Guangxu was born on February 13, 2002 in Liaocheng, Shandong Province, in a family of people. Originally from Yongfeng, Jiangxi, his ancestor Fu Yiwei was the first ruler of the Shunzhi period of the Qing Dynasty.
In the first year of Xuan reunification, he studied at Tianjin Fuli Middle School. In the second year of the Republic of China, he was admitted to the preparatory department of Peking University. In the fifth year of the Republic of China, he was promoted to the Liberal Arts Department of Peking University, undergraduate in Chinese Literature, and wrote "Literary Innovation Shenyi" in response to Hu Shi's "Literary Reform Discussion", advocating vernacular literature.
In the summer of the seventh year of the Republic of China, under the influence of the new trend of democracy and science, he organized the Xinchao Society with Luo Jialun and Mao Zhun and founded the monthly magazine "New Wave" to promote new culture, which had a wide influence, thus becoming one of the leaders of the Peking University Student Union.
In the eighth year of the Republic of China, during the May Fourth Movement, Fu Sinian served as the commander-in-chief of the parade, and later, under the influence of Hu Shi's thought, opposed the "too hasty" movement; he soon withdrew from the student movement and returned to the study hall.
In the summer of the eighth year of the Republic of China (1919), Fu Si Nian graduated from university and was admitted to the official fee of Gengzi's indemnity, and he went to Europe, first entered the University of Edinburgh in the United Kingdom, and then transferred to the University of London Research Institute to study experimental psychology, physiology, mathematics, physics, Einstein's theory of relativity, Bronck's quantum theory, etc.
In the twelfth year of the Republic of China, Fu Si Nian entered the School of Philosophy of the University of Berlin and studied comparative linguistics.
In the winter of the fifteenth year of the Republic of China, Fu Sinian was hired by Sun Yat-sen University to return to China. In the sixteenth year of the Republic of China (1927), he was a professor at Sun Yat-sen University, the dean of the Faculty of Letters, and the head of the two departments of Chinese literature and history. In the same year, he founded the Institute of Language and History at Sun Yat-sen University and served as its director. In the following years, he has been working in the academic field, in charge of the administration of Southwest United University, Peking University and National Taiwan University, and has trained a large number of outstanding students.
In the same year, after the April 12 coup d'état, Fu Sinian wrote to Li Shizeng in favor of Chiang Kai-shek's Qing Party.
In the seventeenth year of the Republic of China, Fu Sinian was hired by Mr. Cai Yuanpei to establish the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Academia Sinica. At the end of the same year, the Institute of History and Linguistics was established, and Fu Sinian served as a full-time researcher and director, and founded the "Proceedings of the Institute of Historical Linguistics" as the editor-in-chief.
In the spring of the eighteenth year of the Republic of China, the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Academia Sinica moved from Guangzhou to Beiping, and Fu Sinian concurrently served as a professor at Peking University, teaching "Special Studies on Ancient Chinese History" and "History of Ancient Chinese Literature". During this period, he successively served as the director of the Institute of Social Sciences, the director of the preparation of the Central Museum, the suffragan of the National Committee for Political Participation, the director general of the Academia Sinica, a member of the Political Consultative Conference, and the acting president of Peking University.
In the twenty-first year of the Republic of China, he joined the Independent Review Agency presided over by Hu Shi and published political articles in the weekly magazine "Independent Review", supporting Chiang Kai-shek and opposing communism, but favoring the anti-Japanese resistance and criticizing the diplomatic line of the Nationalist government in Nanjing.
After the September 18 Incident, Fu Si Nian published the book "Outline of the History of Northeast China" in October 21 of the Republic of China, which in response to the reactionary remarks of Japanese scholars that "Manchuria and Mongolia are not Chinese territory in history", and from a historical point of view, he demonstrated in detail the historical fact that Northeast China has been Chinese territory since ancient times, and the words are full of strong nationalist values.
The book was later translated into English by Li Ji and sent to the League of Nations. The book "Outline of the History of Northeast China" clearly states in the report of the Lytton Investigation Mission that the three northeastern provinces are "one of the parts of China, and this is a recognized fact for China and other countries" has played an important role.
