Gao Taotao in "Qing Ping Le" dominated the fate of Emperor Huizong of Song?

He has been keeping the great cause for six years out of ten... Emperor Duan Wang,the son of the former emperor, and the beloved brother of The Emperor also... It can be used to take the throne as emperor before the coffin. ...... At the beginning of Fang Sijun's practice, he asked the empress dowager to punish him at the request of the military and state affairs. (The Song Dynasty Edict Ji Yuanfu Legacy System (In the third year of Shaosheng, Emperor Zhezong of Song made emperor Zhao Tuo the Prince of Duan, and after Zhao Tuo ascended the throne, he became Emperor Huizong of Song.) ）

This is the "Yuanfu Testament System" written by Cai Jing, a Scholar of Hanlin, which is the era name of the Northern Song Dynasty's Zhezong after the third change of the Yuan, and the "Yuanfu Will System" is also the will of Zhezong, which is the main basis for the legitimacy of Emperor Huizong's ascension to the throne.

The "Collection of Edicts of the Song Dynasty" preserves the legacy of all the emperors of the Northern Song Dynasty before Emperor Huizong, and the content is very similar, among them, the "Qianxing (Zhenzong Year) Legacy System" and "Yuanfeng (Shenzong Year Number) Legacy System" respectively contain "military and state affairs and take the punishment of the emperor and the empress dowager", "should be the military and state affairs and the emperor and the empress dowager have the same punishment", that is, we often say today "hanging the curtain and listening to the government".

However, Emperor Renzong took the throne at the age of 13, and Emperor Zhezong was only 10 years old when he ascended the throne (all of them were imaginary years old), still young chong, and could not go to the court alone, so it is understandable that the empress dowager and the empress dowager hung the curtain, but Song Huizong took the throne at the age of 19, and "left the cabinet" two years ago, should be regarded as a "long prince", so Zeng Bu, who was a personal witness at the time of the formation and drafting of the posthumous system, was a little puzzled about the phrase "at the beginning of Fang Sijun's practice of the will system, he asked the empress dowager to be punished at the same time as the military and state affairs":

Shang (Emperor Huizong of Song) secretly decreed that "it is appropriate to tell Niangniang again and again, and beg to listen to the government." Yu Yun: "Your Majesty's holy virtue is humble, but he wants to do so, but Changjun does not have this story, and I don't know what the empress dowager's holy will is?" Shangyun: "The empress dowager has promised to ,...... The system of merger and testament has not been lowered, and can be added. (The Testament of Zengbu Zenggong)

It can be seen from this that "at the beginning of Fang Sijun's practice, he asked the empress dowager to dispose of the empress dowager for the same punishment in response to military and state affairs"—a rather puzzling move that was temporarily added at the initiative of Emperor Huizong himself. So, why was Emperor Huizong of Song willing to put on a tight curse for himself? Especially considering how much his dead brother, Zhezong, had dreamed of getting rid of the empress dowager's control, Song Huizong, who was only 6 years younger than his brother, could not have been ignorant of this.

What kind of secrets were involved in the "story" about the empress dowager's curtain before Emperor Huizong ascended the throne? I would like to wait for the next time to go into more details, but this detail itself is enough to prove that this so-called "Yuanfu will" in the name of Zhezong's will actually has nothing to do with the "true meaning" of Emperor Daxing, not only that, does the so-called will itself exist? That's doubt.

Imagine how cruel it would be for a young man who was only 23 years old to appoint an heir to himself? However, if Zhezong does have a legacy, then what kind of content will it have? All of this will be a mystery to be solved.

One

To solve the mystery of Emperor Huizong's ascension to the throne, we need to first clarify one point: what really happened during the reign of Emperor Zhezong, that is, the "six years out of ten" (in fact, only 14 years and 10 months) mentioned in the "YuanFu Relic System"?

In the eighth year of YuanFeng (1085), in March 5, Emperor Shenzong of Song collapsed, and the crown prince took the throne as Emperor Zhezong. Song Zhezong, whose first name was Dai, after taking the throne, changed his name to Xu, was the sixth son of Song Shenzong, born in 1076) on the seventh day of the first lunar month, died on the twelfth day of the first month of 1100), full of calculations, Zhezong only lived for twenty-three years and one month.

