On October 2, 1945, less than two months after Japan announced its surrender, there was a fierce gunshot in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, whereby at the behest of Chiang Kai-shek, The commander of the Kunming Defense, Du Yuming, deployed Qiu Qingquan, commander of the Fifth Army, to launch a mutiny, disarming Wang Longyun of Yunnan by force and holding him hostage in Chongqing.
Why did Chiang Kai-shek, when the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression had just been victorious, could not wait to move his sword at Long Yun?
We know that although on December 29, 1928, after Zhang Xueliang announced the "change of northeast China", Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government completed national reunification. However, this unification is only nominal. Outside the areas controlled by Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist government, there were numerous local warlords. For example, Zhang Xueliang, a warlord of the Feng clan in the northeast, Li Zongren and Bai Chongxi of the Gui clan in Guangxi, Zhang Fakui, Li Jishen, and Chen Jitang of the Guangdong clan warlords, Liu Xiang of the Sichuan clan, and Long Yun, a Dian warlord in Yunnan.
Long Yun was a native of En'an (present-day Zhaotong County), Yunnan Province, who had learned a good martial art as a teenager and had a chivalrous heart, and was known as the "Three Musketeers of Zhaotong" along with Lu Han and Zou Ruoheng. In 1911, at the age of 27, Long Yun joined the Dian Army. The following year, he entered the famous Yunnan Daowutang to study - Zhu De also graduated from the Daowutang, and it is said that Long Yun was still Zhu De's disciple.
In 1927, Long Yun served as the commander of the 38th Army and the acting chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government. Yunnan has entered the "Longyun Era". During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Long Yun refused Wang Jingwei's solicitation and threw himself into the anti-Japanese torrent. Long Yun formed the Dian Army into the 60th Army and went out of Yunnan to participate in the War of Resistance. In the first battle, the Battle of Taierzhuang, the 60th Army heroically killed the enemy and suffered heavy sacrifices.
Longyun Power Generation encouraged the 60th Army to continue to kill the enemy bravely: "The Sixty Army fought bravely, and the Wangdian people continued to work hard. ”
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Dian Army successively appeared in the anti-Japanese fronts of Lunan, Wuhan, Xiangbei, Ganbei and Southern Yunnan, and participated in a series of large-scale battles. Figures show that in the 8 years of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Long Yun sent a total of 400,000 Dian troops to the front line to participate in the War of Resistance, with about 100,000 casualties. In addition, 50,000 troops were recruited and sent to other units to participate in the War of Resistance.
At that time, the total population of the entire Yunnan Province was only 9 million people, and 450,000 Dian troops participated in the War of Resistance, and they brought their own dry food, which showed that under the command of Long Yun, Yunnan's support and sacrifice for the war was enormous.
During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Long Yun also made a very special contribution, that is, the construction of the Burma Road. We know that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in order to stifle China's anti-Japanese cause, Japan used its sea control power to blockade China's coastal zone and prevent other countries from aiding China from entering China. Long Yun proposed to Chiang Kai-shek to build the Burma Highway and open the entrance to foreign aid in the southwest direction.
Chiang Kai-shek agreed to Long Yun's suggestion.
Therefore, from December 1937, Longyun actively organized the construction. The Yunnan provincial government recruited a large number of migrant workers, with an average of 150,000 migrant workers at the construction site every day, reaching 300,000 at the most. In order to speed up the progress of the construction period, Long Yun gave a death order to the county magistrates of the counties in Yunnan Province: "The Yunnan Burma Highway must be completed as scheduled, otherwise I will come to see you with handcuffs." ”
At the end of August 1938, after the hard work of 200,000 people, the Burma Highway, which attracted the attention of all China and even the world, was finally opened to traffic. During the construction, more than 3,000 migrant workers died. Therefore, this highway is full of the blood and sweat of the people of all ethnic groups in Yunnan.
The Burma Highway became the only transportation channel connecting China with the outside world at that time, and played an extremely important role in the cause of anti-Japanese resistance. The weapons and equipment needed by millions of troops, the various materials needed to maintain economic operation, and the basic consumer goods needed by countless people who have moved to the rear areas have continuously passed through the Burma Road and entered the Great Southwest.
However, although Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek came together because of the common anti-Japanese cause, there were still great contradictions between them. On the one hand, although Long Yun gave everything he could to support the cause of the War of Resistance, he would never allow Chiang Kai-shek to take the opportunity to invade Yunnan and threaten his "independent kingdom" in Yunnan; on the other hand, although Chiang Kai-shek was grateful for Long Yun's great contribution to the war, he also tried to further control Yunnan and lay a more solid foundation for the rear area.
In this way, fierce and sharp clashes inevitably ensued between the two sides. For example, after the outbreak of the Pacific War in 1941, the Japanese army attacked western Yunnan, and the Central Army's Guan Linzheng Department, Du Yuming's Department, and Song Xilian's Department successively entered Yunnan. The main force of the Dian Army has been transferred out of Yunnan to fight the Japanese on the front line. Long Yun felt the danger of being annexed by the Central Army, and despite the order that no regular army should be built at the local level, he quickly formed 8 infantry brigades to counter the Central Army.
Another contradiction between Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek is that Long Yun maintained contact with the ANTI-Japanese forces of the Chinese Communists in order to protect himself, and Long Yun had good relations with Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, and others. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Chiang Kai-shek repeatedly created anti-communist friction in various places, but only Yunnan did not have anti-communist friction under Long Yun's control. This aroused chiang kai-shek's suspicions. He specifically recorded in his diary that "attention should be paid to the CCP and the Dianlong in northern Shaanxi."
If we say that during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Long Yun and Chiang Kai-shek would not finally tear their faces apart because they resisted aggression together. When the victory of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression came, Chiang Kai-shek would have to free up his hands to "clean up" Long Yun.
In early 1945, Chiang Kai-shek summoned Du Yuming twice and asked him to "solve Longyun" (龙云). After Du Yuming returned to Kunming, he made detailed arrangements for deployment and simulated exercises.
On October 2, 1945, in accordance with the pre-deployment, Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist Government issued an order to remove Long Yun, chairman of the Yunnan Provincial Government, from his post as chairman and transferred to the military senate, and at the same time dispatched the Kuomintang Central Army stationed in Kunming to trap Long Yun in Wuhua Mountain.
Chiang Kai-shek instructed Du Yuming to concentrate fire on Mount Wuhua, where Long Yun lived, in case Long Yun disobeyed the order. [Data expansion: Yang Zhenning called Du Yuming "Mr. Du" Zhou Enlai quickly corrected: should be called father-in-law]
Du Yuming and Long Yun have a good personal relationship and are unwilling to harm Long Yun. He proposed that the bombardment of Wuhua Mountain would affect the security of Yunnan University and the Southwest United University, cause a wave of students, and cause extremely bad political impact. Chiang Kai-shek listened and had no choice but to give up. [Data Expansion: Famous Anti-Japanese War Generals Who Insisted on Tongguan Followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan and Became Beggars]
Subsequently, under the persuasion of He Yingqin, Song Ziwen and others, Long Yun left Wuhua Mountain and went to Chongqing.
Chiang Kai-shek finally succeeded in taking long yun's "king of Yunnan". However, this matter was too unormal and buried hidden dangers, and the generals of the Dian Army were deeply dissatisfied. So that later, in 1949, Lu Han, a senior general of the Dian Army, led an uprising in Kunming and peacefully liberated Yunnan.
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