhou Waterwheel Park, Yintan Wetland Park, Xujiashan Forest Park, Xiaoxihu Park, Lily Park, Longyuan Park, Baiyun Temple, Water Mosque, Lanzhou Forest of Steles, Marathon Theme Park and other dozens of attractions. During the tourist season, you can see the ancient raft ferry and experience the ancient charm of "bragging, crossing the Yellow River", or you can take a rubber boat to drift on the Yellow River. Binhe Road is known as the "Bund" of Lanzhou and has become a must-see scenic spot for tourists from outside Lanzhou.
Zhongshan Bridge is located at the north end of Zhongshan Road in Chengguan District, connecting the north and south Binhe Road, built in the 33rd year of Qing Guangxu (1907), the bridge is 234 meters long, 7.5 meters wide, has 6 piers and 5 holes, and 5 curved steel arch beams on the bridge. Initially named "Lanzhou Yellow River Iron Bridge", later renamed "Zhongshan Bridge". All the bridge construction materials were shipped from Germany to Tianjin in the thirty-third year of Guangxu (1907), and then transferred from Tianjin to Lanzhou by the Gansu General Bureau of Foreign Affairs. The engineers who built the bridge were the American Man Baoben and the German Dero, and the person in charge of construction was Liu Yongqi, a native of Tianjin. The construction staff consisted mainly of 69 foreign craftsmen hired by German merchants. It took 3 years to build. The cost of silver is more than 36,000 taels. It is known as "the first bridge of the Yellow River in the world".
Lanzhou Yellow River Ropeway was completed and operated on August 16, 1994, is a single-line pulsating circulation gondola ropeway, a total of four groups of cranes, each group of three vehicles, each can ride 6 people. The height difference between the ropeway and the station is 157 meters, the flat distance between the two stations is 1041 meters, and its operating speed is 2-4 meters per second. The lower ropeway station is located in the middle of the green corridor of South Binhe Road in the northern part of the city center, east of the Zhongshan Yellow River Iron Bridge, west of the Baiyun Temple, Lanzhou Water Park, Yellow River Mother, north across the scenic Baita Mountain; the upper station is located on the west side of the Peony Pavilion in Baitashan Park.
Take the Yellow River ropeway, fly over the rushing Yellow River, soar straight up the peaks and cascades, pavilion towering Tower Mountain, the mountain is lined with trees, birds and flowers, pleasant scenery, and there are many ancient buildings such as the famous White Pagoda Temple, so that the natural landscape and cultural landscape are integrated, known as "Lanzhou Hebei Body Painting Screen", there are countless tourists to this sightseeing tour every year. Taking the Yellow River Ropeway to visit Baitashan Park and Lanzhou Forest of Steles can avoid the fatigue of hiking, and have unlimited fun crossing the Yellow River.
The mosque is located in the middle of North Binhe Road, is one of the ancient mosques of Lanzhou, with a construction area of about 488 square meters, was built in the old country for three years, Lanzhou Floating Mosque is located on the north bank of the Yellow River, north of Baitashan Park, from the new Yellow River Bridge to see the mosque, like a jade Yellow River, unique style. The architectural style is novel, and it is an Arabic-style dome building.
Located between Xijin East Road and South Binhe Middle Road, originally the MingSu Royal Palace Garden, known as "West Garden", after several wars, in 1880, governor Yang Changjun was transferred from Zhejiang to Gan, rebuilt again, in order not to forget the meaning of the countryside, renamed "Little West Lake", known as one of the ancient eight scenic spots of Lanzhou, also known as "Lotus Pond Night Moon". Due to historical changes, the original "Little West Lake" garden can no longer be restored. In 1982, in order to restore ancient cultural sites and balance urban green space, the Lanzhou Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government built a comprehensive recreation park with local traditional styles - Xiaoxihu Park.
The total area of the park is 224.26 acres. At present, 70 acres of lake surface, 85 acres of green space, 25 acres of road squares and group scenery buildings have been built. The construction of the park strives to follow the layout of the original "Little West Lake", focusing on highlighting the garden style of the river, and creating a landscape of "borrowing the scenery of Jiuzhou, leaning on the Yellow River, the lake and mountains, and the palace and pavilion", which is not only the local style of the northern country, but also the beauty of the water town in the south of the river. The whole park is won by water features, and the whole lake is of different sizes and is divided into four water surfaces: the east side, the middle lake, the West Lake and the lotus pond in Asahi Island Qiongyao.
