An eloquent think tank
1. Zigong's ability to speak eloquently is based on a correct analysis of the situation in the countries at that time. He was able to gain insight into the character characteristics and internal contradictions of the princes and generals of various countries, as well as the purpose of their implementation of certain tactics. Make full use of the contradictions of all parties to make use of themselves and play the role of four or two thousand pounds. All this is based on the collection of information, the investigation and research of people, events, and developments.
It can be seen that to be able to speak eloquently, there must be a deep accumulation of social knowledge and unique insights, and only empty preaching and slippery tone are not enough. In reality, it is also necessary to increase the accumulation of knowledge and the analysis of things and phenomena, so that time can be used to be comfortable.
2. Lu Zhonglian was a diner of Pingyuan Jun, a protégé of later bureaucrats, who took it as his duty to help people eliminate difficulties. In this debate, he quoted a large number of historical facts, argued from both positive and negative aspects, based on facts, predicted future consequences according to normal reasoning, and added clear logic. As the saying goes, "facts speak louder than words," and properly quoting facts in debates can have effects that empty theories cannot achieve.
3. Yu Qing used the method of attribution to refute Zhao Hao's sophistry of cutting off the land and feng Qin, and persuaded the King of Zhao with the consequences of the subjugation of the country. When King Zhao consulted for opinions, he used the analogy argument method: he quoted the story of Gongfu Wenbo's mother for the sake of staying behind, indicating that it was inconvenient to express his opinion due to his identity. Lou Huan revealed to King Zhao that he was risking the crime to tell the truth, which increased the credibility of his opinion.
Yu Qing correctly analyzed the relations between the countries and suggested that the land befriended the State of Qi to force Qin to send gifts and seek peace. It can be seen that he has both eloquence and proficiency in diplomatic tactics. He can incisively analyze the situation and know how to take advantage of the delicate relations between countries and adopt the correct diplomatic tactics to achieve diplomatic victories for Zhao Guo.
4. Grasp the breakthrough of the problem, you can better solve the problem. Su Dai's witty words took GaoDu because he was good at thinking about problems from the other side's position, taking Gaodu itself as a breakthrough, pointing out that if South Korea gave up Gaodu, Zhou Guo would definitely submit to Korea. When the State of Qin heard this, it was bound to be furious, and they would burn the runes of the State of Zhou and not communicate with the envoys of the State of Zhou. In this way, South Korea exchanged a poor and weak high capital for a complete Zhou kingdom. Such a straightforward statement of the pros and cons, tightly grasping the psychology of the other party, so that the other party unconsciously into their own "trap". Similarly, in the story of persuading the King of Wei, the argumentative technique of directly stating the pros and cons and breaking through the problem is also used.
5. "The king is the subject", which is an important theme of feudal social politics, which is also the ideal model of feudal social politics. However, in the actual process of operation, because the monarch was generally wary of his subjects and lacked trust, it often interfered with the realization of this ideal model, so although Chen Yi temporarily eliminated the doubts of King Qin Hui with his eloquence and sufficient arguments, he was ultimately not used by King Qin Hui. "Loyalty and abandonment" is the central idea expounded here by the strategist Chen Yi of the Warring States period. Indeed, Chen Yi is good at using simple and vivid fables to express his abstract and profound truths, so that others can easily understand and accept his methods of thought. In this passage, Chen Yi adopts the rhetorical strategy of retreating into advance, and on the surface, Chen Yi is on the defensive, his words are humble, and he acknowledges the suspicion and reasoning of Zhang Yi and King Qin Hui; in fact, he is using the fable story of "those who have two wives in Chu" to illustrate the well-known truth that "disloyalty will be abandoned", and he forcefully refutes Zhang Yi's framing of him, and then, for the time being, he has obtained the understanding of King Qin Hui, and then he has all kinds of love and trust for him.