In the 26th year of the Republic of China, Fu Sinian went to Chongqing and was elected as a suffragan of the National Suffrage Council for four consecutive times. He is the director of the Institute of History and Language of academia sinica.
After the outbreak of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he served as a suffragan member of the National Committee of Participation in politics and a professor at the Southwest United University, advocating the War of Resistance and attacking corrupt officials and corrupt officials. After the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, he was once the acting president of Peking University.
In May 28, Fu Sinian concurrently served as the director of the Institute of Liberal Arts of Peking University.
In the 37th year of the Republic of China, he was elected as a legislator of the National Government in Nanjing. In the same year, he was elected as an academician of academia sinica.
In January 1949, Fu moved to Taipei with the Institute of History and Linguistics and became president of National Taiwan University. Politically, Fu Sinian demanded severe punishment of corrupt officials, rectification of political style, and opposition to "China taking the Bolshevik road"; academically, he believed in the tradition of the examination school, advocated pure objective scientific research, paid attention to the discovery and examination of historical materials, published many papers on ancient history, and went to Anyang many times to guide the excavation of Yin Ruins. During his presidency of the Institute of History and Linguistics, he recruited first-class talents and made many achievements.
In his later years, Fu Si was obese and suffered from high blood pressure, and the doctor instructed him to eat less salt or no salt, and to abstain from meat and fishy meat. Gallstones were also found.
On the morning of December 20, 1950, Fu Si Nian was overly excited when he replied to the administrative inquiry on education in the Taiwan Provincial Assembly, and when he finished his speech, at about 6:10 a.m., Fu Si Nian walked slowly down the pulpit with resentment.
Just when he was about to return to his seat, he suddenly turned pale and staggered, and Chen Xueping, who was sitting under the stage, saw the situation and quickly stepped forward to help, only saying "Not good!" He collapsed in Chen Xueping's arms and fainted. Liu Chuan, a member of the parliament who was closer, quickly ran forward, helped Fu Sinian to the seat of the non-voting personnel, let him lie down, and made a pillow with Chen Xueping's leather bag. From then on, Fu went into a coma. "Died of a sudden cerebral hemorrhage in the chamber" at the age of 54.
After Fu Si Nian's death, he was buried on the campus of National Taiwan University, which housed the Greek-style memorial pavilion Fu Garden and the "Fu Bell"; among them, the "Fu Bell" became the symbol of National Taiwan University after its opening, and the bell rang 21 times at the end of each class, because Fu Si Nian once said: "There are only 21 hours in a day, and the remaining 3 hours are used for contemplation." ”
Fu Si Nian had the idea of writing the Outline of the History of Northeast China shortly after the September 18 Incident. In the "Preface Quotation" of the "Outline of the History of Northeast China", Fu Sinian explained his two major motivations for writing. The first is to let the Chinese people understand the history of Northeast China, and the second is to criticize the erroneous views of Japanese historians such as "Manchuria and Mongolia are historically non-Indochina territories." In addition to the two motivations for writing that Fu Si Nian describes in the book, there was also a motivation to win the support of the League of Nations, and this motivation was successful.
At that time, the "Outline of Northeast History" included in the writing plan was one of the important contents of their implementation of shusheng to save the country, and Fu Sinian, Fang Zhuangyou, Xu Zhongshu, Xiao Yishan, Jiang Tingdian and other famous historians at that time all actively participated in the writing of this work. The main points of Fu Sinian's research on the history of Northeast China are concentrated in the first volume of the Outline of northeast History and other papers written by him.