East of the lake is a large area of lawns, plant landscaping and adjustable large-scale water curtain lantern fountains; to the north is a tour rest area, there are rose flower walls, Helan Chrysanthemum Garden, moon flower beds, bamboo forests, cypress terraces and other flower and tree attractions, the lake shore willow waves smell warblers, tourists na cool fishing, boating on the lake, group scenery building gold and silver jiaoke, Huayue Mountain Qing, Lanxiu Building, Willow Shade Hall, Cuiyi Hall is in the green trees and blue waves, playing the role of the finishing touch, Asahi Island, water pavilion building lying waves, snail pavilion is a wonderful place for tourists to enjoy the scenery, poetry and painting. In the western part of the park, a modern 8,000 square meter outdoor swimming pool has been built, which is divided into three parts: deep pool, shallow pool and children's paddling pool, with turf planted on land and tables and stools for visitors to rest and entertain.
Green Hope is located 180 meters east of the Yellow River Mother Sculpture. It was donated by more than 1.3 million teenagers in Gansu and was built in July 1987. The main statue is composed of three white jade cone deformation trees with a height of 11 meters, 8 meters and 3 meters, with jagged heights and heights, standing densely in the garden green space, which means that the three trees become "forest", reflecting the great feat of the people of Gansu planting grass and planting trees and greening Longyuan, symbolizing the growth of Longyuan youth.
The raft is located in the "White Pagoda Overlook" small amusement park in the eastern section of South Binhe Road, and was made by Wang Xingzhong on October 1, 1986. The sculpture is inlaid with Yellow River pebbles from a reinforced concrete pedestal, in the form of a giant wave of the Yellow River. The raft flew obliquely above the tip of the wave, breaking the waves and flying; there was a sense of chasing the wind. The bronze rafter kneels and swings the oar, followed by a kneeling girl with her right hand clasped around her sideburns, looking serene. This sculpture reproduces the transportation mode of the Yellow River in the past, using rafts as a ferry, and is the main content of Lanzhou's Yellow River culture.
The Silk Road Ancient Road is located at the southern end of the Chengguan Yellow River Bridge and the southern section of Binhe Road. The sculpture takes a camel of the Silk Road Ancient Road as the core, carved from granite, with a height of 6 meters, a length of 7 meters, and a weight of more than 100 tons, which reflects the grand situation of the Silk Road in the Prosperous Tang Dynasty. The male camel is full of satin, riding a cape on top and looking at the elderly with a canopy in his right hand. A deep-eyed bearded Hu Shang in the front of the right side of the camel pulled stiffly backwards. A young man behind the right of the camel made a trumpet-like shout in the right hand to follow the camel team. The composition of the sculpture is simple, the overall solemnity, the momentum is magnificent, and it makes people feel deserted and desolate.
Located on the west side of Baitashan Park, the Lanzhou Forest of Steles displays the famous inscriptions of Gansu that have been engraved or collected, including the Western Xia Stele in both Han and Western Xia scripts, the Dachongjiao Temple Stele in both Han and Tibetan scripts, the Xining Wang Stele in Han and Mongolian scripts, the Zhenhai Temple Stele in Han and Bashi Bawen, the Wang Renyu Shinto Stele, the Princess Honghua Tombstone, and the Gongshan Stele. The East-West Stele Gallery displays the works of famous people from Gansu and the codex of celebrities from past dynasties. From Zhang Zhi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liang Hu from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the Cao Wei Period, Suojing of the Western Jin Dynasty, Li Shimin and Li Bai of the Tang Dynasty, all the way to Hu Miaozong, Zou Yinglong, Xing Shu, Zhang Shu, An Weijun, Liu Erxin, Ma Fuxiang, Liang Qichao, Fan Zhenxu and so on.
Yintan Wetland is located under the Yintan Bridge on North Binhe Road, about 3 kilometers long, with an area of 286,400 square meters, mainly composed of the Ancestral Garden of Chinese Humanities, "Four Lakes (Migratory Bird Lake, Yuyue Lake, Yujie Lake, Waterfowl Lake), One Water (3,000 meters Water System), one (2,000 meters Wooden Boardwalk)", of which the lake body and water area are 59,000 square meters, and the green area is 206,880 square meters.
