Qiu Jin, the most famous heroine and heroine of modern China, is a female Haojie, she can write poems and fill in words, she can ride a horse to fencing, her temperament is heroic and chivalrous, and her behavior is fierce.
At a time of social darkness and national peril, Qiu Jin resolutely left her vulgar husband to find a way to save the country and save the people. Finally, for the sake of the great revolutionary cause, Qiu Jin died generously, and when he died, he was only thirty-two years old.
To this day, when we gaze at Qiu Jin's photo, we can still feel the forced heroism emanating from her body, and looking at what she has done in her life, it will make countless boys ashamed.
No wonder, even Zhixian, who ordered her execution, committed suicide because of her.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > first, the common man's mind who knows me, the hero's end should be tormented. </h1>
On November 8, 1875, Qiu Jin was born in Xiamen, Fujian Province, and the Qiu family was a family of officials and eunuchs, so Qiu Jin received a good education from an early age, but she received an old-fashioned education, learning the Four Books and Five Classics, poetry and song.
Qiu Jin is intelligent by nature, and when she was more than ten years old, she could write poems and fill in words, and her talent was far above that of her brothers and sisters. Her father, Qiu Shounan, once said to her with a sigh, "If you were a boy, you would definitely be able to achieve something in the imperial examination in the future." ”
Qiu Jin said: "The world despises women too much, otherwise there will be many heroines." "Since childhood, Qiu Jin's most admired ones are Qin Liangyu, Shen Hongying, And Liang Hongyu.
In 1891, Qiu Jin's family returned to their hometown of Shaoxing and settled in Changtang. After that, she went to Xiaoshan's grandmother's house to learn martial arts with her cousin Shan Zongxun, who was highly skilled in martial arts, and after hard training, she learned boxing, swordplay, stick techniques, and horseback riding.
Therefore, Qiu Jin later gave herself a name called "Jian Hu Woman", not empty of her name, she is a woman who can really do martial arts.
Qiu Jin must have hoped that she could also become a heroine and a female haojie, but in feudal society, it was difficult for a woman to make a difference. As a girl, Qiu Jin was still free to read and learn swords, and once she married a woman, she would be trapped by the constraints of feudal society.
But the day still came. In 1896, Wang Huangchen, a rich man in Xiangtan, took Zeng Wuye, the grandson of Zeng Guofan, as a matchmaker, and proposed to the Qiu family for his younger son, Prince Fang (Zi Tingjun). Qiu Shounan heard that Wang Zifang was studying at the famous Yuelu Academy, a famous school, with eight shares, good at writing and ink, and handsome appearance, so he agreed to the marriage.
On May 13, Qiu Jin and Wang Zifang were officially married, at this time, Qiu Jin was twenty-one years old and Wang Zifang was sixteen years old.
After marrying into the Xiangtan royal family, Qiu Jin deeply realized the cruel oppression of women by feudal etiquette.
Mother-in-law Qu Shi, with a violent personality and love to nitpick, she asked Qiu Jin to ask Ann three times a day in the morning, middle and evening, and there should be no slight disrespect, and the slightest impropriety would be scolded in person. This makes Qiu Jin, who loves freedom and has a strong temperament, live in purgatory every day.
What disappointed Qiu Jin even more was that Prince Fang was actually a pampered brother who did not learn any skills. In a letter to her eldest brother Qiu Yuzhang, she directly accused Wang Zifang of "having no faith, no friendship, gambling, false words, harming others, bullying relatives, and yelang's arrogant copper stinky bad habits and ugly manners", which shows how disappointed Qiu Jin is in this marriage.
Later, Qiu Jin wrote a bullet-word novel "Jingwei Shi" to accuse the feudal etiquette of cruel oppression of women, which said: "If the son is guilty, it is all attributed to the daughter-in-law; when the things are missing, the daughter-in-law steals it and sends it to the mother's house; the son is originally a bad thing that is not mature, but it is said that my son is good, and it is the daughter-in-law who comes to teach the bad; the family or the business is broken, or the dead person, there is something that is not smooth, that is, the daughter-in-law's life is not good." It is like a thorn in the eye, a thorn in the flesh, and I want to put it to death. ”
This is probably also a self-portrayal of Qiu Jin's married life.
In 1899, Wang Dichen used money to buy Wang Zifang an official in charge of the household department, and although Qiu Jin was not ashamed of buying officials, where the Wang family had her share of speaking, she had to follow Wang Zifang to move to Beijing. When the Eight-Power Coalition captured Beijing, the family returned to Xiangtan. In 1901, Wang Zifang went to Beijing again to serve, at this time, Qiu Jin's father died, and he did not go to Beijing.
In 1903, Qiu Jin went to Beijing again to live with Wang Zifang.
The painful married life did not make Qiu Jin become a vulgar woman, she has always paid attention to the changes in the situation, when she was in Xiangtan, she often read progressive newspapers such as "Xiangxue New Daily" and "Xiang Bao", and also wrote to her brother in Beijing to inquire about the change of law. Now that Qiu Jin has arrived in Beijing, she has closely observed the great changes in society, seen the country constantly being humiliated by foreign countries, and her sense of responsibility for saving the country and the people in her heart has become even stronger.
In Beijing, Qiu Jin befriended a like-minded confidant, Wu Zhiying.
Wu Zhiying was born in Tongcheng, and his uncle was Wu Rulun, a famous scholar of the "Tongcheng School", who had been the chief teacher of the Beijing Normal University, and was an enlightened scholar who studied both Chinese and Western. Under the influence of Wu Rulun, Wu Zhiying inherited her family's education at an early age, was talented, and was a new woman who was intellectually progressive at that time. Wu Zhiying's husband, Lian Quan, once participated in the "book on the bus" and was also a patriotic young man with progressive thinking.