Fu Si Nian refuted the japanese imperial scholar and militarist view that "Manchuria and Mongolia are historically non-Indochina territories". In the "Outline of Northeast History", through the study of northeast history, he concluded that the three eastern provinces belonged to China since ancient times. He said: "The northeast is China, and its meaning is like the sun and the moon. And in terms of history, "the Bohai Sea on three sides is the birthplace of Middle-earth culture, the Liaodong area, forever the county of China, and the White Mountains and Black Water have long been the domain of China." Yongle laid the northeast, directly encompassing the province of Amur on the eastern coast of present-day Russian territory, a servant of the Manchurian Ming Dynasty, and a former tribute domain, that is, a person who belonged to the country. Judging from the history of two or three thousand years, the northeast is China, and there is no difference between Jiangsu or Fujian and China. Through the study of the history of Northeast China, he concluded that Northeast China has been Chinese territory since ancient times.
Fu Sinian not only put forward the "theory of northeast China from ancient times", but also emphasized that the three provinces of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang should be called "northeast" instead of "Manchuria", correcting japan's misnomeral of this region all along. He advocated the use of "Jianzhou" instead of the title of "Manchuria", and examined the term "Manchuria". "The founding of the state of Bohai is a place name, which has not been changed after the Liao Dynasty. The establishment of the State Guard by Ming Yongle is actually based on the old customs of a thousand years, not created. Since the name of Jianzhou was far away from the name of Manchuria in the previous era, it was not known to Nurhaci, and if the two words were one word, they could only be the false pronunciation of Manchuria for the establishment of the state, and the name of the state of Jianzhou could never be a typo of Manchuria. ”
Through the examination of historical books such as the "Manchurian Origin And Flow Examination", he believes that "the word Manchuria is said to be the word Jianzhou. It is pointed out that "Manchuria" is not a place name, nor a political regional name, but a term coined by Japan with ulterior motives in northeast China.
"The popularity of this term originally arose by the atmosphere of invading China to create a 'sphere of influence,' and its terms such as 'South Manchuria,' 'Northern Manchuria,' and 'Eastern Mongolia' were created especially for the purpose of invading or dividing China, and had no national, geographical, political, or economic basis." He clearly pointed out that the Japanese academic community used the term "Manchuria" to refer to Northeast China in an attempt to provide a theoretical basis for its "Manchurian non-Indochina Theory" through the use of such a place name, which is an ulterior motive.
In his writings, Fu Si Nian devotes a great deal of space to the fact that northeast China and northern China were the same race in ancient times. He used archaeological material to illustrate that "we now know that although the Neolithic period was mixed, the northeast region was ethnically and culturally integrated with Northern China."
To quote the archaeological conclusion of the American scholar Anderson: the shell ring found in Yangshao, Henan, was "surprisingly often encountered" in the middle of the Fengtian Shaguotun Cave, and the fragments of painted pottery found in the lower layer of the Fengtian Cave were also "the most noteworthy thing in the system of utensils found at the Henan site". It was these two points that Anderson concluded that the Fengtian Cave Dwelling and the Henan Remnant were not only roughly the same in terms of time, but also belonged to the unified ethnic and cultural categories. Anderson's research also proves that the inhabitants of Shaquantun are in the same category as the residents of Yangshao and the northern Chinese.
Fu Si Nian not only used the conclusions of American scholars, but also cited the archaeological findings of Professor Kosho Hamada of Tokyo Imperial University in Japan about the Lushun Qiziwo. Professor Kiyoya Kenji of the Faculty of Medicine of Kyoto Imperial University believes that "the Stone Age Ziwo people are said to be the same as the ancestors of the modern Shiina people, and it is the most understandable." These conclusions were used by Fu Si Nian as strong evidence that the northeast region and the Central Plains in ancient times were closely related in terms of race and culture.
Fu Sinian also examined the relationship between the Dongyi tribe and the Central Plains in terms of living customs through the "Biography of Dongyi" in the histories, and believed: "The customs contained in the Dongyi traditions of zhushi, such as living in a cottage and not nomadic herding, feeding, sitting, female virginity, three years of mourning, with the bow as the most important war tool, witch customs, etc., all have basic commonalities with the life of the Chinese. ”
According to his deduction, before the formation of the Chinese language, "when there is a common nation or race, for the lower half of the Yellow River, the Waters of the Yellow River, the Jishui, the Liaoshui Shui, the later generations of residents, or even more to the Songhua River Ussuri River Nenjiang River Basin, to settle a basic factor, so those who examine human beings, see the commonality of the northeast and the Guannei race, the rulers of folklore, see the correlation of their lower culture, although later because of the progress of civilization in the Yellow River Basin, those in the northeast cannot catch up for a while, if the cultural quality is different, they cannot find the upper level differences, so it is easy to be mixed up by political forces."