Pingsha Falling Goose, also known as "Fangzhou Siyan", is located in the eastern section of South Binhe Road, south of Yantan Tip. The sculpture shows three stainless steel geese of different sizes flying away from the water in an irregular shallow pond, and the west bank of the pond is dotted with five "goose eggs", which are staggered. The overall abstract method is adopted, slightly deformed, and it looks novel and unique. This sculpture is based on the landscape of "Fangzhou Siyan", one of the new ten scenic spots in Lanzhou, and the legend of Yantan, which conveys the ecological balance of Lanzhou and the desire of the geese to return to the Yantan, and makes people think of the life succession process of the geese from conception to male flight.
Located in the middle of Nanbinhe Road, the Mother of the Yellow River is the most beautiful of many sculptural artworks in the country that represent the Yellow River, the mother of the Chinese nation. It has high artistic value and has won the "Excellence Award" in the first national urban sculpture scheme competition. The composition consists of "mother" and two "baby boys". Mother's hair is fluttering, her demeanor is kind, her body is long and symmetrical, her curves are beautiful, she smiles slightly, she looks up and bends her right arm slightly, and lies on her back on the waves. On the right side is a naked baby boy, with his head slightly to the left, raising his head and smiling, looking naughty and cute. The composition of the sculpture is refined, and the meaning is profound, symbolizing the mother of the Yellow River who nurtures the endless and indomitable Life of the Chinese nation, and the happy, happy and thriving Chinese descendants.
The Yellow River originates in Qinghai, and the waters flowing through Lanzhou are not as open as its downstream, but the forty-mile Yellow River style line that Lanzhou people have invested heavily in has become the first choice for people to relax and entertain, and even some southern tourists have praised its beauty. The completed Qilihe Yellow River Bridge, imposing and unique in shape, although its main piers are only three, but rely on the bridge deck has two bundles of steel pipes that play a pulling role, so that the bridge is more solid and pleasing to the eye. The statue of the "Yellow River Mother" located not far from the bridge is famous all over the world, so it attracts many tourists to take photos here every day.
The "Lanzhou Waterwheel Park", which is not far from the "Mother of the Yellow River", although the two-wheeled waterwheel with a height of tens of meters has been "idle" and not used, it seems to tell the past of the Yellow River in Lanzhou. The water wheel was created by Duan Jiatai of Lanzhou in the Ming Dynasty, and once leisurely irrigated 10,000 acres of fertile land on both sides of the Yellow River. However, the most exciting thing is the Yellow River Ropeway not far from the "Waterwheel Park". In the distance, I saw that the cable truck carrying people was slowly sliding from the south bank of the river to the north bank of the river, and the rushing Yellow River was flying over.
On the other side of the river, the White Pagoda Mountain is majestic and undulating, and has the potential to arch and embrace the Golden City. Under the Libai Pagoda, you can overlook the Yellow River under the mountain and the whole city of Lanzhou, although there is no "yellow river water from heaven" trend, but it is like a modern "Qingming river map", let people face the beautiful scenery, admired. The Yellow River style line built along the river in Lanzhou is like a string of dazzling pearls, attracting Chinese and foreign tourists from all directions.
Lanzhou Waterwheel Expo Park is located in The South Binhe East Road of the Yellow River Style Line. It is connected to the Zhongliqiao Wharf and Sports Park in the east, and to the west by the water platform, Lanzhou Port, Zhongshan Bridge, Baitashan Park and other scenic spots. Lanzhou Waterwheel Expo Park is composed of waterwheel park, waterwheel square, cultural square, Lanzhou grip bridge, water curtain performance square and other parts, reproducing the spectacular scene of waterwheels on both sides of the Yellow River more than 50 years ago.
Lanzhou Waterwheel Park is located in the middle of South Binhe Road, adjacent to the "Yellow River Iron Bridge" in the east, the "Yellow River Mother" sculpture in the west, the Baitashan Park in the north, the West Lake Park in the south, and the Baiyun Temple, which is an important scene on the Yellow River style line. Lanzhou water wheel, also known as "crane", "overturning car", "irrigation car", "tiger car", has a long history, strange shape, originated in the Ming Dynasty, is the oldest irrigation tool along the ancient Yellow River in Lanzhou.