Wu Zhiying
After Qiu Jin met Wu Zhiying, the two often exchanged poetry together, discussed the current situation, and exchanged views on women's liberation. Qiu Jin also saw more progressive books in Wu Zhiying's home, and her ideological understanding was further improved.
Later, Qiu Jin married Wu Zhiying and swore an oath that "you will never be humble and consistent".
At the same time that Qiu Jin was worried about the peril of the nation and actively looking for a way to save the country, Wang Zifang was drilling his promotion and wealth skills, greeting officials and guests all day, flattering, managing interpersonal relations, and often staying home at night.
On the day of the Mid-Autumn Festival in 1903, Wang Zifang went out to socialize again, and Qiu Jin packed up her home, changed into a man's clothes, and went out to the theater to see a play. Wang Zifang was greatly annoyed when he learned of this, and felt that Qiu Jin had shown his face and lost his face, he ran home angrily, and when he saw Qiu Jin, he scolded him, and above his anger, he also slapped Qiu Jin. At this moment, Qiu Jin's anger was also ignited, and the resentment that had accumulated for many years was unbearable, and she immediately ran out of the house and ran away from home.
Qiu Jin opened a customer in the Taishun Inn outside the Fucheng Gate, in the customer, her heart could not be calm for a long time, thinking of the country's peril, but she was trapped in this terrible marriage, unable to practice her wish to save the country, and what was even more hateful was that this vulgar man who lived with him did not understand the direction of his heart.
Therefore, Qiu Jin, who was embarrassed, wrote a poem "Man Jiang Hong" with a pen:
Staying in Jinghua, it is the Mid-Autumn Festival. For the yellow flowers under the hedge bloom all over, autumn is like a swab. The four-sided song is finally broken, and the flavor of eight years is in vain. Bitterly send Nong Qiang as a moth eyebrow, no crumbs!
The body is not good, the boy is listed; the heart is stronger than the boy. Count the liver and gallbladder, because people are often hot. Who knows me? The hero's end is a grind. Where does Mang Hongchen find Zhiyin? Wet green shirts!
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > second, the woman is not a hero, and wanli rides the wind alone to the east. </h1>
After Qiu Jin ran away from home, Prince Fang was afraid that his colleagues would know that he was laughing at him, so he sent a servant to send a letter to Qiu Jin, saying that he would definitely change his past and persuade his wife to go home. Qiu Jin was unmoved.
Prince Fang saw that he could not persuade Qiu Jin, so he had to go to Wu Zhiying to help persuade him. Wu Zhiying found Qiu Jin and said, "You don't have a clear goal now, and you are not ready to leave your family. It is better to go home first and think about it in the long run. ”
Indeed, leaving the family is a big thing, and after leaving, how to practice her way of saving the country is also a problem, and she needs a thorough preparation.
At this time, Qiu Jin thought of the wave of studying abroad at that time. Studying abroad can learn more new ideas and new knowledge, and international students are the most progressive group of ideas, where it is easier to find comrades who save the country and the people with themselves. Therefore, Qiu Jin decided to study in Japan.
Studying abroad requires money, so Qiu Jin can only return home first to raise the cost of studying abroad.
Knowing that Qiu Jin wanted to study abroad, Wang Zifang was naturally ten thousand unwilling, he hid Qiu Jin's dowry to prevent Qiu Jin from selling the dowry for tuition, Qiu Jin was extremely angry, but he had no choice but to sell his jewelry and clothes to his friends for money.
Wang Zifang bought many expensive clothes for Qiu Jin, and also specially rented a car for her, specifically for Qiu Jin to watch dramas, hoping to please Qiu Jin and dispel Qiu Jin's idea of studying abroad.
But as Qiu Jin said, how can a common man know her with a broad mind? Wang Zifang still regards Qiu Jin as an ordinary woman, thinking that beautiful clothes and expensive jewelry can please her, and she does not understand Qiu Jin's inner pursuit at all.
Finally, Qiu Jin struggled to make up the tuition fees for studying abroad. But at this moment, Qiu Jin learned that Wang Zhao, a member of the Law Change sect, was arrested and imprisoned for changing the law. Although Qiu Jin did not agree with the reformist path of national salvation, she admired their patriotic enthusiasm, so Qiu Jin took out some of the money she had collected and entrusted someone to send him to prison anonymously as a cost of rescue. After Wang Zhao was released from prison, he learned that Qiu Jin had sent him money and wanted to come to the door to thank him, and Qiu Jin had already gone east.
Because of the funding of Wang Zhao, Qiu Jin's tuition fees were not enough, and Qiu Jin had to go south to raise money. Back at Shaoxing's mother's house, Qiu Jin entrusted her son and daughter to her mother, the Qiu family has fallen since Qiu Shounan's death, Qiu Mother learned that Qiu Jin was going to study abroad, and reluctantly scraped together three hundred taels of silver and handed it to Qiu Jin. In such a situation, Qiu Jin's heart is very uncomfortable to ask her mother for help, but if she wants to embark on the road of saving the country as soon as possible, she can only rely on her mother.
In 1904, Qiu Jin spent the Spring Festival in Shaoxing and returned to Beijing. In April, Wu Zhiying, Tao Huozi and other friends gathered in Taoran Pavilion, and everyone wrote poems to give gifts for Qiu Jin. In May, Qiu Jin finally left her vulgar husband and boarded the "Independence" ship to study in Japan.