In Fu Sinian's Yixia Dongxi Theory, published in 1933, he clearly put forward the statement that "the Shang Dynasty originated in the northeast Bohai Sea and ancient Yanzhou was the place where it was founded". To this end, he proposed in the "Poetry Classic, Shang Ode" that "the Bird of Heavenly Destiny, descending to give birth to a merchant", "there are louie generals, emperors and sons give birth to merchants". "The so-called 'Xuan Bird' and 'You lou' in the Shang Song are capable of starting a business with eggs by the ancestors.
Descendant myths and this theory belong to the same source and differentiation, all in the Northeast peoples and Huaiyi "staggered" blackmail, and then believe that Fuyu, Goguryeo and Manchu ancestral oviparous myths are related to the Shang. However, this myth in the Shang Song and the myth among the later tribes in the northeast cited above are clearly one thing, at least one source. Holding this testimonial Shang Dynasty from the northeast, it is inherently insufficient, holding this as the source of the Shang Dynasty has a close relationship with the Northeast, at least it is also a deep cultural contact and mixing, it is quite sufficient, obviously. ”
After Fu Sinian returned to China, he taught at Sun Yat-sen University, and in the autumn of the sixteenth year of the Republic of China, he founded the "Institute of Language History" at Sun Yat-sen University. In October of the 17th year of the Republic of China, Fu Sinian prepared to establish the Institute of History and Philology of the Academia Sinica on the basis of the Institute of Language and History of Sun Yat-sen University. After his founding, he served as director until his death in 1950. Based on the Institute of History and Language, he made great contributions to the academic cause of modern China.
It has cultivated a large number of outstanding talents for the academic cause of modern China. First of all, he pulled a large number of well-known scholars to the Institute of History and Language to lead the research work, such as: Chen Yinke, Xu Zhongshu, Zhao Yuanren, Li Fanggui, Luo Changpei, Li Ji, Dong Zuobin, and Liang Siyong. From the sixteenth year of the Republic of China to the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China, it was the heyday of the Institute of History and Language, and Fu Si Nian collected many talents to come to the Institute of History. These people have more or less been trained by Fu Si Nian, and have more or less inherited his rigorous study style of heavy materials and heavy examination.
After Fu Sinian established the Institute of History and Linguistics of the Academia Sinica, he also participated in the rescue and sorting out the archives of the Ming and Qing dynasties. The archives of the Cabinet Treasury of the Qing Dynasty contain edicts, chapters, rules, transfers, greeting tables, three legal division case files, records, palace examination papers, and various books, which are extremely valuable first-hand historical materials. After the state treasury was damaged and moved out of storage in the first year of Xuantong, after several migrations and several changes of masters, damp and rotten, rats eat insects and moths, and the losses were extremely serious.
One of the directors, the History Museum, sold the 8,000 sacks totaling 150,000 catties to a papermaker for 4,000 yuan for a lack of funds. The famous archaeologist Ma Heng shouted loudly, and Fu Sinian petitioned Mr. Cai Yuanpei, president of the Academia Sinica, to take the initiative, and only then did he take 1.
80,000 yuan will almost go into the file of the paper mill to buy, but it has been reduced from 150,000 jin to 120,000 or 30,000 jin, less than 20,000 jin. After rescuing this batch of very precious archival materials, Fu Si Nian had made a great contribution.
Fu Si Nian attached great importance to the acquisition of historical materials and new historical materials. In The Purpose of the Work of the Institute of Historical Linguistics, he said: "Progress is made by the direct study of the material; any indirect study of the systems studied or created by predecessors, without extensive and detailed reference to the facts contained, regresses."