The park is composed of two-wheeled water wheels, cofferdams, water mill service rooms and recreation areas, standing on the south bank of the Yellow River, using natural water currents to boost the rotation during the peak water season, and diverting the cofferdam to gather water in the dry season, through the small canal between the weirs, and the river water is boosted by the self-flow. When the water flow naturally impulses the wheel blade, push the water wheel to rotate, the water bucket will scoop the river water, and then pour into the wooden trough after turning to the headspace, and then pour into the wooden trough, which flows into the garden for irrigation. The water wheel park reproduces the ancient water conservancy machinery of the water wheel, which can make Chinese and foreign tourists take a look.
Duan Continued, Zi Shaoxian, Dongchuan, Lanzhou Duanjiatan people. In the second year of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty (1523), he served as a scholar of Yunnan Province, and was promoted to deputy envoy of Miyun Military Armament after Huguang Senate. When governing the localities, we should not fear the power, eliminate the accumulated evils, be open and forget the selfish, and praise the praises. When he was a senator in Huguang, he saw the barrel cart made of local bamboo and wood, using hydraulic wheels to rotate, carrying water to irrigate the fields, with remarkable effect, so he carefully examined its structural principles, drew drawings, visited farmers, consulted craftsmen, and learned manufacturing methods.
After resigning from the government in his later years, he returned to Lanzhou, and deeply felt that the peasants on both sides of the Yellow River in Lanzhou had suffered from repeated droughts, so he prepared his own wood and hired craftsmen to imitate according to the map. However, due to the lack of proficiency in the construction principle, several failures, several modifications to the drawings, and finally succeeded. A wheel of waterwheel created for the first time by Duan continued to be installed in the Xiaonanhe River of Duanjiatan, which was called "ancestral car" by posterity.
Since then, farmers on both sides of the Yellow River in Lanzhou have imitated and watered farmland with water wheels, with remarkable results, and by the eve of the opening of Lanzhou in 1949, there were 252 water wheels in the city, and the irrigation area reached more than 100,000 mu. Waterwheel watering has the advantages of saving manpower, animal power, low cost, and good management. Duan continued to create water wheels according to local conditions, and made important contributions to the development of water conservancy, the promotion of agricultural production, and the benefit of Sangzi, and the people of Lanzhou still forget their merits.
Duan Jian's nephew Duan Ji (段續), also known as Duan Shaoxian (字邵先), was awarded the title of Imperial Historian of Yunnan Province by The Imperial Household of Yunnan Province. In the "Great Ceremony" of the following year, Duan Xu was imprisoned for impeaching Xi Shu and Gui Calyx, which annoyed Ming Shizong.
Originally, Emperor Wuzong of Ming had no sons, and after his death, the empress dowager and Yang Tinghe, the head of the cabinet, in accordance with the provisions of the "Emperor Ming Ancestral Training" of "brother to brother and brother", welcomed Emperor Wuzong's uncle's son Zhu Houxuan to succeed to the throne. Zhu Houxuan was the son of Zhu Huzhuo, the Prince of Xingxian, the grandson of Emperor Xianzong, and Emperor Xiaozong. The nephew of Emperor Wuzong's father and the cousin of Emperor Wuzong, the fiefdom of The Land of Huguang' Anlu? Present-day Zhongxiang, Hubei. Zhu Houxuan was 15 years old when he was welcomed to Beijing by the Xingwang Palace, and Zhengde succeeded to the throne on April 22, 1521, and changed the next year to the first year of Jiajing, which was for Sejong.
Zhu Houxuan belonged to Xiaozong, and was not succeeded to the imperial system as the crown prince but as the prince of the outer domain, which created a series of serious problems in feudal etiquette. After Sejong ascended the throne, he had to honor his own parents, give him the title of emperor, build an imperial mausoleum, and turn Xiaozong into a large emperor, and so on, and launched a fierce struggle for 20 years, which was the "great ceremonial discussion" of the Jiajing Dynasty.
Lanzhou people are more straight, and Duan Xu is no exception.
He impeached Xi Shu and others, that is, to advocate that Sejong honor Emperor Xiaozong as his father, but to oppose the respect of his biological father, Sejong was able to not be angry, so he issued an edict to send him to prison, and duan continued to squat in prison for a period of time before being demoted to Henan to be a county magistrate, and soon promoted to Qixian Zhi County. Regardless of the size of the official position, Duan Xu can lead the people to cultivate the fields, eliminate the evils, and make a lot of noise. Tell the old man to return to his hometown to create a Lanzhou water wheel...
