Huan Wen
First, Former Qin Jian attacked everywhere and laid a clear sky
In the first month of 351 AD, Jian Jian was the heavenly throne, the country name was Great Qin, and the capital was Chang'an. Start attacking everywhere:
To the northeast, Dehe Prefecture, Later Zhao and Zhou stabbed Shi Zhangping to surrender;
To the southwest, Wuzhangyuan (五張原, in modern Qishan, Baoji, Shaanxi) fought against Sima Xun of Liang Prefecture, with Sima Xun's 30,000 steps and cavalry repeatedly defeated, and had to retreat to Southern Zheng (南郑, in present-day Southern Zheng, Hanzhong, Shaanxi);
Due to the east, Yao Xiang was defeated, killing and scattering more than 30,000 soldiers; yao Xiang's Madu at Matian (马田; present-day Luoyang, Henan) was killed by an arrow and almost captured;
To the southeast, at the Battle of Jieqiao (present-day Xuchang, Henan), Xie Shang and Yao Xiang of the Eastern Jin Dynasty were defeated, killing 15,000 people.
To the northwest, he defeated Qianliang at Longli (present-day Baojilong County, Shaanxi), killing 12,000 men.
In Guannei, he beheaded Zhang Ju at Yiqiu (present-day Jingyang, Xianyang, Shaanxi), Kong Zhi at Chiyang (present-day Sanyuan, Xianyang, Shaanxi), and Liu Zhen and Xiahou Xian at Yan County (present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi), eliminating a large number of anti-Qin Wang clans in Guannei and further defending the capital Chang'an.
The Former Qin Empire, under the leadership of Jian Jian, walked on the prosperous and powerful Kangzhuang Avenue.
Second, the Eastern Jin Dynasty Huan Wen first northern expedition, directly pounded the Huanglong Chang'an City
In February 354, Huan Wen, a powerful minister of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, could not bear to look at it, and led an army of 40,000 to begin the first Northern Expedition. It also adopted the strategy of destroying the Chenghan Empire in the west, directly pounding the Yellow Dragon, the capital of the Former Qin Empire, Chang'an.
The main force set out from Jiangling (present-day Jingzhou, Hubei) to Xiangyang, took a boat up the Han River to Junkou (present-day Junxian County, Hubei), disembarked at Nanxiang Commandery (present-day shiyan, Hubei, and southwest of present-day Huaichuan, Henan); infantry and cavalry marched from Huaichuan (present-day Huaichuan, Henan) to Wuguan (present-day Shangluo Danfeng, Shaanxi).
At the same time, he ordered Sima Xun of LiangZhou, who was stationed in Hanzhong, to attack southwest of the Meridian Road; former Liangliang Qin Prefecture Assassin Shi Wang was promoted to attack Chen Cang (陳昌, in present-day Baoji, Shaanxi) to meet Huan Wen from the northwest.
Huan Wen's army Keshang Luo (present-day Shangluo, Shaanxi) and Xia Qingni (southeast of present-day Lantian, Shaanxi) came to the "Three Auxiliaries to Chong" Lantian;
Former Qin's 50,000-strong army was stationed at Yaoliu (峣柳, northwest of present-day Lantian, Shaanxi), and the crown princes Cangchang (苻苌苌雄), Huainan Wang Zhisheng (淮南王苻生), Pingchang (平昌王苻菁), and Beiping (北平王苻硕) came out of their nests.
On April 22, the Battle of Lantian began. Former Qin Huainan Wang Zhisheng was extremely brave and heroic. Single-handedly rushing into the enemy position, as if entering no man's land, going back and forth more than a dozen times, and winning a large number of Eastern Jin soldiers. Huan Wen saw that the situation was not right, personally went to the battlefield to supervise the battle, and encouraged the soldiers to fight hard, and the Former Qin army was defeated and retreated in the direction of Chang'an City. On Bailuyuan (白鹿原, in present-day Xi'an, Shaanxi, the southeastern barrier of Chang'an), Former Qin's chancellor Xiang Xiangxiong was again defeated.