On the boat, there is a Japanese friend Ishii, composing a poem, please Qiu Jin and poetry, Qiu Jin waved the pen to stand:
Japanese Ishii Junsuo and instant use of the original rhyme
The woman of the clouds is not a hero, and she rides the wind alone to the east!
Poetry sails the sea and the sky, and the dream soul mishima moon is exquisite.
The copper camel has fallen into sorrow and looked back, and the sweat horse was finally ashamed of its failure.
If Xu is sad and the country hates, then the guests spend the spring breeze.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > third, turbid wine does not sell the tears of the country, and when it is saved, it should be out of the crowd. </h1>
After arriving in Japan, Qiu Jin first entered the Japanese Language Training Center set up by the Qing Dynasty International Students Association to study Japanese, and at the same time entered the Japanese Practical Girls' School in Japan.
In addition to studying, Qiu Jin's most important activities are to publicize the ideas of women's liberation and equal rights for men and women, as well as to find revolutionary comrades and explore the way to save the country and the people.
As soon as she arrived in Japan, Qiu Jin joined the "Common Love Association", which was founded in Tokyo in April 1903 by female international student Hu Binxia to rescue 20,000 female compatriots, ensure women's rights, and awaken the consciousness of female masters, so that they can exert their respective abilities and fulfill their national obligations.
After Qiu Jin joined the association, together with member Chen Yufen, he reorganized the "Mutual Love Association" and renamed it as the "Implementation of the Common Love Association". However, the scope of activities of the "Common Love Association" is limited, and it is completely unable to carry out Qiu Jin's ambitions.
On September 24, 1904, Qiu Jin and international students founded the monthly magazine "Vernacular", and successively published articles such as "Tribute to 20,000 Female Compatriots in China" and "Tribute to My Compatriots", advocating equality between men and women and calling for patriotic salvation.
Qiu Jin also actively participated in various speech activities and proposed to organize "speech practice meetings". The perceptive Qiu Jin, who was aware of the importance of Mandarin at that time, mentioned in the fifth charter of the "Speech Practice Society": "The chinese Chinese are different in every place, so the speaker gushes endlessly, and the listener is deaf." In the meeting, a common language research association is attached, and all speeches are in Mandarin. The study of Mandarin is the role of those who are good at Mandarin in the Guild. "It can be said that Qiu Jin was one of the pioneers in promoting Mandarin.
Qiu Jin often gives speeches at the gatherings of international students, she has eloquent eloquence, and her speeches are very convincing and infectious. At that time, there was a news in the women's newspaper "Women's World": "On the thirteenth day of the eighth month of the Chinese calendar, it was the period when the six gentlemen of the Wushu Dynasty became ren, and the colleagues studying abroad set up a public festival on the day." Li Bi, the same person speech, to Zhejiang Qiu Xuanqing (Jin), the lady is the most painful. There were more than 120 people who came to the meeting on that day, and all the people who heard it were weeping. ”
At this time, Qiu Jin also began to join the revolutionary group with anti-Qing purposes.
In the spring of 1904, Feng Liberty and Liang Muguang were ordered by Sun Yat-sen to establish a revolutionary group triad in Yokohama, Japan, and in November, Qiu Jin was invited by Feng Liberty's wife, Li Zihua, to join the triad, and was also named "White Fan" (commonly known as a military division) by Feng Liberty Liang Muguang. The triad belongs to the Hongmen system, and the "white fan" is one of the "Hongmen Three and Brothers", which shows that Qiu Jin is highly valued.
Later, Qiu Jin became acquainted with the revolutionary Tao Chengzhang, and wanted to join the Guangfu Association established by Tao Chengzhang and others, but at first, Tao Chengzhang did not agree, because the Guangfuhui was an underground organization that advocated riots and assassinations as revolutionary means, and she was worried that Qiu Jin would not be able to do these things as a woman.
However, Qiu Jin's attitude was very resolute, she pulled out the Japanese sword she carried with her, and danced a set of sword techniques on the spot, and Tao Chengzhang was greatly appreciated after reading it. Because at that time, it was stipulated that to join the GuangfuHui, it was necessary to be recommended by more than two members of the organization, so Tao Chengzhang personally wrote a letter to Cai Yuanpei in Shanghai and Xu Xilin in Shaoxing, recommending Qiu Jin to join the Guangfuhui.
At the beginning of 1905, Qiu Jin graduated from the Japanese Language Training Institute, planning to transfer to the "Qing Dynasty Women's Normal And Craft Accelerated Course" three months later, but at that time, the price level in Japan was double that of the Qing Dynasty, and the money qiu Jin brought was running out of money, and she could only return to China to raise money.
At the end of March, when Qiu Jin returned to Shanghai, she first visited Cai Yuanpei, who was then the principal of the Shanghai Patriotic Girls' School, and asked him to recommend herself to join the Guangfu Society, but without Cai Yuanpei's refusal, Qiu Jin left disappointed.
In April, Qiu Jin returned to her hometown in Shaoxing and learned from her mother that her brother Qiu Yuzhang had tried his best to raise a sum of money in order for her to continue her studies, and entrusted Wang Zifang, who lived in Beijing, to send it to her. Qiu Jin was very angry when she heard this, and she later wrote to Qiu Yuzhang: "The people of Zifang behave badly as animals and beasts, and people have no food. He also said, "My sister has been pierced to the bone, and she should meet as an enemy." "
In order to let Qiu Jin continue to study, her mother collected another 600 yuan for her.