According to the "Chronicle of the Reconstruction of Gaolan County", it was created by Duan Jiatan, a native of Duanjiatan, Lanzhou in the Ming Dynasty. "When he was staying in the house, he created a car overturned, turned the river upside down, and irrigated the fields, so that there was ingenuity. Boat River farmers follow suit. "Duan Continued, Zi Shaoxian, Ming Jiajing's second year of jinshi." Erudite and talented, he has traveled to several southern provinces and has many Huisheng. During his tenure as the imperial history of Yunnan Province, he developed a strong interest in local barrel cars, so he sent people to draw drawings and keep them around. Later, because he was convicted of neglecting to play in the imperial court, he was demoted to The County of Yucheng County, Henan, and moved to Zhi County, QiXian County.
During this period, due to his outstanding reputation for eliminating accumulated shortcomings, he was promoted to Huguang Senator and Deputy Envoy of Miyun Military Armament. In his later years, he returned to his hometown and devoted himself to the imitation of water wheels, and after many iterations, he finally succeeded in the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556 AD).
In 1556 AD, Duan Continued to borrow the cylinder truck irrigation technology of the Tonghe River in Yunnan and created a water wheel suitable for the local area in Lanzhou. It began to be erected on the north bank of the Yellow River outside the present-day Guangwu Gate. Later, three rounds were erected at the north entrance of the present-day Zhenyuan Road to irrigate more than 600 acres of vegetable orchards nearby. The name "Waterwheel Park" is derived from this.
However, some people believe that the Lanzhou water wheel was neither imported from the southwest nor began in the Ming Dynasty. The reason is that during the Five Dynasties period (907-960 AD), the Great Food (known as the Arab Empire since the Tang Dynasty) as Ibn Mohammer's Travels contains the situation of "China's Royal City" (referring to the ancient city of Shandan in present-day Gansu, some people also believe that it refers to the ancient city of Zhangye) irrigating farmland with water wheels.
And it is inferred from this that at least five generations ago, Lanzhou already had a water wheel, and it may be the invention of the people of Lanzhou. Whether this inference can be established or not still needs to be proved by historical data.
The Yellow River water wheel uses the impulse of the water flow to work and becomes a cheap and efficient irrigation tool. The small water wheel is 178 meters in diameter and more than 20 meters in diameter, and there are single vehicles, double vehicles and multiple vehicles, and a water wheel can irrigate 700 or 800 acres of farmland. After the end of the Ming Dynasty, large water wheels were widely used in Gaolan, Baiyin, Jingchuan, Pingliang, Yinchuan and Shaanxi in the Yellow River Basin, which promoted the development of agricultural production in these areas.
Unlike the keel water wheel in the south, the Lanzhou water wheel resembles a huge ancient wheel. The radius of the wheel is nearly 10 meters for the large one and 5 meters for the small one. Water can be lifted up to 15-18 meters high. The hub of the spokes is a thick axle with two rows of parallel spokes around the axle, and a scraper at the end of each row of spokes, with a rectangular bucket between the scrapers that can be moved. There are stone dams on both sides of the wheels, and their main purpose is to fix the supports of the water wheel and to collect and divert the water under the water wheel.
There is a wooden trough on the water wheel. The water flow pushes the scraper, driving the water wheel to turn slowly, and the bucket fills the river water in turn, slowly rising, when it rises to the center above the wheel, the bucket mouth turns down, pours the water into the wooden trough, from the wooden trough into the water channel, and then from the canal into the field.
Although its irrigation capacity is very small, but because of the non-stop rotation of day and night, from the beginning of the rise of the river in March and April every year, until the winter water level drops, a water wheel, the large can water six or seven hundred acres of farmland, the small can also water two or three hundred acres of land, and do not need other energy, so it is very popular with farmers, in a fairly long historical period, has become an irrigation tool along the Yellow River in Lanzhou.
