Today I will continue to read Du Fu's poem.
We know that reading Du Fu's poems is not the same as reading Li Bai's poems: reading Li Bai's poems, picking up one, without understanding background knowledge, without knowing the origin of the poem, reading in the air, you can roughly read out the taste of the poem, feel good, because Li Bai is a genius, his poems are mostly romantic works, basically do not need reality to do support, his poems are like people, are flying; reading Du Fu's poems, but you must understand when this poem was roughly written, because of the occurrence of what things, you need to understand the detailed background knowledge, Only then can you roughly read the taste in the poem and taste it well, Du Fu is of course also a genius, and his genius comes from his broadness, normality, soundness, and depth. His poems are written about real things that really exist in reality, and his poems, like people, are calm. Mr. Ye Jiaying once compared two people like this: "Li Bai is a cloud in the sky that flies up; Du Fu is a mountain standing firmly on the ground." "That's so appropriate.
(Statue of Du Fu)
We have read so many of Du Fu's poems, we already know that Du Fu's is not easy, he was trapped in Chang'an for ten years, suffered all kinds of sins, and finally only found a position as a warehouse manager; he became the emperor's relatives and left Zuo Shiyi for a year, but finally fell into the result of resigning from the official and drifting, and after four years of wandering outside, he temporarily obtained a stable life in Chengdu Caotang. As we have already summed up, coupled with his career experience in the Yanwu curtain in Chengdu, Du Fu has only been in politics for less than two and a half years in his lifetime, but he is such a person who has been an official for a very short time, and he has cared for his motherland all his life, and his heart is always full of home and the world. He never forgot to contribute to the country and seek some well-being for the people.
(Former Residence of Du Fu Maolu)
Du Fu was extremely poor, almost starved to death when he was in the same valley, even after he settled in Chengdu, most of his living materials still came from the help of his friends, which was how helpless. But helplessly, he still expressed his endless love for a temporary stable life. As I said before, Du Fu's greatness lies in the fact that he realized the hardships of life and the hardships of the times, but he was still able to maintain his love for life. This is the joy and quiet and quiet fun of "the old wife drawing paper for the chess game, and the childish needle for the fishing hook" in the previous poem "Jiangcun". For Du Fu, his suffering and dark life gained a bright color that was rare for the time being in the Chengdu Caotang. Du Fu, who is more than half a hundred years old, has a flash of happy time here, and the more famous poem that records such a life is "Kezhi", and today we will read this poem, the whole poem is as follows:
(Poetic intent)
The spring water in the north and south of the house is spring water, but the flock of gulls comes day by day. The flower path has not been swept by guests, and the Pengmen gate is now open for the king. PanYi City is far from tasteless, and the bottle restaurant is poor and only old. Ken drank opposite his neighbor and called out the remaining cups across the fence.
Under the title of this poem, Murafu marked "Hi Choi Myeong-fu Xiang". Mingfu is the Tang people's name for county orders. Passing by, that is, visiting and visiting each other. Du Fu's mother's family name is Cui, so the Cui Xian Ling here is likely to be his relative, at least a friend in his heart who is willing to accept help, so he will say "joy", for those officials and nobles who Du Fu had to accompany a smiley face to accept the help, Du Fu was "happy", in front of those people, he was full of humiliation but had to bend his spine.
(Shenan Shebei is spring water)
"The south and north of the house are spring water, but see the flock of gulls coming day by day" This is the geographical natural environment of the caotang, the north and south of the caotang are spring water, only to see the flock of gulls flying back day by day. Of course, spring water not only refers to the season of spring, but also refers to the greenery, such a simple word as spring water, the spring full of grass hall environment is very beautiful and lovely, and the flock of gulls is not accidentally flying, but "day by day", why come every day, because the environment here is quiet and elegant, the poet does not drive to disturb them, so they can dare to come every day. Du Fu's caotang living environment is like this, he is like a hermit, Qingxi is a neighbor, accompanied by flocks of gulls.