At the beginning of May, Qiu Jin took Tao Chengzhang's letter and visited Xu Xilin, who was recognized by Xu. Xu Xilin arranged for her to work as a temporary instructor of gymnastics at the Mingdao Girls' School, and in June she went to ShaoxingFu Academy as a teacher.
Japan's practice girls' school, a letter urging Qiu Jin to return to school. On June 28, Qiu Jin left Shaoxing and went to Shanghai, intending to take a boat from Shanghai to Japan, just when Tao Chengzhang returned to Shanghai from Japan, with the recommendation of Tao Chengzhang and Xu Xilin, Qiu Jin successfully joined the GuangfuHui.
At the beginning of July, Qiu Jin took a boat to Japan. At that time, Japan and Russia were fighting over the Korean Peninsula and Northeast China, fighting in the land of Northeast China. Qiu Jin was on the boat, seeing the map of the Russo-Japanese War, her heart was full of grief and indignation, just when the Japanese asked her for a poem, Qiu Jin wrote a poem "The Japanese in the Yellow River Boat Ask for Sentences and See the Map of the Russo-Japanese War" with a pen.
Wanli rode on the clouds to come back, alone in the East China Sea to carry spring thunder.
Bear with the picture to move the color, willing to make the country pay the ashes.
Turbid wine does not sell the tears of sorrow to the country, and when it is saved, it should be a group of talents.
Fight for 100,000 heads of blood, and you must save qiankun.
Back in Japan, Qiu Jin entered the "QingGuo Women's Normal and Craft Accelerated Course" to study, which was a one-year course with very heavy coursework, and had to learn Japanese, education, psychology, science, geography, history, arithmetic, drawing, music and other courses. In addition, Qiu Jin also taught herself the knowledge of nurses, and referred to Japanese books and translated a "Nursing Course".
The heavy workload did not stop Qiu Jin's revolutionary activities.
At the same time that Qiu Jin returned to Japan, Sun Yat-sen also came to Japan from Europe and established a unified revolutionary party in Japan, the China League Association. On August 20, the League established its headquarters in Tokyo.
Qiu Jin was very happy when she learned of this, and she was eager to join the Alliance. On September 4, Qiu Jin met with Sun Yat-sen under the arrangement of Song Jiaoren. In the afternoon of the same day, under the guidance of Feng Free, Qiu Jin fulfilled the membership procedures and officially joined the Alliance. She solemnly swore an oath: "Qiu Jingxiong swore on that day: to expel the Tartars, restore China, establish the Republic of China, equalize land rights, believe in Yazhong, have a beginning and a pawn, such as or Yu this, let the punishment be punished." ”
Qiu Jin was the second student from Zhejiang to join the League, and six days later, she was elected as the main ally of the League' Zhejiang nationality.
In this year, in the face of rising anti-Qing sentiment, the Qing government decided to "establish a constitution" and win the hearts and minds of the people, so it sent Zaize and five other ministers to Europe and the United States to "investigate." On September 24, the revolutionary Wu Fan assassinated five ministers with a bomb at the Beijing railway station, but the assassination failed and he died heroically. After Qiu Jin learned about it, she published a long poem "Hanging Wu Fan Martyrs" and sent 40 yuan to Wu Fan's relatives to offer condolences.
In December, something big happened in the Japanese study abroad community. In order to crack down on Chinese students, and at the same time help the Qing government control students and curry favor with the Qing government, The Japanese Province of Wendu distributed the "Regulations on the Admission of Qing Students in Private Schools", which was what the newspaper said at the time.
As soon as this regulation came out, it aroused the indignation of the Chinese students. On December 8, in order to oppose this Japanese rule, Chen Tianhua, a member of the League and a well-known revolutionary propagandist, wrote the tragic "Book of Death" and committed suicide by jumping into the sea.
Chen Tianhua's death has had a strong response among international students. On December 9, the international students publicly promoted Qiu Jin as the convener and held a memorial service for Chen Tianhua at the International Students Association. At the meeting, Qiu Jin issued a speech, asking the international students to act with one heart and one mind, and all of them went on strike and returned to China.
Speaking of excitement, Qiu Jin pulled out the Japanese knife in the boot barrel, inserted it on the stage, and shouted loudly: "If someone returns to the motherland, surrenders to Manchuria, sells friends for glory, and eats me with a knife." ”
Inspired by Qiu Jin's speech, on December 14, 204 students of Chen Tianhua's Hunan Hometown Association returned to China en masse, and on the 17th, 220 people dropped out of school and returned to China, and by January of that year, more than 2,000 international students had returned to China after school strike.
But Qiu Jin's claims have also been opposed by some people. For example, Zhou Shuren (Lu Xun), he felt that it was unrealistic for all students to return to China after the strike, it was not easy to implement, and moreover, the students' studies were interrupted, their lives were empty, and they might be swept away by the Qing government after returning to China, which obviously outweighed the disadvantages.
However, Qiu Jin had a strong temperament, even if Japan had compromised and was not ready to implement the "Ban Rules", Qiu Jin still insisted that all international students return to China after class strike, and she said indignantly: "Chinese always do things, and from then on, they will not work together with international students." ”
On December 25, 2019, he was dropped out of the school.
Before returning home, Qiu Jin took a photo at a photo studio in Tokyo, where she was dressed in a kimono and clutched a sheathed Japanese sword in her hand. This photo is the most common image of Qiu Jin we see today.
<h1 class = "pgc-h-arrow-right" > fourth, men and women are equally talented, how dare they be behind the cattle. </h1>
After Qiu Jin returned to China, she temporarily lived in Yokohama Bridge, Sichuan Road, Shanghai. Soon, in Shanghai Ma Cao Jiadu, Qiu Jin met wu Zhiying, a close friend who had been separated for a long time.