The structure of the waterwheel is made entirely of wood, radiating from the center of the axle to the surroundings of the parallel spokes, and at the end of the spokes, there is a scraper, and a long barrel-like water bucket is installed between the scrapers, and a V-shaped stone dam is built in the river, so that the river water gushes under the waterwheel, the rapids push the scraper, the water wheel rotates, and at the same time, the bucket full of river water rises one after another, pours the water into the sink, and then introduces it into the farmland. The waterwheel of the Waterwheel Park outside the Guangwu Gate in Lanzhou City is the first part completed by Duan, which is named after the Waterwheel Park and inherited.
After hundreds of years of development, lanzhou yellow river waterwheel has formed some basic characteristics of itself:
First, because the Lanzhou Yellow River water wheel was technologically advanced at that time, the cost was low, and it was a good water conservancy irrigation tool, which changed the situation of relying on the sky on both sides of the Yellow River to eat, so it had the characteristics of dependence.
Second, due to the migration of foreign domains and the stationing of troops in the local tun reclamation border, coupled with the vast land and large population of the Yellow River Basin, it has the characteristics of extensiveness.
Third, the Lanzhou Yellow River water wheel was imitated by Duan Xuyi when he traveled to the southwestern provinces, saw the local use of bamboo barrel trucks to draw water for irrigation, and returned to Lanzhou to imitate.
Fourth, duan continued to use elm, locust, willow, etc. when making water wheels, so it has the characteristics of simplicity.
Fifth, since the creation of the water wheel, it has always stood on the bank of the Yellow River, with the flow and inertia of the Yellow River water, driving the rotation of the water wheel, so it has ornamental characteristics.
Lanzhou waterwheel is an important part of the culture of the Yellow River Basin, and its contribution to the people of Lanzhou and downstream is enormous, and it has played an immeasurable role in the development of Lanzhou society.
On both sides of the Yellow River in Lanzhou, water wheels were once widely used, and when the water rose in summer and autumn, the water wheels rotated day and night, which was quite spectacular. Due to the different amounts of irrigation, the size of water wheels varies, and large water wheels can irrigate six or seven hundred acres, and small ones can irrigate two or three hundred acres. The rotation of the water wheel begins roughly in March and April and ends when the water falls in winter.
At that time, water wheels were used from Guide in Qinghai, through Lanzhou, and down to Ningxia Zhongwei, and according to statistics, there were 350 and 60 water wheels. Nowadays, the water wheel has been replaced by irrigation machinery, and only a few water wheels have been retained, which not only dot the scenery on both sides of the Yellow River, but also leave us with the footprints of the advance of the times, so that people can trace the past and care for the present.
The Yellow River water wheel is an important part of the Yellow River culture, which embodies the creativity of the Chinese nation and provides a witness for the study of China's agricultural civilization and water conservancy history. The invention of the water wheel laid the foundation for the people to live and work in peace and contentment and social harmony and stability.
In 1952, there were still 252 water wheels on the banks of the Yellow River in Lanzhou. Since the widespread application of electric irrigation technology, waterwheels have decreased year by year, and there is a lack of successors to the producers, facing an endangered situation, and the protection of the production technology of the Yellow River water wheel has become an urgent and important task.
Lanzhou Waterwheel Park is located in the east section of Binhe Middle Road on the south bank of the Yellow River Ribbon Park, east of Zhongshan Bridge, Yellow River Ropeway; west of the "Yellow River Mother", "Green Hope"; south of the West Lake Park; north of Jiuzhoutai, Baitashan Park across the river, and the Yellow River "White Horse Wave" as a neighbor, is a unique garden in the park.
Lanzhou waterwheel is an ancient yellow irrigation facility. She skillfully took the water of the Yellow River and irrigated the farmland, which brought convenience to the lives of the people on both sides of the Yellow River and promoted the development of various productions. The Lanzhou water wheel was created by Duan Jiatan, a native of Lanzhou in the Ming Dynasty. Duan Continued, Ming Jiajing's second-year jinshi, served as the imperial history of Yunnan Province. Yunnan is watery and uses simple cars to irrigate the fields, and Duan continued to return to his hometown and learned from Yunnan simple cars to devote himself to the creation of water wheels.
