In the 1000s from the 1920s to the present, Mr. Xu Dishan's popularity in China is quite high, and it is not an exaggeration to use the term "well-known to women and children" - because since the 1920s and 1930s, Xu Dishan's prose, especially "Falling Peanuts", has been selected as teaching articles by various primary and secondary school language textbooks, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao and the mainland. However, the ordinary people's cognition of Xu Dishan is mostly limited to the author of the thunderous primary and secondary school language textbook "Falling Peanuts", as everyone knows, Mr. Xu Dishan knows astronomy and geography, can be described as a master of piano and chess calligraphy and painting, Bo Gu Tong, learning from Both China and the West, YaRu is integrated, Brahman tao is involved, and even can be said to be the only humanistic academic generalist in Modern and Contemporary Chinese history, a rare talented scholar who integrates simplicity and pioneerism in one furnace, at the same time, He is also one of the rare writers and cultural figures in the history of modern Chinese literature and the cultural history of Hong Kong in Taiwan who has not received personal attacks and bad reviews.
It is precisely because Mr. Xu Dishan's interests are very extensive, and almost all the works he wrote after in-depth study are the fine works in the field and fill in the gaps before the opening of the customs, so as some scholars said, choosing to study Xu Dishan means that the researcher has chosen to challenge his own knowledge reserve and cultural literacy, academic ability and level, which is extremely difficult, plus everyone often believes that a writer has a work that has been handed down to the world is enough to flow through the ages, so Mr. Xu Dishan in addition to "Falling Peanuts" Other glorious achievements other than this article are obscured by the dazzling light of "Falling Peanuts". This year (2021) marks the 80th anniversary of Mr. Jishan's death, and while we remember his great life and learn from his noble moral sentiments, we should also carry out the work of rediscovering and sorting out his cultural achievements, and calling on domestic and foreign countries to pay attention to and re-evaluate his important value in the history of modern Chinese culture.
Mr. Xu Dishan's knowledge is broad and profound, and to put it briefly, it can be summarized into the following categories.
First, the famous modern Chinese writer and the proposer of the spirit of "falling peanuts" - a high-visibility logo. As mentioned above, "Falling Peanuts" because of its clear and clear writing, rich philosophy of life, and the advocated concept of life in line with the mainstream values of our society, has not been intermittently included in various primary and secondary school textbooks for a hundred years, so often generations of Chinese people have printed the tall image of the writer "Falling Peanuts" in their minds since childhood, and this psychological impression engraved in the childhood period is precisely indelible for life, therefore, it can be said that the article "Falling Peanuts" and the philosophy of life expounded by it have become synonymous with Mr. Xu Dishan. It has also become a high-visibility logo for him as a famous modern Chinese writer.
Second, as a Taiwanese writer who has crossed the mainland, his contribution to the literature and culture of Taiwan and Hong Kong is one of the values that need to be valued and re-evaluated. Xu Dishan's patriotic ideology and nostalgia and indignation in his heart for Taiwan's homeland are in line with the spiritual indicators of his father Xu Nanyingjin's heart to resist Japan and defend Taiwan in the motherland. Xu Dishan once wrote a preface to "The Sorrow of the People of Taiwan" translated by Shan Chuanjun, who translated by Song Jiaonong, and the translator Song Jiaonong said in his preface, "Mr. Xu, who was a Chinese official in his lifetime and escaped from the Mouth of the Japanese Tiger at an early age, prefaced this pamphlet with the bloody tone of the old Taiwanese, the words are bloody, and the sentences are loud, and the translator, in addition to thanking Mr. Xu with twelve points of sincerity, hopes that readers must carefully taste the deep meaning of Mr. Xu's preface before they read this article!" On January 28, 1930, banana farmers met in Kyoto, Japan", which can also be seen from this, Mr. Xu Dishan's patriotic feelings of patriotism and love for his hometown can be described as touching. In 1935, after coming to Hong Kong, in addition to engaging in daily teaching work and literary creation activities, Xu Dishan also participated in many social welfare activities in the local cultural and educational circles, and contributed a lot to the budding and vigorous development of modern Hong Kong literature and culture.