6. The book "OniGuzi" once talked about "fishing language", "its fishing language is in line with people." ...... Always hold its net to drive it away, it is not incomparable, but it is changed. Move with the elephant, repay his heart, see his feelings, and shepherd with it. ”
Fishing language is a guiding and enlightening speech at the beginning of the conversation, in order to elicit the other party's words and the other party's thoughts and emotions that are not willing to be exposed. The Qing dynasty Yu Yu explained: "Fishing language means that people can't hide words, and they are fished out by skill." "Like fishing for bait, using simple and seductive words to guide and open the other party, so that the other party has to speak.
7. Yong Rui's simple words saved Wei Ugly Fu's life. Yong Rui first asked the empress dowager a question of "people have unconsciousness after death", and after the empress dowager replied "there is consciousness", he assumed that the empress dowager's answer was correct, and then led to a ridiculous conclusion according to the point of view you answered, so that you could not refute it.
Some people say that it does not matter if the empress dowager replies, "Man has no consciousness after death." If the Empress Dowager admits that people have no consciousness after death, Yong Rui can say that since there is no consciousness, what is the reason for the Empress Dowager to get the person you loved before to the grave alive and bury it with the dead person? In short, no matter how the empress dowager answered, Yong Rui always had a word.
In lobbying activities, it is sometimes lobbied by the object, or because of emotional entanglement, or because of the confusion of thought, or because of the error of thinking method, consciously or unconsciously, there is a fallacy. In such a case, the best way is to take advantage of the spear to trap the shield, first assume that his point of view is valid, infer from this, lead to absurd conclusions, lead to his own "dead end", and then analyze and correct it, make it sober, and thus abandon his original wrong point of view.
8. The ancient ministers judged the nature of a thing and resolved the doubts of the monarch, which was of course one of their important duties, but because it was related to the rectification of social chaos and the success or failure of the imperial industry, it was very difficult for the courtiers to make decisions for the sake of the monarch. The Oniguzi Recipe says, "If a man is determined to doubt, if he benefits the good and hides it in evil, he will not be left alone and alienated." Therefore, he has made a failure, and he has made a victim, and this matter is a loss. "The key to the difficulty of doubting lies in the fact that the objective data on which they are based is confusing, and subjective judgments are often loved and hated by people and whether these materials are chosen or not.
People act rationally, both physically and reasonably. Acting far from being reasonable is a mistake. Since there are two kinds of reason, there are two different kinds of errors. Those who lose their physical knowledge, mostly due to insufficient knowledge, or because of carelessness, are inevitable and excusable. Those who are unreasonable will have a much more serious problem and are prone to disputes. All disputes in the world are often promoted to the scourge of war, not in the first mistake but in the latter, and the two cannot be viewed in equal measure. Therefore, ministers often encounter the problem of rational judgment and emotional judgment in the process of consultation. As a successful counselor with strong feelings for the monarch, and his feelings should contain profound thoughts, his doubts can be both reasonable and reasonable, reasonable and blended, and will have the appeal and persuasiveness to shock the monarch's heart.
9. People will probably have this experience: lobbying is a very difficult thing, because most people are very confident, the so-called "authorities are fans, bystanders are clear", which is the meaning.
Pingyuan Jun was "upright and mouthy", but fortunately Empress Lü's Marquis of Peiyang was not ashamed to befriend him. However, this arrogant Plain Jun, who gave him face, he didn't even want face, resolutely refused to meet, and gave the other party a meal of closed door soup, which was also Qiye. Lu Jia of "Su Shanjian" was well aware of these two people and Bing, so when he was in a difficult situation, he came to persuade him to seize this heavenly opportunity, "Feng Baijin said" to connect feelings, and his opening words of he Pingyuan's mother's death were strange not only to Peiyang Hou, but also to other monarchs. It was not until the mountain road turned to Yanghou that he saw "infinite scenery in the dangerous peak", and at this time, it was all shrouded in this warm vein. The grace of the dripping water should be repaid with a gushing spring. This is one of the styles of such a noble and noble scholar as the Plain King.