When it comes to the politics of the late Northern Song Dynasty, especially the four dynasties of God, Zhe, Hui, and Qin, Wang Anshi's transformation of the law is the only topic that cannot be circumvented, but this is not the focus of our discussion. In fact, the specific content and articles of Wang Anshi's transformation method are neither Wang Anshi's original creation, nor Wang Anshi's original works, which raises a question: Why are some of the programs that others seem to have implemented effectively, but after Being implemented by Wang Anshi, they are almost unanimously opposed by scholars and bureaucrats?

If we take into account another point, the main members who opposed Wang Anshi's reform of the law, or the participants in the "New Deal for the Qingli", such as Han Qi, Wen Yanbo, and Fu Bi, or those who had personally experienced the journey before and after the "Qingli New Deal", such as Sima Guang, Fan Zhen, and Lü Jie, or who had grown up in the atmosphere of "experiencing the New Deal", such as Su Shi, etc., all had the ideal or practice of changing the law and reforming the law, the above questions are even more confusing.

"Celebrating three years of the calendar... Mr. Qishi said, "Han, Fan, Fu, and Ouyang, these four people, Ren Jieye." Although the time is not over, it is already self-conscious. (Preface to the Collected Writings of Su Shi Fan Wenzheng)

Fan Zhongyan's "Book of Practice on Playing shang", Sima Guang's "On Wealth and Profit" and "On the Neglect of Style", Wang Anshi's "Book of Words and Deeds of Emperor Shangrenzong", Su Shi's "Book of Emperor Shangshenzong" and "Book of Emperor Zaishang" can be regarded as the respective reform outlines of Fan Zhongyan, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi, and Su Shi.

In the second year of the Qing calendar, Wang Anshi raised a soldier, and it was impossible not to be touched by the "New Deal of the Qing Calendar", and Wang Anshi, like Fan Zhongyan, was influenced by Li Qian. There is no doubt that Wang Anshi's strategy of changing the law has learned the lesson of the "New Deal for celebrating the calendar", and the sword has taken the side.

However, what is quite paradoxical is that due to the intensification of party strife in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the rise of Taoism since the Southern Song Dynasty, the performances and anthologies of the fa-reform faction, especially the backbone of the fa-change, such as Lu Huiqing and Zhang Wei, have been destroyed or obliterated. The thoughts and public opinions of the scholars and masters were indeed unified as Wang Anshi had conceived, but they were not unified with Wang Anshi's Three Classics and New Righteousness, but with Wang Anshi's critics, the "old party" disciples, the "Taoist" lineage.

Ps: "Rigaku", known to the Song people as "Taoism", see "Song Shi Daoxue Biography", "Dao Minglu" and so on. The "second course" in "Cheng Zhu Lixue", namely the brothers Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, among them, Cheng Haochu participated in the new law and later opposed the new law; in Yuan Youzhong, Cheng Yi was recommended by Sima Guang as a lecturer of Zhezong and an opponent of the new law. His protégés formed the so-called "Luo Party", which was incompatible with the so-called "Shu Party" of the Su Shi brothers and was a "Yuanyou Party Struggle".

In fact, in different periods such as Xi Ning, Yuan Feng, and Yuan You, there were obvious differences and changes in the focus of criticism of opponents, but scholars who studied Wang Anshi's transformation method did not distinguish between them, but confused it and generally reduced it to the struggle between the north and the south, or the class struggle.

If we compare carefully, we can clearly see that the focus of opposition criticism in different periods is obviously different, which shows that on the one hand, critics may be subject to the influence of the implementation of the new law, but on the other hand, what is more important is the strategic choice of critics.

At the beginning of the Song Dynasty, Zhongshu Menxia (equivalent to the State Council) and the Privy Council (equivalent to the Central Military Commission) formed the second capital, in charge of civil affairs, military affairs, the three divisions (equivalent to the State Administration of Taxation) in charge of finance, the three ya (equivalent to the capital garrison area and the major military regions) in charge of the army, the emperor's will and the central government decrees, all issued through the document system under the leadership of Zhongshu Menxia, all government decrees were discussed by the Zhongshu Menxia, that is, after the discussion of the Zaizhi group, collective decision-making, and the struggle for the emperor's opinion ("take the advance and stop"), the first word (summary or summary) was drawn up by The Zaizhi first, and then, It is handed over to the two systems (Hanlin Yuan, Sheren Yuan) to be written into different levels of documents such as system, edict, edict, and yuan, and then after reviewing and rebutting to the people of the Shizhong and Zhongshu Sheren, if there are different opinions from the people in the Matter and zhongshu she, they can also be returned, and they can be rewritten, or simply killed, and only after the examination and approval will they be sent to the various divisions (equivalent to state ministries and commissions) and the supervision department (equivalent to the province) for implementation, but the Taiwan Counselor (Yushitai and The Counselor) and other attendants (such as Hanlin Scholars, etc.) can still impeach the decrees or personnel appointments that have been issued Among them, the Taiwan counselors and attendants, some of which represent the so-called "public consultation", can be regarded as the position or attitude of the scholar-bureaucratic collective. As a result, the balance of power between the imperial power, the power of the phase and the scholar group was formed, but it would also cause the quarrel between the administrative departments and the low efficiency of the administration, which was also one of the reasons for Wang Anshi's institutional reform.