In the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556 AD), the first round of waterwheel was successfully produced on the north bank of the Yellow River outside GuangwuMen. After more than 400 years, the water wheel created by Duan Xu has been perfected day by day, forming its own unique style. She is majestic and rough, spinning slowly, pouring the river water day after day to irrigate 10,000 acres of fertile land. By 1952, two hundred and fifty-two wheels of water wheels lined the banks of the Yellow River,
The flowing water is incessant and spectacular, adding a unique charm to the Golden City. As a result, Lanzhou is known as the "Capital of Waterwheel". In order to carry forward the yellow river culture, develop tourism resources, and display the wisdom and wisdom of the sons and daughters of the Yellow River, with the approval of the municipal government, the Lanzhou waterwheel was rebuilt and the majesty of the waterwheel was reproduced. The construction of Lanzhou waterwheel project has been valued and supported by the National Tourism Administration, the Gansu Provincial Tourism Bureau, and the Lanzhou Municipal Government.
The waterwheel park covers an area of 14,588 square meters and is composed of three parts: strip green space, sediment alluvial island and willow shade beach. The main construction projects of planning and design are: two wheels of antique water wheels with a diameter of 16.5 meters, a two-storey water pavilion-type comprehensive service hall, and supplemented by small architectural scenes. The construction of the project was carried out in two phases, the first phase of the project began on October 15, 1993, and was completed on August 10, 1994, after seven years, the waterwheel park has successively completed the construction of the main project and supporting engineering facilities, and completed the treatment and transformation of the surrounding environment of the waterwheel park.
One of the most local attractions in Lanzhou on the Baili Yellow River Style Line, completed in 1994, built by Lanzhou Municipal Tourism Bureau, made by Gao Qirong, a special carpenter of Baiyin City, with a diameter of up to 16. 5 meters.
Lanzhou tourism takes autumn as the best, as the hometown of melons and fruits, when the fruit harvest is enough to make people feast. In addition, the Eid al-Fitr festival in September is quite distinctive, and the annual "Lanzhou China Silk Road Festival" is also held in September.
The waterwheel has a long history and peculiar appearance, originated in the Ming Dynasty, and is the oldest irrigation tool along the ancient Yellow River in Lanzhou. Lanzhou water wheel, also known as "sky car", "overturning car", "irrigation car", "tiger car", the park is composed of two-wheeled water wheel, cofferdam, water mill service room and recreation area, standing on the south bank of the Yellow River, the peak water season uses natural water currents to boost the rotation;
In the dry season, the cofferdam is diverted to gather water, and through the small canal between the weirs, the river flows freely. When the water flow naturally impulses the wheel blade, push the water wheel to rotate, the water bucket will scoop the river water, and then pour into the wooden trough after turning to the headspace, and then pour into the wooden trough, which flows into the garden for irrigation. The water wheel park reproduces the ancient water conservancy machinery of the water wheel, which can make Chinese and foreign tourists take a look.
Located in the western section of Binhe Road, adjacent to Zhongshan Bridge in the east, the "Yellow River Mother" sculpture in the west, the Baitashan Park in the north and the Baiyun Temple in the south, it is an important scene on the tourist line of Binhe Road. The Waterwheel Park is a specially designed and imitated tour park by the Lanzhou Municipal Tourism Bureau to reproduce the ancient irrigation tool of the waterwheel.
Located in the west section of Binhe Road in the city, adjacent to the "Yellow River Iron Bridge" in the east, the "Yellow River Mother" sculpture in the west, the Baitashan Park in the north and the Baiyun Temple in the south, it is an important scene on the tourist line of Binhe Road. The waterwheel park is located in Binhe Middle Road, adjacent to the Yellow River Iron Bridge in the east, the Yellow River Mother Sculpture in the west, the White Pagoda Mountain in the north, and the West Lake Park in the south.
There are two-wheeled water wheels, cofferdams and water mills in the park. Lanzhou waterwheel is the oldest irrigation tool along the Yellow River, resembling the wheel of an ancient chariot, the spokes are about 20 meters, the smallest is more than 10 meters, can lift water 15 meters - 18 meters, the hub of the spoke is about 1 meter diameter of the axle and twice as many horizontal plates as the wooden bucket.
There is a scraper at the end of the spoke, and an equidistant diagonal rectangular bucket is installed between the scrapers, which is pushed by the water flow during the peak season and diverted by the cofferdam to gather water through the weir canal during the dry period. When the water wheel turns, the dipped bucket fills the river water, and when it turns into the overhead, it is poured into the wooden trough, which flows into the countryside continuously.