After a long time of reunion, the two have endless words, they drink Shaoxing wine, while chatting about the experience after the farewell, talking about the views of the situation, the most talked about, is the two people are most concerned about the issue of women's liberation.
Drunk to the slightest, Qiu Jin drew her sword and danced, singing loudly, and Wu Zhiying's husband Lian Quan played the organ to accompany her.
Qiu Jin sang the "Mian Feminist Song" that she used her musical knowledge in Japan to compose and compose music by herself:
My generation loves freedom and encourages freedom with a glass of wine. Men and women are gifted with equal rights, are they willing to live behind the cattle? May you extricate yourself and wash away the shame and shame of the past. May peace be your companions and restore your hands to the mountains.
The old habit is the most shameful, and the woman is even a cow and horse puppet. Dawn has newly released civilization hou and gone to the top spot. May slaves be eradicated and intellectual learning be practiced. The responsibility is on the shoulders, and the national female master period is not responsible.
The scenery is truly fascinating.
In February 1906, Qiu Jin returned to Shaoxing to attend the meeting of the leading members of the Guangfu Society. At the meeting, Qiu Jin proposed the establishment of a public office for students in Shaoxing to publicize revolutionary ideas to the vast number of young people and conduct military training. In March, Qiu Jin joined the Xunxi Girls' School in Nanxunxi Town, Wuxing County, as a teacher, teaching Japanese, science and health knowledge.
At Xunxi Girls' School, Qiu Jin made a close friend, that is, Xu Zihua, an alumnus of Xunxi Girls' School. Xu Zihua was also a talented woman who was good at poetry, and she and Qiu Jin had similar interests and helped Qiu Jin's later revolutionary cause a lot. Xu Zihua's younger sister, Xu Shuangyun, also worshiped Qiu Jin as her teacher.
While teaching, Qiu Jin was also secretly carrying out revolutionary activities. In September, in order to provide weapons for the comrades who launched the uprising in Hunan, Qiu Jin and Chen Boping were making bombs in a hidden studio in the Shanghai Concession, but the bomb accidentally exploded, injuring Chen Boping in many places and Qiu Jin also injured his arm. The explosion attracted nearby patrol police, and Qiu Jin hurriedly told Chen Boping to hide, covered the wound with his clothes, and endured the pain and talked to the patrol police. After the patrol police left, everyone secretly sent Chen Boping to the acquaintance hospital for treatment, and Qiu Jin urgently treated his own wounds and returned to Shaoxing with his wounds.
After recovering from her injury, Qiu Jin wanted to run a women's newspaper to publicize the new idea of women's liberation, taking into account the low level of women's ordinary education and the content being mainly vernacular and colloquial, and named it "China Women's Daily". However, Qiu Jin had no money, the funds for running a newspaper became the biggest problem, and it was still not enough after raising many sources, and at an extremely difficult time, Xu Zihua and Xu Shuangyun sisters stepped forward and donated all the 1500 yuan earned from the cloth shop to Qiu Jin, and China's first vernacular women's magazine "China Women's Daily" was launched.
Qiu Jin not only runs a newspaper and writes articles to publicize women's rights, but also uses practical actions everywhere in life to safeguard women's rights.
There was a student named Wu Min at Xunxi Girls' School, and in order to pay off her debts, her parents gave her to her creditors as a child bride. After Qiu Jin knew, he tried every means to raise money and went to the creditor to redeem Wu Min, and since then, Wu Min has been following Qiu Jin.
Qiu Jin's good friend Chen Yufen, who was also a new woman with an awakened mind, also reorganized the "Common Love Association" with Qiu Jin when she was in Japan. However, her father, Chen Fan, in order to obtain revolutionary funds, wanted to marry her to the Guangdong businessman Liao Yipeng as a concubine, Chen Yufen was indignant, but did not have the courage to directly confront his father. Qiu Jin knew, and she took a few comrades straight to Chen Fan's house, reprimanded her face to face, and scolded: "Forcing a woman to be a concubine is a disorderly life." Under Qiu Jin's rebuke, Chen Fancai canceled the marriage contract.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > five, business hate unpaid comrades, put the sword sad song and tears. </h1>
After the work of "China Women's Daily" was on the right track, Qiu Jin made a major life decision, she wanted to organize an armed uprising.
Qiu Jin met with Xu Xilin at the Baiyun Nunnery at the Foot of Yuping Mountain in the West Lake to discuss an armed uprising. The two agreed to act separately and plan the Zhejiang-Anhui uprising, With Xu Xilin in charge of Anhui, Qiu Jin in charge of Zhejiang, and Chen Boping in charge of liaison between the two sides.
In December 1906, Qiu Jin went to Hangzhou to contact the Wubei Academy, the Benmu Academy, the Chicheng Public School, and the revolutionaries in the New Army to further develop the revolutionary organization. At the same time, Qiu Jin also inspected the streets and terrain of Hangzhou and drew a map to prepare for the uprising. Qiu Jin also ordered Lü Gongwang, a member of the GuangfuHui, to infiltrate the zhejiang patrolhouse garrison to find out the situation of the garrison.