During the Xining dynasty, Sima Guang and others targeted the so-called "Reform Leading Group" set up by Wang Anshi, such as the "Regulation Division of the Three Divisions" (or the "Si Nong Temple" after the transformation and replacement), the "Compilation and Revision of the Zhongshu Regulations Office" (and the resulting "Zhongshu Five-House Inspection Official"), as well as the "Visiting Envoys" and "Lifting Officials" sent to various roads and prefectures (equivalent to provinces, cities, and counties), all of which were directly led and controlled by Wang Anshi personally.

In this way, in the central authorities, Wang Anshi bypassed the Zhongshu gate and set up a leading group for reform and law change that belonged directly to his own control and vertical leadership; at the local level, through "visiting envoys" and "raising officials," he bypassed the various divisions and supervisory departments, and indirectly intervened in and directed the road, prefecture, and county local governments.

At the same time, due to many reform matters, they are related to "financial management", in fact, they have eroded the authority of the three divisions. In addition, Wang Anshi also directly decided on the personnel power of the above-mentioned institutions, all of which, in fact, have completely emptied the original central government represented by Zhongshu Menxia and the communication and management mechanism between the central and local governments, which is the real "great Song change" in the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty.

"The two provinces of the present day are the renya of the ancient prime minister. ...... Now it is to make the ministers of the two provinces take the three divisions of the ordinance division to set up a bureau, gather a number of scribes to discuss with them, change the system, and the three divisions do not hear about it. (The main point of Sima Guang's criticism is the destruction of the original administrative system, government procedures, and employment system by Wang Anshi's change of law.) ）

"Now that the envoys are sent out in four places, they must be vigorously raised, and they must lift up the prefectures and counties, and make the matter as heavy as the superintendent and so on, and they will not be able to refer to whether they can be consulted by the division, and the principles will be abolished, and the reasoning will not be smooth." ("Li Chang Shangshenzong On The Elevation of Changping Officials' Edicts Without Being Sealed", Li Chang, Huang Tingjian's uncle, And Li criticized the interference in local affairs such as "visiting envoys".) ）

The "Wang Anshi Transformation Law" has achieved an extracorporeal cycle outside the original central government and its supervision system, which is no less than a "bottom draw" of salaries from the original central and local governments. In short, An Shi started another stove, bypassed the central government, and completed an unprecedented centralization of power, which was very different from the way in which the previous power ministers of the Song Dynasty— Zhao Pu, Kou Zhun, and Lü Yijian — centralized power and dictatorship, but pointed out the direction for the later powers--Cai Jing, Qin Jun, Han Nongxu, Shi Miyuan, Jia Xiangdao, and so on.

"The present counselor, that is, the office of the third duke and the fourth auxiliary of the ancients... He who is the prime minister will do it for himself, but it is better not to ignore it and to hide himself from his eyes and ears. ("Yang Yi Shangshen Sect On the Self-Selection of the Counselor", Yang criticizes Wang Anshi for the destruction of the TaiZhi, that is, the supervision mechanism.) ）

On the one hand, through the above-mentioned institutional reform, Wang Anshi entrusted the formulation and implementation of reform policies to these "reform leading groups" under his control; on the other hand, the personnel power of these newly established institutions was also all taken over to himself, and a separate organization department was set up, which was not within the supervision of the state's original personnel department, and the personnel department had no right to interfere.

Not only that, the selection of officials who could have supervised and criticized the above-mentioned measures was also controlled by Wang Anshi, who arbitrarily installed doormen or people who were attached to themselves in these departments that should have been independent, such as Li Ding and others. In addition, Wang Anshi also carried out ideological tyranny in the name of the so-called "one morality, the same customs", and the students of Taixue could only study and examine the classics of the exam with the only annotation made by Wang Anshi and his sons and disciples- "The Three Classics of New Righteousness".