Lanzhou water wheel is also known as crane, rollover, also known as tiger car. Before the Ming Dynasty, Lanzhou residents relied on the Mengquan Spring, Huiquan spring and Hongnigou spring water of Wuquan Mountain for domestic use, and there were few water sources for irrigation. After Ming Jiajing's five-year (1523) Lanzhou people continued to pass the entrance examination for the middle jinshi, zeng eunuch traveled to several southern provinces, and had a strong interest in wooden barrel cars in the Huguang area, so he sent people to paint a pattern and keep it around, and after returning to his hometown in his later years, he devoted himself to the imitation of the waterwheel, and after repeated experiments, he finally succeeded in the thirty-fifth year of Jiajing (1556), the earliest erected on the north bank of the Yellow River outside the current Guangwu Gate, and then set up a three-wheeled water wheel at the north entrance of the original road in the present town to irrigate the nearby 600 acres of vegetable and vegetable orchards, "waterwheel garden" This is where the place name comes from.
After the success of the waterwheel, farmers on both sides of the Yellow River competed to imitate it, and by the end of the Qing Dynasty, Lanzhou had 157 waterwheels (according to 1891 statistics). Before and after liberation, there were more than 350 water wheels on the banks of the Yellow River from Guide, Qinghai, down to Zhongwei, Ningxia. In 1952, Lanzhou had 252 waterwheels, and there were many waterwheels on both sides of the Yellow River, with a total irrigation area of 100,000 mu. At that time, the number of waterwheels in Lanzhou was 8 times that of Hama, Syria, which was known as the "City of Waterwheels", and became the real "watermill capital" of the world at that time.
There are many sheepskin rafts on the riverside, and interested visitors can experience the feeling of "bragging about crossing the Yellow River". The sheepskin raft is one of the most primitive and oldest ferry tools along the Yellow River in the northwest region, made of sheepskin or cowhide. Because of the simple production, low cost, easy to use, and most of the upper reaches of the Yellow River are pastoral areas, sheepskin has a wide range of sources, and the sheepskin raft has become a tool for crossing the river with a long history on the Yellow River. The earliest record of the use of sheepskin rafts in the northwest is found in the Book of later Han, when the Lieutenant of the Qiang Dynasty "sewed leather bags into boats" when he led soldiers across the river in Guide, Qinghai. Copyright Around the World.
There are records of rafts in the Notes on the Water Classics, the Old Book of Tang, and the History of Song. In modern times, the most detailed description of the feelings of the "raft passengers" and rafts on the Yellow River is Mr. Fan Changjiang's "Northwest Corner of China", on April 24, 1936, Fan Changjiang left Lanzhou on the cowhide raft of the Hui people in Hezhou, went to Zhongwei in Ningxia on the 30th, and then changed cars to Baotou and spent five days and four nights on the raft. The raft that Fan Changjiang was riding on at that time was a larger raft made of 120 cowhide bags, "stable and relaxed, sitting and reading, all very suitable." There are 6 sailors on the raft, three oars in front of and behind the palms.
The most developed period of sheepskin rafts was around the end of the Qing Dynasty, mainly for long-distance trafficking between Qinghai-Lanzhou-Baotou, and most of the raft customers were Huimin in Linxia, Hezhou. The Yellow River raft is divided into two kinds, the largest sheepskin raft is made of more than 600 sheepskins, up to 12 meters long, about 7 meters wide, 6 oars in front and behind each, can load 20 to 30 tons, down the river can travel 200 kilometers a day, from Lanzhou to Baotou 12 days can be reached. Small rafts are generally made of 12 to 13 sheepskin bags, mainly used to transport vegetables from the suburbs to the city, cross the river and cross the river.
References: Academic paper content from Xiong Jincheng. Non-wandering set of continuous self-mapping of line segments. CNKI, 1984 Gao Jianfang, Liu Mingzhu. Numerical vibrationality of the θ-method for the continuously leading delay differential equation of independent variable segmentation. CNKI, 2008 Lv Wanjin, Song Yingchun. Numerical stability of runge-Kutta methods for segmented continuous differential equations of advanced independent variables. 《 CNKI; WanFang, 2010 Tao Chunsheng, Ni Bin, Song Zhanzhao, Xu Peng, etc. Journal of Bone and Joint Injury in China, 2014 Chao Ning, Li Yanjun. Halo track control method based on segmented continuous thrust. Journal of Astronautics, 2011