3. One of the founders and members of the Literary Research Society - the second value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan is one of the initiators of the Literary Research Society, and also one of the founders of the famous "Novel Monthly", and compared with the creative purpose of the Literary Research Society's "Literature for Life", Xu Dishan's literary creation and cultural activities have this "for life" characteristics are clear and consistent, but most of the works of the Current Research Literary Research Society focus on Mao Dun, Zheng Zhenduo, Ye Shengtao, Bing Xin, Lao She and others. Instead, he ignored Xu Dishan, as one of the founding members, his important contributions to the Literary Research Society's adherence to his literary ideas, the establishment of the journal, and the promotion and support of literary newcomers and their related literary achievements.
Fourth, the master of religious studies, the author of the first history of Taoism - the third value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan, who studied in the seminary of the church school (Yenching University) and also worked in the church school (Yenching University), has a deep relationship with Christianity, and engaging in Christian studies should be part of his professional field. What went unnoticed in this area was that in 1921 he translated the "first Bible scroll entirely translated by Chinese" Chinese version of the Bible" "Song of Solomon", and his translation was widely used and disseminated in evangelical activities in the Chinese world. In addition, he had a strong academic interest in the religious categories of Buddhism, Taoism, and Manichaeism, and in the course of these religious studies, he inevitably carried out research on the related inming studies (logic), Sanskrit, and folk beliefs, including the Mazu faith. His "History of Taoism" is the first work on the history of Taoism in China, and he also wrote "Introduction to the Buddha's Tibetan Zimu", and in 1941, when he died, he was still working on the compilation of the Daozang work "Daozang Zimu Tongguan" and the compilation work had been completed and submitted, but unfortunately the manuscript was destroyed by the Japanese invasion.
V. Masters of Anthropology, Folklore, and Sociology – the fourth value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan's interests are staggering, the scope of his research has long exceeded the field of his religious studies, and these studies he has done can only be understood and dialogued within the scope of anthropology, such as his authors "Research on the Superstition of Fuji", the history of Chinese women's clothing, etc., the two seem to have nothing to do with each other, in terms of disciplinary affiliation, it seems to be incompatible, but if you look at these works from the perspective of the cultural anthropology that prevails today, You can understand Mr. Xu Dishan's outstanding academic ability and his far-sighted academic vision, and some of his research is not only at that time, but even in today's view, it is also ahead of its time. From the perspective of academic lineage genealogy, Mr. Xu Dishan's generational distinction in the field of Chinese, folklore and sociology is also extremely high. In the 1928-1929 academic year, Mr. Xu Shilian, then the head of the Department of Sociology of Yenching University, hired Professor Xu Dishan of the School of Religion of Yenching University to volunteer to teach courses for students of the Department of Sociology of Yenching University, and at this time, the master of anthropology Wu Wenzao also worked in the department as a teaching assistant. In addition, in the 1934-1935 academic year, Mr. Xu Dishan also opened a course on "History of Chinese Etiquette and Customs" in the Department of Sociology of Yenching University. During his studies at Oxford University, Xu Dishan collected historical materials of the Sino-British Opium War, and later integrated the book "Da Zhen Ji" and published it in China, providing important first-hand information for the study of the Opium War in China. And his original intention of trancribing these historical materials about the "Three Mountains Lifting People", most of the articles that can be seen at present vaguely collect Opium War materials with "as friends". So, who is this friend? Mr. Cha Wu Wenzao's doctoral dissertation was based on the history of the Opium War, the thesis was entitled "The Chinese Opium Problem In British Public Opinion and Action", and he received a doctorate from Columbia University in the United States in 1928. Xu Dishan and Bingxin had a teacher-student friendship at Yenching University, and the three of them also took the same ship (President Jackson) to study in the United States in 1923, and even Xu Dishan was the introducer of Wu Wenzao and Bingxin, with this close relationship between Xu Dishan and Wu Wenzao and Bingxin, it should be very likely that Wu Wenzao directly or indirectly asked Xu Dishan to find historical materials on Sino-British relations during the Opium War in Britain through Bingxin. However, why it seems that Xu Dishan and others mentioned this matter and did not directly say that they were looking for information for Wu Wenzao, but only "for friends" to find information, and whether Xu Dishan really found the opium war historical materials of Oxford University for Wu Wenzao, which needs to be further examined in the future. However, a group of disciples of Wu Wenzao, who graduated from the Sociology Department of Yenching University, such as Lin Yaohua and Fei Xiaotong, led a generation of Chinese sociological and anthropological research, as an anthropology teacher in the Department of Sociology of Yenching University, Xu Dishan should belong to one of the founders and pioneers of the genealogy of Chinese sociology and anthropological research, and the first generation of scholars of modern Chinese sociology.