"Xi and Feng have come to their (Wang Anshi) learning to flourish in the world, that is, Linchuan learning, also known as new learning. Lü Huiqing, Cai Jing, Cai Bian, Lin Xi, Jian Xuchen, Yang Wei, and Cai Zhao are all masters of the door. (Liu Xun Ming BenShi)

Most of the officials wang anshi reused were his protégés or relatives and friends, and they were not selected by Quan, but only the backbone of his reign in Xi Ning and the leading personnel of Wang Anshi's newly established institutions, such as Lü Huiqing, Zhang Huan, and Zeng Bu.

Lü Huiqing and Wang Anshi recommended him to be the Director of the Three Divisions of Regulations for the Examination of Detailed Texts, the Sentencing Division of the Nong Temple, and the Zhizhiyuan. Lü Huiqing was both a protégé of Wang Anshi and an in-law relationship with Wang Anshi, and Lü Huiqing's maternal grandmother was the daughter of Wang Anshi's uncle Wang Guanzhi, that is, Wang Anshi's cousin.

Zhang Huan (章惇), Wang Anshi (王安石門人), was recommended as the official of the Third Division of The Compilation and Revision of the Third Division, Zhongshu Zhenzheng (no other in-laws or other in-laws were found to be related to each other).

During the Xining Period, Wang Anshi recommended Zeng Bu as the Judges Ofsan Temple and the Fifth Room of the Zhongzheng Zhongshu. Zeng Bu had multiple relationships with Wang Anshi, his older brother Zeng Gong was once Wang Anshi's best friend, his younger brother Zeng Zhao was Wang Anshi's protégé, Sanzeng's father and Wang Anshi's father-in-law/uncle were in the same year, Sanzeng also had an older sister or sister married to Wang Anshi's younger brother Wang Anguo, in addition, linchuan Wang clan and Nanfeng Zeng clan were all married to The Jinxi Wu clan, Zeng Gong's aunt was Wang Anshi's mother's aunt, and Zeng Gong's mother was Wang Anshi's mother's aunt, and Wang Anshi's wife was the granddaughter of Zeng Gong's aunt, and Wang Anshi's sister married Zhu Mingzhi. Zeng Gong's father's third wife, Zeng Bu and Zeng Zhao's biological mother, was from the Zhu clan, and Zhu Mingzhi was Zhu Mingzhi's cousin.

The selection and promotion of civil officials in the Song Dynasty had a strict system of selection - "those who employ people with qualifications have the method of division": "The day and the moon are used to advance the rank, and the appointment is granted according to the path of capital". The so-called "qualifications/order of qualifications" is equivalent to today's calculation of "working age", as long as you have won the jinshi, or the junior title (from the selection of people to the Officials of the Beijing Dynasty), and then accumulate to a certain "working age", it is not impossible for mediocre people to become prime ministers, such as Wang Jue, the "three-purpose prime minister" in the Time of Emperor Shenzong (the "law of following the capital" in the Song Dynasty's civil official examination system, like the current exam-taking education and college entrance examination, may suppress the creativity of some individuals, but create fairness for the vast majority of people).

"During the Xining Dynasty, Wang Jiefu (王安石, Zi Jiefu) practiced the new law, wanting to use talents, or to select people as supervisors. ...... At that time, many people were led to the temple, and the men were haiku to the upper ones, and crossed the donkey to go straight to Xuan Majesty, and stopped left and right, and their people said: 'He who has feet will be said to be on the top.' ("Zhu Yu Pingzhou Can Talk", this article can be described as a wonderful satire on Wang Anshi's "eclectic" employment.) "Selection of people", jinshi and the first post-junior official, the superintendent is equivalent to the provincial and departmental level. The so-called "selection of people as supervisors" is equivalent to being promoted to provincial and departmental cadres just after graduating from university, which shows the impact of Wang Anshi's employment mechanism on the scholars and bureaucrats. However, the official system of the Song Dynasty was complex and disorderly, and the superintendent mentioned here belonged to the "bad reprimand" series among the Song Dynasty officials, not the "rank official" series, which was equivalent to enjoying the treatment of the provincial department, but not necessarily to the provincial department level. ）

However, Wang Anshi's series of reform measures in the administrative system and employment mechanism have undoubtedly caused unprecedented impact and destruction on the overall rights and interests of the scholar group, which is precisely the top priority of the old party in criticizing the new law during the Xining period, but the time shift is easy, and after Yuanfeng, the old party must change its strategy.

