Trichomonas control

Trichomoniasis is a native parasite, their body is composed of a cell, invisible to the naked eye, pear-shaped, 10 to 30 μm long, the head has 4 hairs of the same length as the insect body, this trichomoniasis can be clearly seen under the microscope.

Trichomonas are very adaptable to different environments, can grow and reproduce under conditions of 25 °C ~ 42 °C, can survive for 21 days at low temperatures of 3 °C ~ 5 °C, can survive for 20 to 60 minutes at 46 °C, and can survive for several hours in semi-dry conditions after leaving the carrier pigeon body. Trichomonas parasites can live in an oxygen-deficient environment, the most suitable for the growth of trichomonas ph is 5.5 to 6, such as ph below 5 or 7.5 or more, the growth of trichomonas will be inhibited.

1. Clinical symptoms after trichomoniasis infection: sick pigeons are mentally weak, sluggish and unwilling to move, digestive disorders, diarrhea and weight loss, loss of appetite, increased drinking water, increased oral secretions and viscous, bulges can sometimes be seen outside the jaw, and hard objects the size of soybeans can be touched. Young birds are quickly emaciated, with fluffy and dull feathers and yellowish white droppings. Flushing and viscous discharge of the mucous membranes can be seen when the mouth is opened, and some pigeons have yellow flaky secretions in the mouth. Sick pigeons are breathless and have a slight "grunting" sound.

2. Autopsy pathological changes and lesions: mainly concentrated in the upper gastrointestinal tract, trichomoniasis mainly invades the mucosal surface layer of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus and sac, and sometimes the mucosal surface layer in the sinuses is also damaged. On the surface of the mucous membranes of each segment of the digestive tract, there are caseid lesions of different sizes with congestive bands around them, and most of them are contiguous. There is a layer of yellow cheese-like substance on the mucous membrane that can be peeled off, which accumulates in large quantities in the esophagus and sacs.

3. Laboratory test: Trichomonas test (microscopic examination): take the mucosal lesions or cheese-like substances of the oral cavity or the sac and directly smear it, add a small amount of normal saline microscopy for direct observation. Caterpillars can be seen swimming rapidly, pear-shaped, with four free flagellar hairs at the front of the body. There is a fluctuating membrane on the periphery. The insect body is transparent and clear, and traces of water fluctuations under the mirror can be seen when moving. The flagellar and internal organ structure of the insect body are not easy to observe with a conventional light microscope, and need to be phase contrast microscopy or special staining.

4. Prevention measures

4.1. Sick pigeons are selected, isolated, raised in groups, and for severely ill suckling pigeons whose mouth forms a false membrane, the cheese is gently scraped off and applied there with purple potion, iodine or 0.5% silver nitrate.

4.2. The whole group is given anti-trichomoniasis drugs, which can be treated with metronidazole or chloropyridine. At the same time, you can supplement vitamins and glucose in an appropriate amount. Drug residues and discontinuation periods should be considered when taking the drug.

4.3. Do a good job in cleaning and sanitizing the environment such as pigeon cages, sinks, material tanks, and ground. Trichomonas pigeons are very resistant to high temperatures and disinfectants, and can be disinfected by boiling the apparatus or treated with chemical disinfectants, 3% hydrogen peroxide for 5 minutes, 0.1% formalin for 1 minute, garlic solution for 50 seconds, disinfect 1-2 times a day.

4.4. Strengthen feeding management, because trichomoniasis is mainly caused by the consumption of contaminated feed and water, by strengthening the management of feed and water, the transmission route can be effectively cut off. Water and feed should be added in small quantities and many times. Dirty water and waste materials should not be discarded casually, but must be buried deep by high temperature or chemical disinfection treatment.