Where a kind of learning can expand the material of his research, it will progress, and it will not be able to regress. He attached great importance to the rescue and sorting of Qing archives and the excavation of Yin Ruins, with the purpose of obtaining new materials and expanding new materials.
Fu Sinian participated in the scientific excavation of the Yin Ruins in Anyang, Henan. After Xiaotun Yin Ruins became famous for the excavation of oracle bones, antique dealers and medicinal material dealers flocked to it. The site of Yin Ruins was severely damaged.
Fu Sinian petitioned the president of the Academia Sinica for approval, and the archaeology team of the Institute of History and Language formally organized personnel to excavate in Xiaotun. It was difficult to start with, and some people obstructed the excavation or forced it to stop. When Fu Sinian personally arrived in Kaifeng, he relied on the authority of the National Government in Nanjing, the support of enlightened people in Henan, and also relied on Fu Sinian's ability to do things, personnel relations had to be smoothed out, and the excavation work had to be carried out smoothly.
From the seventeenth year of the Republic of China to the twenty-sixth year of the Republic of China, Fu Sinian personally went to Xiaotun several times in his busy schedule to inspect and guide. The largest excavation was the 13th, in the summer of the 24th year of the Republic of China. Fu Si Nian came to Anyang with the French sinologist Bo Xihe. Shi Zhangru recalled: "At that time, it was the 13th excavation of Yin Ruins, and the manpower used was more than 300 people, which was the largest scale since the excavation of Yin Ruins, and it was also the most prominent period of Chinese archaeological work in the world.
Around the middle of May, the climate was already quite hot, and he and the French Oriental scholar Bo Xihe arrived in Anyang... Mr. Bo Xi and Mr. Bo Xi were constantly surprised and admired in front of Such a great mausoleum, such a neatly arranged small tomb, and such a large number of exquisite splendid utensils! "After the September 18 Incident, the situation of the Japanese invasion of China became increasingly urgent, and the excavation of the Yin Ruins was forced to stop.
Fu Sinian was trained by Peking University and has special feelings for Peking University, and in his life's career, he has also made special contributions to Peking University. The 1930s was the glorious heyday of Peking University, the professor camp was extremely prosperous, the famous artists Hu Shi, Fu Sinian, Qian Mu, Tao Xisheng, Meng Sen, Tang Yongtong, etc. were all professors of Peking University, and Chen Yinke and others were all lecturing at Peking University.
At that time, Jiang Menglin was the president of Peking University, but it was Hu Shi and Fu Sinian who promoted the prosperity of Peking University, especially Fu Sinian. Jiang Menglin recalled: "When I returned to Peking University in the nineteenth year of the Republic of China, Meng Zhen moved to Beijing because of the Institute of History and Linguistics, and also worked in Beijing. After the September 18 Incident, Peiping was in the autumn of many troubles, and my staff officers were Shizhi and Meng Zhen, and no matter how big or small, they were all discussed with the two. The two of them invited many famous professors in China on behalf of Peking University, and the revival of Peking University after the success of the Northern Expedition was too great. ”
Fu Sinian's second contribution to Peking University was after the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan. After the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japan, the Nationalist government appointed Hu Shi as the president of Peking University. Shi Hu was in the United States, and before returning to China, the president of Peking University was represented by Fu Sinian. Taking over Peking University from the hands of the enemy and the hypocrites has many thorny issues, such as how to deal with the faculty and staff of Peking University under Japanese rule.
Fu Si Nian decided not to use one. He wrote to his wife, Yu Dacai, saying: "A large number of pseudo-faculty members have come in, which is a big obstacle to the opening of Peking University after the summer vacation, but I am determined to sweep it away and will never leave this inferior root for Peking University." To lift the difficulties, sweep away the "world", and pave the way for Hu Shi to return to school, this is Fu Sinian's determination to repay Hu Shi as acting principal. His letter to his wife also said: "To tell the truth, in such a situation, Mr. Hu's work is far inferior to mine, and I have leveled the world for him in these months. ”