Just when Qiu Jin was actively preparing for an armed uprising, unfortunate news came one after another, and in early December, the Pingliuli uprising in the Xiangtan area failed, and many revolutionary comrades died one after another. On December 29, her mother, who had been silently supporting Qiu Jin, also passed away, and at her mother's funeral, Qiu Jin presented a very painful tie:
The tree wants to be peaceful but the wind is not quiet, the son wants to raise but does not wait, is it enough to serve the mother for a hundred years? Mourning for several years, he was sick, and he yi gave up his hand and died for a long time, only enjoying the Spring and Autumn Period.
Love our country is not rewarded, nurturing my body is not repaid, ashamed of the seven feet of micro body! Fortunately, he is flowing every day, it should be kind and no goodbye, and it is difficult to find yao island three thousand.
A series of blows did not make Qiu Jin flinch, she gave her mother a funeral, and immediately threw herself into the revolutionary affairs.
In January 1907, Qiu Jin went to Yiwu, Jinhua, Lanxi and other places to meet with the leaders of the Longhua Society, the Pingyang Party and other secret party groups, and worked hard to eliminate the gap between the secret party and the Guangfu Society, and discussed jointly launching an armed uprising. Qiu Jin's heroic personality made her very popular among these secret parties, and she mobilized and organized more than a hundred young people to enter the Chase Academy for military training in these parties.
Datong Academy was founded by Tao Chengzhang and Xu Xilin. In the name of running schools, they covered revolutionary action. Chase Academy also legally purchased firearms and entered military training under the name of gymnastics training. Tao Xu and his men stipulated that the students of the Chase Academy must join the Guangfu Society, so the Datong Academy became a stronghold for the Guangfu Society to cultivate revolutionary forces.
After Qiu Jin presided over the Zhejiang uprising, she also took over the Chase Academy, and on March 18, she became the Inspector of the Chase Academy, presiding over the affairs of the Chase Academy.
In order to make the activities of Datong Hall "bright and upright", Qiu Jin met Guifu, the prefect of Shaoxing, through a relative surnamed Xu. On the day of the opening ceremony, Qiu Jin specially invited Guifu, Wang Zuo, president of the Shaoxing Education Association, Li Zhongyue of Shanyin Zhi County, and other officials to attend the ceremony. At the ceremony site, Guifu also wrote a couplet with a stroke of his pen: "Competitive Heavenly Performance, Crown the Earth." Qiu Jin's word "Jingxiong" is embedded in it. After the ceremony, the officials took a group photo with teachers and students. With the official "endorsement", Qiu Jin's actions are more convenient.
The funds of the Powerful Academy have always been very tight, and in order to raise money, Qiu Jin thought of her husband's family. She came to the Xiangtan Wang's house alone, and when Wang Zifang was not in Xiangtan, she said to the Gonggong Wang Chen: "I am now appointed as the supervisor of the Shaoxing Datong Normal School, and the Shaoxing prefect values me very much and hopes that I can make achievements. ”
Wang Dichen gave Qiu Jin three thousand oceans, but did not let her leave, he hoped that his son and daughter-in-law could break the mirror and reunite. However, at this time, Qiu Jin, where there was still energy to take care of the family, she took the money and secretly ran away.
Qiu Jin used the Datong Academy as a base, and in less than half a year, he recruited more than 600 people from the Secret Society, the New Army stationed in Hangzhou, the Wubei Academy, the Benmu Academy, and other organizations to join the Guangfu Society.
In May, Qiu Jin began to form an army, she first unified the members of the secret party into sixteen levels, and then unified the party forces with the members of the Zhejiang Guangfu Association into eight armies, named after the eight characters of "Guangfu Han, Great Zhenguoquan", collectively known as "Guangfu Army". The general of the Guangfu Army was named by Xu Xilin, and Qiu Jin himself served as a deputy general and commanded with full authority.
After the army was formed, Qiu Jin immediately drew up an uprising plan: it was scheduled to send troops from Jinhua Province on July 6, and the prefecture capital responded, and when the Qing army in Hangzhou went to suppress it, Shaoxing Province immediately sent a rebel army across the Qiantang River to attack Hangzhou, and the revolutionaries stationed in the New Army, the Wubei Academy, and the Benmu Academy in Hangzhou responded from within, and the inside and outside should be combined to seize Hangzhou in one fell swoop. If the operation failed, the rebel army immediately returned to Shaoxing, fleeing from Jinhua and Chuzhou to Jiangxi, and to Anhui to meet Xu Xilin's forces. At the same time as the Zhejiang uprising, Xu Xilin also launched an uprising in Anqing, and the two cooperated to seize the important places of the two provinces first, and then jointly take Nanjing.
After the uprising plan was formulated, Qiu Jin went to Shanghai to meet with Chen Boping and instructed him to report the plan to Xu Xilin.
Qiu Jin men's clothing photo
In order to raise funds and buy weapons, Qiu Jin went to great lengths to run around. In June, she visited Xu Zihua's home in Shimen and asked for help, and Xu Zihua sold his property and collected thirty-two gold, all of which was given to Qiu Jin. Qiu Jin knew that this was Xu Zihua's entire property, and she was very grateful in her heart, so she pulled off the Cui Ju she was wearing on her head and gave it back to Xu Zihua to keep as a souvenir. At the time of parting, Qiu Jin wrote two more poems to Xu Zihua, and there were clouds in the poems: "Not for the bones of the river without determination, it is always sometimes to blow together ping traces." It can be seen that Qiu Jin has already repaid the determination to die to launch an uprising.
Well planned and well-stocked, this should have been a successful armed uprising. However, Qiu Jin's team was crowded and mixed, coupled with the short preparation time and insufficient organization, and the people at the bottom had one accident after another.