The process from the selection of people to the officials of the Beijing Dynasty is the most bumpy for the Song people, and once they enter the sequence of promotion officials, it is easier to pay attention to the order of capital. For example, when Su Rui was 47 years old, he was still a county commander in the mountainous area of Xiaoyi county and had not escaped from the dilemma of selecting people, so Wang Anshi's deeds, such as "taking people as supervisors", the impact on the scholar class can be imagined.

Three

On the afternoon of October of the ninth year of Xining, Wang Anshi resigned for the second time, and a year later, changing Yuan yuanfeng, Song Shenzong began to come to the forefront, personally leading and directing the changes after that, for the specific measures of Wang Anshi Xining's new law, although Song Shenzong had some profits and losses, the road of centralization and arbitrariness pioneered by Wang Anshi was completely accepted by Song Shenzong, and the politics of the Northern Song Dynasty also embarked on a monarchical dictatorship from the previous centralized power.

"(Li) Xian's request is not to go through the Second House, but to directly criticize the Holy Language under the Solicitation Division." ("Cai Chengxi Shangshenzong on the Division of The Second Province", after the Yuanfeng official system, zhongshu was changed to three provinces, and at this time, Song Shenzong often broke the "normal order" that should be issued through the three provinces, and most of them were approved by "internal approval", across the three provinces, directly to the various departments and supervisors, directly interfering in government affairs, etc., which was inspired by Wang Anshi, and eventually became the abuse of the "imperial pen" of the Huizong dynasty after that.) The so-called "internal approval" and "royal pen" are equivalent to replacing government documents with "notes" approved by leaders. ）

"Secrecy for His Holiness" and jealousy of imperial power made the scholars generally silence the "Yuanfeng government affairs" led by Song Shenzong himself, and the old party's criticism of the new law had to find another way, especially in the Yuanyou period, when the empress dowager hung the curtain, and successively used The idle Sima Guang, Lü Gongzhuo, Wen Yanbo, Lü Dafang, Fan Chunren, Liu Zhi, Su Rui and other members of the old party in the Xi and Feng periods to abolish the Xi and Feng new laws, which are known in history as "YuanYou Reformation".

Sima Guang, the same year as Fan Zhen and Lü Shi, was a close friend of Lü Qin, who was a member of the Lü Qin List for five years of Emperor Renzong's reign, and the three of them were always political allies, and joined forces to attack Ouyang Xiu and others in the "Pu Discussion", and later, in opposing Wang Anshi's change of law, the three of them were in the same year as Wu Meng, the brother of Wang Anshi's father-in-law Wu Rui.

Lü Gongzhu's father was Lü Yijian in Qing Ping Le, while Fan Chunren was the son of Fan Zhongyan, Fan Zhongyan and Zheng Jian were brothers-in-law, and Lü Gongzhuo's brother Lü Gongru married Zheng Jian's daughter.

Lü Xiji, the son of Lü Gongzhu, was a brother-in-law with Wen Yanbo's son Wen Hefu and Ouyang Xiu's son Ouyang Fa, and the three of them married Wu Chong's daughter, and Wu Chong's son Wu Anzhi married Wang Anshi. Lü Gong's son-in-law, Fan Zuyu, was a sima Guangmen and a nephew of his friend Fan Zhen in the same year.

In the same year as Han Qi, Bao Zheng, Li Ge, and Su Shi's uncle Su Zhuo, Wen Yanbo was the son-in-law of Wang Yaochen in the fifth year of Tiansheng, and Li Qingchen was Han Qi's son-in-law. In Xifengzhong, Sima Guang retired to Luoyang, where he befriended and sang closely with Wen Yanbo, and later, Wen Yanbo formed the "Luoyang Qi Ying Hui", with whom Sima Guang was associated.

Once the absolutism and centralization of power led by Wang Anshi were succeeded by Emperor Shenzong of Song, Sima Guang could no longer criticize the system since the change, otherwise they would "speak in the name of public opinion" and "slander the former emperor" and give people a handle. Therefore, they can only find another way, pick up the debate between "gentlemen" and "villains" expounded by Ouyang Xiu in "The Theory of Friends and Party", turn the spearhead of criticism to those so-called "new party" figures who carry out the policy of The Divine Sect, and instead attack those "new teenagers" who pursue the new law, label them all as so-called "adulterous and evil," and then completely overthrow them.