10. Without moving a knife and a shot, the small soldier successfully welcomed back the King of Zhao, because he dared to use his brain, boldly introduced himself, skillfully argued, grasped the crux of the problem, and directly explained the advantages and disadvantages, so that General Yan realized that killing King Zhao would get a greater disaster, which was equivalent to taking the blame and setting himself on fire. If the pros and cons can be carefully weighed, the king of Zhao should be released and let him return to China in exchange for the peace and development of the Yan kingdom. Here, the few words of the miscellaneous soldiers captured the fear of general Yan, so that he did not rush to easily send troops to kill the King of Zhao, but had to obediently let the King of Zhao go.
It can be seen that the power of language is infinite, the charm of argument is eternal, the spark of thinking needs to be ignited, and the potential of wisdom needs to be stimulated.
11. Yang Shan sent an envoy to the Wa Thorn Department, first testing the intentions of the other party, and then adhering to the principle of sincerity and treating things with the principle of peace as the most important thing. In the process of handling things, we must be good at considering problems from the other side's position and putting ourselves in the other party's shoes.
Harmony is the relative consistency, is the multi-one, one in the multi, is a kind of unity and equilibrium achieved by various different and opposing factors through mutual regulation. Thus, it neither cancels out each other, dissolves, nor simply arranges and combines, but merges the positive aspects of different factors into a harmonious and unified new whole. It retains the characteristics of the various factors without allowing them to cancel them out of each other, and is thus a whole with intrinsic vitality, vitality and regenerative power.
The concept of harmony is put into practice, forming Chinese unique way of behaving. The ideal state of national prosperity is harmony; the highest state of literature and art is harmony; people also advocate harmony in handling interpersonal relations, adhere to "peace as precious", use self-restraint to eliminate contradictions and differences, use mutual consultation to promote their strengths and avoid weaknesses, and coordinate the differences of all parties by seeking the consistency of interests. In addition, the ultimate goal of "harmony" is the harmony of man's heart.
12. Diplomatic negotiation is an eloquent language art, and the best diplomats in history have often been able to solve militaryly difficult problems through rhetoric. Facing the insatiable and insatiable Khitan king, the Song envoy Fubi on the one hand compared history with reality, deliberately exaggerated the northern Song Dynasty's military strength, and then psychologically attacked the Khitan lord's invincible vigor; on the other hand, he quietly separated the relationship between the Khitan lord and the khitan after the use of troops.
As we all know, diplomatic negotiations often have a distinct utilitarian color, if you directly show your own position to the other side, the attitude is tough, often affected by the other side's rebellious psychology, the negotiation is difficult to succeed; and deliberately engaging in some roundabout tactics seems to be considering from the other side's position, for the sake of the other side, intentionally arousing its motives for the benefit and harm, on the contrary, it is conducive to achieving its own goals.
13. Some rare treasures, only under certain conditions, will show their difference from other things. People are also like this, some people are wise and foolish, on the surface, even ordinary people are not as good, but in fact, they are full of special skills, the so-called "people can not be disguised." Similarly, people should do everything in moderation, do things according to the rules, and do not show their sharp edges, otherwise it is easy to expose their shortcomings prematurely, cause jealousy of others, and stimulate unnecessary disputes and contradictions.
14. Zhang Jiayan successfully quelled this mutiny in the border sea, and there are many things that can be praised: first, the soldiers of the mutiny believed that he could handle it impartially, and Zhang Gong had investigated and learned about it beforehand; secondly, the mutiny of the soldiers under the jurisdiction of the General Military Administration was really an unreasonable disturbance, so Zhang Gong's demeanor was strong, rational and strong, simple and concise, knowing the reason, and moving with affection, which produced a huge shock and appeal, and had the positive effect of suppressing evil and turning the tide with force; finally, it was "catching the thief before capturing the king." This disturbance is unreasonable and should be done well, so Zhang Gong scolded him not to make any more uproar, and if he did, his superiors could behead him and show it to the public. In this way, from then on, there was no one in the clan who dared to make a fuss.
The above examples tell us: Just words can help correct and dispel evil, and those who are too selfish look imposing and invincible, but in fact, they are stubble and empty in their hearts. If we are kind to them, excessive tolerance, concessions, and accommodation will only encourage their arrogant momentum, which will not only be of no help, but will make them inch forward, and if you dare to be tough and have a hard tone, those people will retreat.