On April 25, Huan Wen pursued all the way to Bashang.
Amassa
At this time, there were only 6,000 old, weak, sick and disabled in Chang'an City, and the Former Qin Emperor Jian Jian was in charge; the Former Qin army that had been defeated and retreated from Lantian was stationed in the south of Chang'an City, commanded by Crown Prince Cangchang; and the last 30,000 elite soldiers of the empire's strategic reserve were handed over to Sima Lei'er the Great to aid the south of the city.
All the counties in the Sanfu region surrendered. Huan Wen issued a notice to let them live as usual. The local people, scrambling to bring wine and meat, welcomed Huan Wen's army. Men and women watched from each other, and some elderly people shed tears of excitement, saying: "40 years later, I didn't expect to see the army of the Jin Dynasty again today, as if I was in a different world!" ”
Jian Jian
Third, Wang Meng of Jianjian made a shining appearance, and the Northern Expedition failed to go to Kwantung
The situation was very unfavorable to Former Qin, and Xue Zhen, the Taishou of Shunyang, persuaded Huan Wen to immediately enter Chang'an, and Huan Wen weighed that the current situation did not dare to advance and was in a state of stalemate. Xue Zhen led his army of soldiers and horses to cross the Bashui river alone, and was quite successful.
This also gave Former Qin a chance to breathe, and gradually stabilized his position. Cheng Xiangxiong led 7,000 cavalry and 7,000 cavalry to attack the Meridian Valley and defeat Sima Xun. Gong Xiong returned to the army to fight Huan Wen against Bailuyuan, killing more than 10,000 people in the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
Former Qin also adopted the policy of "clearing the wilderness with strong walls" and harvested all the wheat, leaving not a single grain. Huan Wen's military food was also in short supply and faced a dilemma. On the first day of June, Huan Wen decided to retreat. At this time, Xue Zhen returned with the booty, hippie smiles, showing off everywhere. Huan Wen was in a bad mood and clicked him. Low-key, important.
Huan Wen's retreating army had more than 3,000 residents of Guanzhong, and also 10,000 horses and horses related to the anti-Qin Wang clan Hu Yan poison, which affected the speed. The Former Qin army followed huan wen and killed all the way to Tongguan, killing tens of thousands of huanwen's horses.
Former Qin's chancellor XiangXiong attacked Sima Xun and Wang Xun at ChenCang, Sima Xun fled to Hanzhong (present-day Hanzhong, Shaanxi), and Wang Fled to Luoyang (present-day Luoyang, Shaanxi).
On June 24, former Qin chancellor XiangXiong (苻雄) fought at Fengxiang (present-day Fengxiang, Baoji, Shaanxi) and died suddenly. Gong Xiong's son Gong Jian inherited the title. Jian Jian, the absolute protagonist of "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms", shines.
When Huan Wen was stationed in Bashang, Wang Meng, a native of Beihai (present-day Shouguang, Shandong), went to visit him in coarse cloth clothes, touching lice and talking about the major events of the time, if there was no one around. Between questions and answers, Huan Wen admired him, but only temporarily appointed him as a military priest. When he retreated, he was appointed as a high-ranking official and wanted to return together, but Wang Meng resolutely resigned and refused to accept it. The first strategist of the "Five Hu and Sixteen Kingdoms" made a brilliant appearance.
Wang Meng
Fourth, the reason for the failure of Huan Wen's first Northern Expedition
I think there are three, first, Huan Wen's limited strength is not enough to strangle the Former Qin Empire in the ascendant period, which is the fundamental reason; second, deep into the enemy's territory, there is insufficient grain and grass, and it is impossible to support a long-term war, which is an objective reason; third, Huan Wen has just come to power in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the foundation is not very solid, and the troops will not be able to gain a foothold and cannot withstand a complete defeat. This is for subjective reasons.
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