In the Yuanyou, after Sima Guang, Lü Gongzhuo, Wen Yanbo and other old party figures came to power, the first to bear the brunt of it were Shen Zongxi, Lü Huiqing, Cai Qing, Zhang Huan, and others who were in power during the Feng dynasty, and the attack on them was Su Rui the most vigorous (for details, see "Luan Chengji", the study of Su Rui is still a short board, if modern psychology is introduced, the relationship with Su Shi and his behavior in Yuan You, I believe it will be an interesting topic. ）。

"Su Rui was an advisor, and he wrote about his treachery, and both (Zhang) and (Cai) were expelled." (In the History of Song, Lü Huiqing, Zhang Huan, and Zeng Bu were all included in the Biography of the Traitors when the Yuanren revised their history, while the Mingchen Stele Chuan Yan Ji is derived from the Huizong Shilu revised by Li Tao and Lü Zuqian in 1177, which is more objective than the History of song.) ）

In order to completely crush Cai Qing, the representative figure of the "New Party," Empress Xuanren, who was listening to the government, did not hesitate to provoke the "Che Gaiting Poetry Case" and weave a "literal prison" to force Cai Qing to die.

(Yuanyou) four years,...... Wu Chu Hou played, indeed yesterday rebuked Anzhou, made a che gaiting poem, the language involved ridicule, the edict was indeed analyzed, the self-defense was indeed self-defense, the number was very well known, and the reason was finally yielded. (Although the "Che Gaiting Poetry Case" originated from Wu Chuhou's whistleblowing, Wu Chuhou was a member of Cheng Yi and Sima Guangmen, and he reported Cai Qing because he refused to take revenge on Cai Qing in the past, but the real reason was that Xing Shu spread that Emperor Zhezong was able to be made crown prince thanks to Cai Qing's "meritorious deeds", which was tantamount to denying Empress Xuanren's role and contribution when Emperor Zhezong was crown prince, and would have an impact on the legitimacy of Empress Xuanren's curtain, which Empress Xuanren could not tolerate.) ）

Ps: This "Empress Dowager", that is, Empress Xuanren, that is, Gao Taotao in the TV series "QingPing Le", the mother of Song Shenzong, the grandmother of Song Zhezong, the daughter of Empress Danshu's sister, later married Zong Shi, that is, the later Song Yingzong, Gao Taotao's great-grandfather Gao Qiong, Song Chuxiao General, Jing Dezhong, cooperated with Kou Zhun to promote the "Alliance of Yuanyuan", grandfather Gao Jixun, Gao Qiong's eldest son, also had military achievements in quelling the Rebellion of Wang Jun in Sichuan and the border war with Khitan and so on, and the "History of Song" even believes that "the inheritance of the general is far worse than his father".

"Che Gai Ting Poetry Case", "The Drunkard's Intention Is Not in The Wine". Just like the "Wutai Poetry Case" that Su Shi encountered, it was because Wang Anshi wanted to take the opportunity to prevent Su Shi from entering the dynasty as an advisor and affect his own cause of changing the law, and behind the "Che Gaiting Poetry Case" was Empress Xuanren and Cai Qing competing for their right to speak in the Zhezong Policy Incident.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, Empress Xuanren died, Song Zhezong pro-government, the following year, changed to Yuan Shaosheng, meaning "Shaoshu Shenzong", that is, the inheritance of the father Shenzong's political affairs, at this time, Zhang Huan returned to the dynasty, re-ruling, he under the protégé of Wang Anshi and his son-in-law Cai Bian, and then concocted the "False Accusation of Xuanren", and Cai Bian's brother Cai Jing and others rose up "Tongwenguan Prison".

Zhang Huan and Cai Bian compared the dead Empress Xuanren to Empress Dowager Lou of Northern Wei, and claimed that Empress Xuanren intended to unite with the Yuanyou ministers to depose Emperor Zhezong, which was naturally intolerable to Emperor Zhezong, so Sima Guang, Liu Zhi, Liang Tao, Lü Dafang, and other deposed Yuanyou ministers were again reprimanded or posthumously degraded (at this time, Sima Guang had been dead for many years).