Scholars of Oriental Literature (Indian Literature, Bengali Literature, etc.) – the fifth value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan worked as a secondary school teacher in Myanmar for many years, and his father Xu Nanying died of illness in Indonesia, and he also went to Indonesia in the 1930s to visit the grave of his father, so he has an in-depth understanding and investigation of the natural and social conditions in South and Southeast Asia. He is the author of the book "Indian Literature", and has translated the English book "Bengal Folk Tales" by Debohali (An Indian writer) into a Chinese published (1928), of which "Indian Literature" was evaluated by the famous Indian literature expert Mr. Ji Xianlin as "although the length is not much, but the book that talks about Indian literature in a relatively comprehensive way is probably the first in China", while the book "Bengal Folk Tales" was evaluated by Mr. Ji Xianlin as "a pioneering contribution to the introduction of Indian literature into China". His interpretation of Southeast Asian and South Asian literature based on his in-depth understanding of Southeast Asia and South Asia has also penetrated into his literary creations, such as "The Bird of Destiny"), "Spider with Webs", and "Merchant Woman", all of which have the shadow of oriental literature, and the exotic style of Southeast Asia and South Asia.
7. Scholars of Historical Studies – The sixth value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan is the author of historical research papers such as "Guan Zhi of the Great Zhongzheng Inscription Era", "Qing Dynasty Literary Examination System", "Cat Ride", and in 1936, he and the painter Xu Beihong visited the remains of the Chiwan Shaodi Mausoleum (Song Shaodi Emperor Mausoleum) in the Song Dynasty, and also published the article "Outline of Hong Kong Archaeology" in 1941, which can be said to be the first scholar to conduct research on Hong Kong history. He has also dabbled in the study of the Heaven and Earth Society, and his research on the history of National Essence and Sinology, the study of the history of Taoism, and the history of Chinese women's clothing can also be counted in the field of historical research, and these works show Mr. Xu Dishan's solid and profound research skills and interest in historical research. He also instructed Ye Guoqing, a history student at the Research Department of Yenching University, to write his master's thesis under the title of "Research on the Eighteen Caves of Pingmin", researching the popular novel "Eighteen Caves of Pingmin" in the late Ming Dynasty of Minnan, and suggesting that Ye Guoqing draw on the research methods of the British G.L. Gominse "Folklore as An Historical Science" - book, "illustrating the problem of historical evolution and story relationship". This made Ye Guoqing the second scholar after Lin Yutang to deeply and systematically study the Eighteen Caves of Pingmin, and his master's thesis "Research on the Eighteen Caves of Pingmin" was published in the Journal of Xiamen University in 1935.