In late June, Qiu Wengao, the leader of the Wudaitang Of the Pingyang Party Branch, without seeking the consent of his superiors, suddenly felt that an uprising had been launched in the village of 28du in Xixiang, Shengxian County, and although he had killed dozens of Qing soldiers, he had beaten the grass and startled snakes, which aroused the Qing government's great concern about the situation in Zhejiang.
In early July, Qiu Jin informed Liu Yaoxun, the commander of the Wuyi Guangfu Army, to prepare for the uprising, but this news was revealed by Liu's subordinate Nie Litang, and the residents of Wuyi stored grain, salt, and other items, which aroused the alarm of the government, Nie Litang was quickly arrested, and he also confessed some cadres of the Guangfu Army, including Tan Zhuo, an employee of the Datong Academy, which made the Qing government realize that the center of the Zhejiang uprising was in Shaoxing.
On July 4, the Jinhua uprising also failed. Within a few days, almost all branches and cadres of the Restoration Army were killed. In order to reorganize the troops, Qiu Jin decided to postpone the uprising until July 19.
At this time, Xu Xilin, who was in Anhui Province, was arrested by Ye Yanggao, a member of the Shanghai Guangfu Society, and gave up his code name, so he had to launch an uprising on July 6 in advance, but the uprising soon failed. On July 7, Xu Xilin was brutally murdered at the age of 35.
When the news of Xu Xilin's death came, Qiu Jin was extremely sad in her heart, and locked herself in her room, not eating or drinking all day, at this time, she understood that the general trend of armed uprising had gone.
Wang Bihua of The Shanghai Zizi Normal School, worried that Xu Xilin's death would implicate Qiu Jin, arranged a refuge for Qiu Jin in the French Concession and sent her student Hu Zhongqiu to pick up Qiu Jin. But Qiu Jin refused the kindness of her friend, and at this time, she was determined to use her own death to martyr her revolutionary cause, just like Tan Sitong at that time, using death to awaken more people.
Although the Qing government guessed that the center of the uprising was in Shaoxing, it did not know who was presiding over it, but at this moment, Xu Xingfeng, a student who had escaped from Datong Hall, told Hu Daonan the news that Qiu Jin would launch an uprising on July 19. Hu Daonan was Qiu Jin's nemesis, and when he was studying in Japan, he was scolded by Jin as a "dead man" for opposing Qiu Jin's women's liberation ideas.
Hu Daonan immediately reported to Guifu, the prefect of Shaoxing, who went to Hangzhou and reported to Zhang Zengyang, the governor of Zhejiang, requesting that troops be sent to Shaoxing to arrest Qiu Jin.
On July 11, Zhang Zengyang sent 300 new troops stationed in Hangzhou to prepare to go to Hangzhou to arrest Qiu Jin. Fearing that there were revolutionaries hiding in the new army, before leaving, they conducted a body search of all the officers and soldiers, which caused harassment and turmoil, and were overheard by the students of the nearby Armed Forces Academy, who immediately went to send a letter to Qiu Jin.
On the 12th, Qiu Jin got the news, but had no intention of escaping. She immediately ordered the students Yan Fa and others to take away the guns and ammunition in the Chase Academy and hide them, and let the students disperse and hide to preserve their strength for the future revolution. Then, Qiu Jin asked Wu Min to take away the family's secret books and the correspondence of the Guangfu Society and burn them.
After arranging everything, Qiu Jinjing sat down, the revolution came to this step, her heart was extremely painful, she was ready to die martyrdom, but where was the way out for the country? Where is the future of the nation? She looked at the sword in her hand and wrote the poem "Feeling Indignant":
Mang Mang Sighed And Saved Without Any Remorse.
Shu Sha has the wish to rise and fall, and Bo Lang has no cone to attack Qin.
The country knows that people are inferior, and righteousness and high do not hinder the poor of customers.
The manager hates the unpaid comrades, and puts the sword in sorrow and tears.
Subsequently, Qiu Jin wrote another poem "Desperate Words" and sent it to her female disciple Xu Shuangyun (Xu Zihuamei).
Desperate words
The drunken dreams of the painful compatriots are still faint, and the land of the motherland is sad!
The twilight of the poor, the tears of the new pavilion; The remnants of the mountains and the water, who summons the soul of the warrior?
There is no need for a three-foot lonely grave, and there is no clean soil in China; Holding a glass of Lu wine, he sang byron songs together.
Though dead and alive, sacrifice to fulfill my responsibilities; That is, this is goodbye, and the tide takes the head of the other.
Ambition is still weak, ambition is still unwavering, and the Central Plains look back and intestines are broken!
At 4:00 p.m. on July 13, Xu Fangzhao led the three hundred new troops from Hangzhou to surround the Datong Academy together with Guifu, the prefect of Shaoxing, Li Zhongyue of Shanyin Zhi County, and Li Duannian of Huizhizhi County. Someone once again persuaded Qiu Jin to escape, but she refused, but just asked the students and staff to leave quickly. Qing soldiers broke through the gate, and I don't know who fired a shot, and Qing soldiers immediately knocked down several people and injured several students. At that time, the weapons had been transferred, and only Qiu Jin was still carrying a pistol, but she was not ready to resist. Qing Bing searched for some manuscripts and arrested Qiu Jin, Cheng Yi and six others.
<h1 class= "pgc-h-arrow-right" > six, autumn wind and autumn rain are sad. </h1>
After Qiu Jin was taken away, he was interrogated that night, and Gui fu drank and ordered Qiu Jin to confess, and Qiu Jin said: "I made the manuscript of the theory, and the diary and letterhead were also written by me. ”
Guifu asked other questions again, Qiu Jin said "I don't know", Guifu ordered people to torture to force confessions, Qiu Jin gritted her teeth and closed her eyes, endured severe pain, and did not confess.