"Zhang Wei, Cai Bian... The media tiller Xuan Ren wanted to endanger the emperor' affairs. He not only degraded Wang Jue, but also falsely accused Sima Guang, Liu Zhi, Liang Tao, Lü Dafang, and other masters of Xuanren Pavilion to depose Chen Yan. ...... In the end, Wei and Bian made their own edicts, asking Xuanren to be abolished as a shuren. (The End of the Chronicle of the History of song)

Whether it was Empress Xuanren's weaving of the "Che Gai Ting Poetry Case", or the later Concocted by Zhang Huan and Cai Bian as "Xuan Ren's False Accusation", the key words were the so-called "Ce Li Si Jun", behind which was the dispute between the new and old parties for the dominance of Song Zhezong.

Sooner or later, Emperor Zhezong will have to be pro-government, and the "Ce Li Si Jun" is related to the gain or loss of the throne of Zhe Zong, and once the new and old parties dominate the interpretation of "Ce Li", they can undoubtedly use this to achieve the envelopment and control of the new king, and then dominate the choice of the entire dynasty.

Although because of Zhezong's sentence, "Qing waits for not to enter the Yingzong Temple? (Empress Xuanren, empress dowager Yingzong.) The deceased Xuanren was no longer posthumously demoted to the title of "Shuren", but the "Xuanren's False Accusation" incident itself could not but arouse the vigilance of another witness, Qin Shengxian su Xiang (Empress Shenzong, Empress Zhezong's concubine) - who, together with her mother-in-law Empress Xuanren, participated in the establishment of Emperor Zhezong, and now that Xuanren is dead, the living Empress Xiang must make a choice about the historical positioning behind her, and this choice will change the fate of a young man, this young man is Song Huizong.

How did Emperor Huizong of Song win the throne? In the meantime, how many ambiguities and melodies are there? I think it will be left for the next introduction, and now, we may wish to recall That Song Zhezong, who was wrapped up in the old and new party struggles.

Four

What kind of deeds can Song Zhezong's "six years of ten years" (six years of pro-government) do? In this regard, the Northern Song Dynasty officials in the name of Emperor Huizong of Song for Zhezong said,

Shen Kao had abandoned all nations early, and belonged to the clan society... Immerse yourself in obscurity, ten years without saying... Once pro-government... Zu Shu's ancestors, inquire about tuzhi Dao. On the occasion of Xi Ning and Yuan Feng, the good law of the United States... Just do it. ...... Xi Rong is often chaotic... Wang Shi's direction... Yokoyama Tendo... Nine out of ten. ...... Long Right Chieftain... Don't be intimidated. Ruofu worshipped one day in the circular hill to enjoy the heart of God, and made a new palace in Fangze, so as to finally achieve the aspiration of Zhaokao. ("Song Dynasty Edict Collection, Zhezong Tanshu", written by Zhi Privy Council Minister Zengbu)

As indicated in the book, Song Zhezong's career as emperor can be roughly divided into two halves:

In the first half, starting from March of the eighth year of Yuan Feng (1085) and ending in September of the eighth year of Yuan You (1093), that is, before Emperor Zhezong's pro-government, his grandmother Empress Dowager Gao listened to the curtain and successively used Sima Guang, Lü Gongzhuo, Wen Yanbo, Lü Dafang, Fan Chunren, Liu Zhi, Su Rui and other members of the old party to abolish xi and Fengxin laws, and the history called "Yuanyou Genghua", while Zhezong "immersed himself in obscurity and did not speak for ten years." ”

Ps: Sima Guang, the same year as Fan Zhen and Lü Jie, and the fifth year of Emperor Renzong's reign, Lü Qinbang jinshi, the three were always political allies, and joined forces to attack Ouyang Xiu and other forces in the "Pu Discussion", and later, they advanced and retreated against Wang Anshi's change of law, and the three of them were in the same year as Wu Meng, the brother of Wang Anshi's father-in-law Wu Ruidi. Sima Guang was friends with Lü Gongzhuo, Lü Gongzhuo's father was Lü Yijian in Qing Ping Le, and Fan Chunren was Fan Zhongyan's son, Wen Yanbo was the same year as Han Qi, Bao Zheng, and Li Qingchen's father Li Ge and Su Shi's uncle Su Zhuo, and was the son-in-law of Han Qi.

For the ten years of Zhezong's "passing away", Cai Jing's son Cai Yu relayed the narration of his father, full of picture sense, and the dramatic tension between them was far more wonderful than the struggle between Renzong and Liu Hou in "Qing Ping Le", and it is best to excerpt the whole text to entertain the readers.