Calligraphers, painters, and old-fashioned poets – the seventh value to be valued and re-evaluated. Xu Dishan has always been regarded as a writer of new vernacular literature, and the public knows very little about its old poetry and deep roots in old learning, and even some works are editing the "Catalogue of Xu Dishan's Works", which includes Xu Dishan's inscription for Zhao Shiming: "Xiao Kang Dream Awakening Datong Theory, Evolutionary Mechanism Xi Zhe Stop." It is a good young man who should work hard, and when he listens to the kai song "a poem, he especially notes that this is the only remaining old style poem of Mr. Xu Dishan. However, in recent years, the calligraphy and painting works of Xu Nanying and Xu Dishan's father and son have been widely discovered in Fujian and Guangdong, and these works of art show Xu Dishan's superb calligraphy and painting skills, artistic talents and excellent old-style poetry talents, such as the brush calligraphy sketches he wrote in 1932 (Nongshen Year) there are 4 poems in his old style, including "Lanzhi Xiu Tingshi Angzang, Bone Self-Rugged Pinnacle Self-Fragrance." The hero has many colors, and he specially writes a poem of "Youfang" in a plain pen, in which the phrase "bone from the rugged product is fragrant" is catchy, which is too eye-catching to recite, which is a good sentence.
Musicians, lyricists – eight values to be valued and re-evaluated. There are dozens of songs written or composed by Mr. Xu Dishan, of which several songs are composed by him and famous writers such as Ye Shaoluo and Zheng Zhenduo, such as "Zhuyin Alphabet Song" (Xu Dishan composed song and song), "Butterfly Song" (composed by Xu Dishan, composed by Ye Shaojun), "Seaside" (Xu Dishan composed by Xu Dishan, composed by Zheng Zhenduo), "White" (Composed by Xu Dishan, composed by Ye Shaojun), "Morning and Evening" (composed by Xu Dishan, translated by Zheng Zhen), "Breeze of Dawn" (composed by Zheng Zhenduo and Xu Dishan)", It is worth digging and sorting, teaching singing, and singing. This may be related to his experience as a primary school teacher and principal, in general, in China, music and art have long been the basic skills of secondary teachers and kindergarten students. Of course, piano, poetry, books, paintings, and chess are also the iconic qualities of traditional Chinese scholars, so his father, Xu Nanying, a Taiwanese scholar in the late Qing Dynasty, can also teach family learning. The above Mr. Xu Dishan's talents in fine arts and music can show that Mr. Xu Dishan is enough to call the artist's good name.
Translators – the ninth value to be valued and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan has translated the English Indian works "Bengal Folk Tales", "Twenty Nights Question", "The Bottom of the Sun" and other translations into Chinese published, and has also translated Sanskrit works, such as the cangyang Gyatso love song collection by the famous Tibetan poet Cangyang Gyatso in China. In 1931, Mr. Yu Daoquan wrote a preface to his "Cangyang Jia Wrong Love Song": "I would also like to thank Mr. Xu Dishan, a professor of Sanskrit at Yenching University. If it were not for Mr. Xu's encouragement, I would not have had the courage to make such a translation, and after the translation, Mr. Xu cut my Chinese translation again in a busy schedule. From Mr. Yu Daoquan's admiration for Mr. Xu Dishan's Sanskrit skills as a professional and authoritative Tibetan scholar, it can be seen that Mr. Xu Dishan has an important academic position in Tibetan studies and Sanskrit.
Educators – ten values to be valued and re-evaluated. After Mr. Xu Dishan was recommended by Mr. Hu Shi to take up the post of Dean of the Faculty of Letters of the University of Hong Kong, he carried out drastic curriculum reform and management system adjustments, and even did not hesitate to dismiss Su Ru, who had a former meritorious name, with the aim of establishing a scientific and democratic higher education teaching and management system that conforms to the laws of modern education and adapts to the trend of the world. It also proves the forward-looking and effective teaching reform carried out by Mr. Xu Dishan, and from this point of view, Mr. Xu Dishan also has excellent educational management skills. In addition, judging from the two (partial) works of "Falling Peanuts" and "Outline of Grammar and Grammar", Mr. Xu Dishan can be called an excellent ideological educator and language educator, not to mention that his teaching by example is by no means limited to these two (partial) works. In addition to his perception of the philosophy of life in works such as "Falling Peanuts", his influence on students is also a very important direct influence, that is, he has passed on his new and scientific academic research methods to many disciples, such as Professor Ye Guoqing of xiamen University, Professor Li Jingchi of South China Normal University, and Professor Jin Yingxi of Sun Yat-sen University. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, universities in Guangdong Province that moved to Hong Kong to run schools established student federations called the Federation of University Students, and "the work of the Federation of University Students was guided by Xu Dishan and others."