"The flower path has never been swept by guests, and the Pengmen gate is now open for the king." The road in front of the caotang is paved with falling flowers (when Du Fu built the caotang, he asked for help from many sides, obtained various fruit trees, and the spring flowers bloomed in the spring, of course, the flowers fell on the ground), and the courtyard path full of flowers and plants was never cleaned for welcoming guests (which shows that there are few visitors), but only for your arrival, the dilapidated grass door of my house was opened for the first time. Cui Xianling obviously informed Du Fu in advance, so the road was swept in advance, which also explained the relationship between the two from another angle, such as Gao Shi and Yan Wu, such as the close friendship relationship, there was no need to notify before coming, it was straight to come, the relationship between Cui Xianling and Du Fu was obviously not close; but Du Fu was happy that he came, it was happy, so he swept the flower path, opened the firewood, and waited for the arrival of the guests, he took Cui Xianling as a guest, which was a relationship that was not close.
(Flower Path)
"Pan Pi city is far from tasteful, and the bottle restaurant is poor and only old." The market is too far away, the food on the plate is really simple; the family is poor, only old wine is served. There is no taste, there are more than two kinds of taste, obviously, this is a humble dish, but also from the side shows that Du Fu is really poor. The wine in the bottle is only home-brewed every other year, and there is no new wine, because it is impossible to buy wine. These two sentences are kind words, we know that in Gao Shi and Yan Wu, Du Fu has always opened his mouth to ask for things directly, you come, when you come with wine and vegetables, I did not eat or drink here, but Cui Xian Ling came, he was also polite, less dishes, thin wine, don't blame ah, I am too poor.
"Ken drinks with his neighbor, and calls out the rest of the cup across the fence." Ken, is the meaning of whether it is allowed, here is to ask the guests. If you are willing to drink with the old man next door, call him over through the fence and drink all the rest of the wine, obviously, the more the poet drinks, the stronger the drinking, the higher the interest, the old man next door also shouted over, everyone drank together, the air gap is obviously cheerful, excited, warm. The county order and the farmer drink, and there is a poet like Du Fu in the middle, the three people have different identity backgrounds, so Du Fu wants to seek the consent of the county order, the neighbor old man comes, the three people drink, a few plates of Filipino dishes, a bottle of old wine, relatively nothing else, only say drinking, how happy this scene is!
In Du Fu's place, poetry is life, life is poetry, friends come to visit, sprinkle no good wine, no good dishes, but when you drink happy, you will call your neighbors over to lively together, this happiness cannot be exchanged for any rich life, he writes all his life into poetry, he writes his little happiness in life, he writes his heavy life disaster into poetry, he writes his deep concern about home and the country and the people into poetry. In Du Fu's poems, his feelings are always real and skin-to-earth, which is why Du Fu's poems are deeply moving and widely recited. But in this poem, "The flower path has not been swept by guests, and the pengmen are now open for the king." The two sentences were completely defiled by netizens on the Internet, and the hospitality of opening up firewood and sweeping the flower path was associated with the bed between men and women, which was really a wordless sigh!
The Tang Seven Laws of Theory describes the poem as "only a common thing." There is no deep and difficult word, but there is natural truth. It is the same as the poem "Binzhi", and "Binzhi" is like an italian; although Kaiyuan and Bai are of the same school, and Yuan and Bai are alive, He has obtained this wonderful state! "Isn't it, in this poem, we can't see the difficult words, almost every sentence is a family-like word, or to say that Du Fu is a collection of dacheng, the time point of writing this poem, Wang Wei died in the same year, Bai Juyi is far from being born, the popular and simple poetic style, the Xinlefu poetry style advocated by Yuan Shu and Bai Juyi, Du Fu has long been familiar with the pen.
([Tang Poems Idle Reading] No. 143, picture from the Internet)