Seeing that torture did not work, Guifu turned to a kind and asked, "Do you really know Xu Xilin?" ”
Qiu Jin said, "Know." ”
Gui Fu thought he had found a breakthrough and asked what were the same church?
Qiu Jin suddenly smiled and said, "Guifu, when the Chase Academy opened, I invited you to attend the opening ceremony, and you gave me a pair of couplets of "Competitive Heavenly Performance, Crown the Earth", and this couplet and our group photo are still hanging in the Chase Academy, you are my party, since the opening of the Chase Academy, many plans have been discussed with you, do you need to elaborate on this? Comrade Guifu. ”
This call made Guifu stunned, and he was worried that he was suspected by the Qing court, so he had to announce his resignation.
After that, Guifu no longer dared to personally interrogate Qiu Jin, so he ordered Shanyin County to order Li Zhongyue to interrogate him.
On the morning of the 14th, Li Zhongyue interrogated Qiu Jin, and he put down a chair, let Qiu Jin sit down, and asked: "Are you a revolutionary party?" ”
Qiu Jin replied, "Yes." ”
Li Zhongyue said: "What did you join the revolutionary party for?" Don't you know it's against the law? ”
Qiu Jin said: "What I advocate is a revolution between men and women, and men and women have equal rights, and I don't know what law has been violated." ”
Li Zhongyue has always admired Qiu Jin, and he often took Qiu Jin's poem "Driving away the dreams of the Horse Zhongyuan, shattering the mountains and rivers and the shame of the homeland" to educate his son, saying: "With a woman who can write poetry, it is better than many generations!" Therefore, he did not want to punish Qiu Jin, so he took the pen and let Qiu Jin write it himself.
Qiu Jin took up his pen and wrote the seven words "Autumn Wind and Autumn Rain Sorrowful People" on the paper, and he was reluctant to write it down again.
When Guifu saw that Li Zhongyue was unwilling to use torture, he sent his own staff to torture him to extract a confession, but still found nothing. Because there was no direct evidence of Qiu Jin's participation in the armed uprising, it was difficult to convict Qiu Jin for a while, but Gui fu had the intention of killing, and while he asked people to fabricate Qiu Jin's confession, he called Zhang Zengyang, the governor of Zhejiang, and requested that Qiu Jin be executed immediately. Zhang Zengyang agreed to Guifu's request.
In the early morning of the 15th, the Qing army opened the gate of the Shanyin County Prison and prepared to escort Qiu Jin to the execution site, qiu Jin asked to meet with Li Zhongyue and made three demands to him: First, he was allowed to write a letter to say goodbye to his relatives; second, he did not strip off his clothes before the sentence; third, he did not show his head to the public after death. The first request was not agreed to because of lack of time, and the other two agreed.
On July 15, 1971, on the sixth day of the sixth lunar month, at four o'clock in the morning, Qiu Jin was righteous at the mouth of the Ancient Xuan Pavilion in Shaoxing.
After Qiu Jin became righteous, Xu Xiaotian, a teacher at Xu Zihuatuo Datong Academy, bribed the executioner to buy back Qiu Jin's body, buried her behind the "Zhang Shrine" in Wolong Mountain, Shaoxing Province, and relocated to Yanjiatan three months later.
Before Qiu Jin died, he once traveled with Xu Zihua to the West Lake, hanging Yue Fei's tomb, joking that if he died, he would be buried by the West Lake, Xu Zihua said that if Qiu Jin died first, he would bury her by the West Lake. Now that the joke has come true, Xu Zihua wants to fulfill his promise.
Knowing of Qiu Jin's death, Wu Zhiying wrote several articles, hanged Qiu Jin, and rushed to Shaoxing to bury Qiu Jin with Xu Zihua. In February 1908, with the efforts of the two men, Qiu Jin was finally moved to the West Lake.
Wu Zhiying wrote poems to mourn Qiu Jin
However, the Qing government still did not spare Qiu Jin and wanted to send people to destroy Qiu Jin's tomb, and Wu Xu and others had to move the tomb for Qiu Jin many times to prevent the Qing court from finding Qiu Jin's bones. This made the Qing government very angry and wanted to arrest Wu Xu and xu. When Wu Zhiying found out, she immediately stepped forward and wrote a letter to Duan Fang, the governor of Liangjiang, saying: "Zhiying is willing to deserve it and not to involve a single person in the academic circles." Under the pressure of public opinion at home and abroad, the Qing court finally did not dare to arrest Wu Zhiying and Xu Zihua.
Li Zhongyue of Shanyin County was deposed after Qiu Jin became righteous. He secretly took away Qiu Jin's handwriting "Autumn Wind and Autumn Rain Sorrowful" from the case file, and from time to time he took it out to watch, the more he looked at it, the more guilty he felt, and three months later, he hanged himself at home. When Wu Zhiying helped Qiu Jin repair the Shrine of the Lady of Jianhu Lake, he also offered Li Zhongyue's divine seat in the shrine and wrote: "Li Zhongyue, a native of Anqiu County, Shandong Province, has virtue in the Autumn Case. ”
Hu Daonan, who had reported Qiu Jin to Guifu, was assassinated by Qiu Jin's friend Wang Jinfa three years later.
A generation of heroines Qiu Jin, although the uprising was unsuccessful, but after igniting the revolution with her own death, this fire became a burning trend three years later, completely burning the decaying Qing Dynasty to ashes.
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