Jian Jian (317–355), courtesy name Jianye (苻罴), courtesy name Jianye (一作世建), was a member of the Linwei clan of Liuyang (氐阳林渭, in Gansu), the third son of Gong Hong, and the former Emperor of Qin during the Sixteen Kingdoms period.
In the sixth year of Yonghe (350), Gong Hong died, and Jian Jian succeeded his father to lead the people and successfully entered the pass, with the capital chang'an (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi). In the following year (351), he was proclaimed The Heavenly King, and established Former Qin, with the era name of Emperor Shi. In the eighth year of Yonghe (352), the emperor took the throne in the front hall of Taiji. Later, he repeatedly fought to conquer other Guannei forces that rebelled against Former Qin, and even defeated the Jin army of the Northern Expedition.
In the eleventh year of Yonghe (355), Jian Jian died, at the age of nine Chinese New Year's Eve, and was buried in the original tomb.
Jian Jian (苻健), originally known as 苻罴 , was renamed Jian Jian (苻健) because of the suspicion of Emperor Shi Hu's maternal grandfather Zhang Yi (張罴) by Emperor Shi Hu of Later Zhao. Jian Jian is the third son of Gong Hong, at the beginning, his mother Jiang Shi dreamed of seeing a big bear and became pregnant, and when he grew up, he was brave and courageous at riding and archery, good at giving alms, good at serving people, very close to Shi Hu's father and son, and successively served as a lieutenant of the Wing Military Academy and a general of the Zhen Army. Although Shi Hu was outwardly courteous to the Zhi clan, he was actually very jealous in his heart, so he secretly killed his brothers without harming Jian Jian. In the sixth year of Yonghe (350), Gong Hong died, and Jian Jian succeeded to the throne, revoking the title of King of Qin, and claiming the title of Grand General of Zhenxi, The Governor of Guanxi, and the Assassin of Yongzhou, who was appointed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and sent people to The Eastern Jin Dynasty to report the funeral, and obeyed the orders of the imperial court.
Jia Xuanshuo, the general of Jian Jian's military division, asked Ren Jian to serve as a servant, the governor of Guanzhong, Da Dan Yu, and the King of Qin, and Jian Jian said angrily, "The level of my official position is not something that you people can know. Soon after, he secretly sent someone to suggest that Jia Xuanshuo and others respected him as emperor. In the seventh year of Yonghe (351), he took the title of Heavenly King and Da Dan Yu, pardoned the death penalty criminals in the territory, the era name was Emperor Shi, the national name was Great Qin, the history was called Former Qin, and the Zongmiao Temple sheji was built, and hundred officials were set up in Chang'an. He made his wife Qiang the Empress of the Heavenly King, his son Cangchang the Crown Prince of the Heavenly King, his younger brother Gong Xiong the Prince of Heaven, the Governor of the Chinese and Foreign Militaries, the Great General of the Che Riding Army, and the Assassin of Lingyong Prefecture, and the others were awarded and appointed with different distinctions.
At first, when Du Hong fled, he summoned Sima Xun of the Eastern Jin Dynasty Liang Prefecture to assassinate Shi Sima Xun. By this time, Sima Xun had led 30,000 infantry and cavalry into Qinchuan, and Jian Jian had defeated him at Wuzhangyuan. In the eighth year of Yonghe (352), Jian Jian ascended the throne as emperor in the front hall of Taiji, and the princes ascended the throne and gave Da Dan Yu to his son Cang Cang.
In the tenth year of Yonghe (354), Huan Wen led an army of 40,000 men to Chang'an, sent his generals into Huaichuan, attacked Shangluo, captured Guo Jing of Jingzhou, and sent Sima Xun to capture the western frontier. Jian Jian sent his son Gong Chang (苻苻苌) to lead 50,000 troops such as Gong Xiong (苻雄) and Zhi Jing (苻菁) to resist Huan Wen at Yao Liu Cheng (尧柳城) and Sorrow Si Dui (愁思堆). Huan Wen turned to battle and was stationed on Bashang, and Cang Cang and other retired soldiers camped in the south of the city. Jian Jian led 6,000 weak troops to hold the small city of Chang'an, and sent an elite army of 30,000 people as a mobile combat force to resist Huan Wen. Most of the counties near Chang'an surrendered to Huanwen. Jian Jian also sent Gong Xiong to lead 7,000 cavalry to engage Huan Chong at Bailuyuan, where Huan Wen's army was defeated and Sima Xun was defeated at meridian valley. Originally, when Jian Jian heard that Huan Wen was coming to attack, he harvested the wheat in the field and waited for them to come, so Huan Wen's army was very short of food. By this time, more than 3,000 residents of Guanzhong had migrated back. When they reached Tongguan, they were defeated by Cangchang and others, and Sima Xun fled back to Hanzhong.
In the same year (354), Xi Yu begged the evil army to send his son into the service, so Jian Jian set up a hotel at Pingshuo Gate to cherish the people from afar. A spiritual platform was built in Dumen. With the common people about the three chapters of the law, Thin levy taxes and not build palaces, concentrate on political affairs, give preferential treatment to the elderly, advocate Confucianism, and Guan Right can be regarded as the opportunity to get revival and vitality.
At the beginning, when Huan Wen entered the pass, the crown prince OfFilm Jian fought with Huan Wen and was shot dead by a stray arrow, and by this time (355), his son Gong Sheng was made crown prince. On the sixth day of the first month of June of the same year, Jian Jian fell ill, and Xiang Jing led his troops into the Eastern Palace, wanting to kill Zhi Sheng and stand on his own. At this time, Zhisheng was waiting for Jian Jian's illness, and Gong Jing thought that Jian Jian was dead, and returned to attack DongyeMen. When Jian Jian heard of the rebellion, he boarded the Duanmen to set up a line of troops, and all of His men dropped their weapons and fled, grabbing Gong Jing and killing them.
On June 12, Jian Jian appointed Sima Da and Wudu Wang Gong'an as the governor of the Chinese and foreign militaries. On the fourteenth day, Jian Jian summoned Taishi Yuzun, Qixiang Lei Wei'er, Taifu Maogui, Sikong Wang, Shang Shu Ling Liang Leng, Left Servant Liang An, Right Servant Duan Chun, And Official Shangshu Xin Prison to accept the edict to assist the imperial government. Jian Jian said to Crown Prince Zhisheng, "If the Liuyi Chieftain general and the people who hold power among the ministers, if they do not obey your orders, they should gradually get rid of him."
On June 15, Jian Jian died at the age of nine Chinese New Year's Eve, a four-year reign. Emperor Ming, Temple, and Emperor Sejong, were buried in the original mausoleum. In the early years of Yongxing, the Former Qin Xuanzhao Emperor Jianjian, he changed his title to Emperor Jingming and the temple name Gaozu.