Patriots, Red Revolutionaries and Democracy Fighters – Eleven of the values to be taken seriously and re-evaluated. Mr. Xu Dishan was a direct participant in the May Fourth Movement parade and the cultural activities of the War of Resistance, and Ms. Zhou Qiansong, Mrs. Xu Dishan's wife, once recalled, "The great May Fourth Movement broke out. Jishan actively threw himself into it with patriotic enthusiasm. On May 4, he participated in a huge rally and parade, and participated in the burning of the Zhao Family Building. During the movement, I was elected as the student representative of several schools", "The first time I saw Xu Dishan was in the procession of the May Fourth Movement in 1919, and someone told me that it was Xu Dishan. Seeing him holding a banner, shouting slogans, fearlessly charging into the battlefield, and following the team to Dongjiaomin Lane. At that time, the military and police were densely packed inside and outside, and the representatives went to the embassy, but the foreigners refused to receive them. In anger, the crowd turned to the zhao family building of the traitor Cao Rulin's residence. During the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, he participated in the All-China Literary and Art Circles Anti-Enemy Association, served as a director and general affairs officer of the Hong Kong Branch, and actively collected donations for the Northern Anti-Japanese War troops during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. He also had a deep friendship with Red Revolutionaries such as Qu Qiubai and Yang Gang, and after learning that Qu Qiu was arrested in western Fujian, he tried to rescue him. In addition, Qu Qiubai's "Red Tide Song" was the first song in the history of the Communist Party of China specifically for workers and peasants, and Qu Qiubai's "Red Tide Song" composed by the Russian Revolution was published in the magazine "New Youth" in 1923, and was composed by another communist, Xu Dishan. "Red Tide" directly absorbs the expression of the "Internationale", such as trumpets, lightning and gunshots, which can quickly mobilize people's emotions and profoundly inspire people's confidence. This "Red Tide Song" was widely sung among the revolutionary youth and was known as China's "Internationale". From this point of view, Mr. Xu Dishan may be an underground member of the Communist Party of China, but this needs to be further examined and implemented. But in any case, it is an indisputable fact that he had close contacts and contacts with left-wing writers such as Qu Qiubai, Mao Dun, and Zheng Zhenyi, and it is not an exaggeration to call him a patriot, a red revolutionary, and a democracy fighter in terms of his direct participation in the May Fourth Movement parade, his assistance to the CPC members, his anti-imperialist resistance and anti-feudalism, his great contributions to Hong Kong's left-wing literature and art.
In addition to the above, Mr. Xu Dishan's inheritance of China's excellent traditional culture and Chinese traditional scholarship, his travels with many celebrities and social elites in modern and contemporary Chinese history, his status as an outstanding representative of Chinese students studying abroad, and his contribution to cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries are all worthy of attention and in-depth study.
The above is the outline of "Mr. Xu Dishan's Cultural and Academic Value Revaluation", please criticize and correct you, and others who have not been able to speak fully here, please also provide clues to me, allow me to add and improve them in another article. Thanks a lot. (The author of this article: Li Yilin, professor of the College of Literature of Fujian Normal University, authorized the original release of this number, if you need to reprint, please indicate the source.) ）
Li Yilin was ugly in Mid-Autumn in Fuzhou
![Xu Dishan: Falling peanuts[fig]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAP///wAAACwAAAAAAQABAAACAkQBADs=)