Emperor Zhezong was ten years old when he ascended the throne, so Xuan ren went up to the curtain and listened. And the long, did not taste a word. Xuan ren was in the palace, and every word said: "When the minister plays things, what is in his chest, and there is no word?" (What do you think of the ministers?) Why don't you say a word? Shang Dan said: 'Niangniang has been punished, what is the word of the courtiers? (It's all up to you, what else can I say?) If it is yi gong silent for nine years. After a long time (Yuanyou Empress Mengshi, two wastes, two stands, and two curtains, may be the most difficult fate of the Song Dynasty, a strange empress). Nine times out of ten in the previous year, it has not yet been restored.

　Once Xuanren was sick and even worse, he left the Imperial Chapel at the same time, and the general Da Wei said to the minister: "The emperor has been ill for a long time, and he is afraid that he will not be able to repay himself, so why should he do it?" The minister said in unison: "May I offer to Zhang Daqing hall." Before Xuanren could answer, a holy word suddenly appeared inside the curtain, saying, "There is a story of its own." The minister said, "I have been convicted of this?" ’

　　The next day, he went up to the curtain, went out of the imperial front hall, summoned Zaifu, and told the empress dowager to take medicine, and it was advisable to pardon the world. Within a few days, Xuanren Dengxian was pro-government. The ministers of the upper ranks sat alone and changed, and the latter counted the ministers about the past hanging curtain, saying: "I only see the buttocks." Lu Gong (Cai Jing) was a fool, and he also deeply sighed at the wisdom of the Zhe Temple. ”

- "Talk on the Iron Walled Mountain" (Cai Yun)

From "Nai Wu a word" to "his own story", Zhezong's forbearance and resentment have become self-evident without words, and how much grievance and humiliation does a sentence "(ten years) only see the buttocks"? These are obviously incomprehensible to others, so how can Zhezong's choice of behavior after that be harshly condemned?

When she was seriously ill, Empress Xuanren was not willing to give up her power and returned the government to Zhezong, and even because she was worried that she could no longer go to the Daqing Hall to listen to the government after she was seriously ill, Empress Xuanren simply wanted to stay in the Daqing Hall to listen to the government every day, which made Zhezong intolerable, and finally said the words that were loud and clear, "own story" (the word "own story", as said today, "there are examples to follow", of which "story" is equivalent to the "example" in the modern Anglo-American "case law", "story" For the Song Dynasty politics that pays attention to the "law of the ancestors", Especially important), at this time, Jezong was 19 years old, the same age as his father Shenzong when he ascended the throne, he was already an adult, and he should have been pro-government.

In the second half, starting from September of the eighth year of yuan (1093) and ending in the first month of the third year of yuan fu (1100), the empress dowager collapsed, and Zhezong pro-government, which is the so-called "Shaoshu" period, this stage, Zhezong "removed the old cloth new", abandoned the ministers and political affairs selected by his grandmother, and re-employed his father Song Shenzongxi, Feng's old minister Zhang Huan, and Wang Anshi's son-in-law Cai Bian.

Ps: At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, it was Han Qi's son-in-law Li Qingchen who initiated the "Shaoshu" theory for Emperor Zhezong, and Han Qi was an opponent of Wang Anshi. Ouyang Xiu recommended his protégé Li Qingchen to Han Qi, and Han recruited him as his son-in-law, which was the same as Fan Zhongyan's recommendation of the student Fu Bi to Yan Shu, but Li Qingchen's move was purely an attempt to "ascend to the throne" and did not stem from the dispute between new and old positions.

After the pro-government, Song Zhezong's actions can be summarized in the following four aspects: 1. Restore the "Shenzong political affairs and law", that is, the New Policies of Xi and Feng since Wang Anshi changed the law; 2. Continue the strategy of expanding the border in the northwest of Shenzong, pushing the Northern Song forces to the area of Hengshan and Tiandu, forcing the Western Xia to seek peace, and realizing the strategic planning since Empress Cao's uncle Cao Wei in "Qing Ping Le"; 3. Continuing the strategy of Emperor Shenzong through Liu Xi and the River, so that the Qingtang Tubo was attached, and after the Anshi Rebellion, the Longyou region returned to the rule of the Central Plains Dynasty; 4. Realized the southern and northern suburbs of Tian, Divide the land and fulfill the will of the Divine Sect.

"The great affairs of the country are in the worship and the rong." From this point of view, in the less than seven years after the pro-government, It seems that in the liturgical punishment and civil rule martial arts, everything is the father god sect is obedient, and quite accomplished, but is this really the case?