15. "It is better to believe in books than to have no books." We must seriously think about the things in the books, take their essence, remove their dross, and then digest and absorb them in combination with specific practice; instead of abandoning the books and giving up reading. "Books are the source of wisdom", and only by relying on our own brains to dig can we "drink" the "spring water" that suits us best.
Confucius said: "To learn without thinking is to be reckless, and to think without learning is to perish." "Only by combining reading and thinking is the correct attitude for students to study." Otherwise, just reading books and not thinking will make themselves confused and confused and have nothing to gain, and people will fall into the predicament of mental exhaustion and hesitation. Books are tools for learning, tools for perfecting one's own thoughts, and if we, like Don Gicord, blindly revere the contents of books as holy will, this is not what we, as higher animals, should do. Of course, some of the knowledge in the book can be flexibly applied to our lives and studies, and we can completely remember some, if we blindly "eat" the steamed buns that others have chewed, and let others think of their own thoughts, that person will lose their personality.
Everyone compares teachers to candles, always burning themselves, illuminating others, and full of selfless dedication. In fact, the teacher is more like a captain, he should take on the responsibility of the entire ship passengers and sailors, the teacher is a profession with a sacred sense of mission, even if you burn yourself up, you may not be able to make people understand what light is, let alone cherish it. "Giving" is sublime, but does mere "giving" mean senseless "sacrifice"? Teachers should take off the aura of "candles" and be a guide, leading students to distinguish between true and false, and rely on their own efforts to find the other side of happiness.
16. From the general rules of logic, the truth of the argument is an important condition for the persuasiveness of the evidence, so the argument must be proved by the argument, and if the argument is not true, it cannot produce the effect of proving the argument. But in the course of the actual dialogue, some of the arguments are inherently absurd, and if the respondent adheres to the principle, then it is possible to be lured astray and end up in failure. Only by adopting the contingency tactics of far-fetched attachment and chaotic pulling and matching can we disrupt the questioner's phalanx, break the questioner's ulterior motives and win the game steadily.
In this war of words and words, Qin Mi, a scholar of the Shu Kingdom, replied like a stream, always had the upper hand, showed extensive knowledge, extraordinary diplomatic ability and eloquent eloquence, and won glory for the Shu people, which is worthy of admiration and study by future generations. However, the arguments that Qin Mi used to prove that "the heavens have heads, ears, feet, and surnames" are all false and irrefutable, although he approved the authoritative citation of famous sentences in the Book of Poetry as a cloak of evidence, which seemed to be justified and irrefutable. However, the factor that determines the victory or defeat of this war of words shows which side is highly eloquent is not whether it follows the logical rules of the facts of argument, because Zhang Wen originally deliberately asked these meaningless and absurd questions to make it difficult for Qin Mi, and if Qin Mi refused to answer, or used scientific reasoning to explain why Qingtian had a head, ears, feet, and surnames, it would be laughed at by Zhang Wen, a Wu person, and spread to the State of Wu, which was bound to affect the image of the Shu people. Moreover, under the historical conditions at that time, these problems had not been scientifically explained, and even if they had been clarified, in that aggressive atmosphere, Qin Mi was not allowed to explain these problems in detail in a long speech.
17. In the process of doing things, the parties should act according to the rules and orders, but they should not blindly obey orders and submit to orders. On the contrary, in the face of many problems, which is lighter and heavier, which is larger and which is smaller, we must have a clear idea in mind, take into account the overall situation, understand the overall situation, and analyze specific problems. Shi Renwang was ordered to rush to the scene of the fire, and did not act hastily, but left people under the knife. When sending an errand to the emperor, Shi Renwang refused to argue, and The Emperor Lizu saw that Zhou Ye's father was on the merits of guarding the border, and could not easily kill Zhou Ye. As a result, The Patriarch realized that this did not delay the "big thing". Shi Renwang was greatly rewarded and reused, and Zhou Ye was also forgiven.