In the nineteenth century, a rising star rose in the French poetry world, he was rebellious, brash, and debauched. Disobeying God's expectations, he left home many times since he was a child, and on the third occasion he ran away from home to join the Paris Commune movement.
Leonardo plays Rimbaud
This man is 17-year-old Rimbaud, who drinks, smokes marijuana, and is dressed in rags, and his behavior against normal thinking can be reflected in him. Mocking the middle class and cheering for the Franco-Prussian War and the rebellious ideas of the Paris Commune, he began writing poetry at the age of 14, a colorful world full of fantasy, mystery and the unknown.
When many people were still imprisoned by old-fashioned ideas and participated in poetry meetings full of hypocrisy, he dared to declare to God and threaten to kill God. Such a colorful teenager attracted a superficially old-fashioned married man, Verlaine.
Rimbaud
Verlaine's poems are known for their elegance and musicality. The appearance is rigid, but on the inside he is a "madman" who has lost his mind.
Verlaine was greedy for wine, and his talent came from wine and was destroyed by wine. He recklessly followed the Light, to follow Rimbaud, to follow Rimbaud to London. Under the act of madness, he did not have his wife in his heart, and he said that he loved his wife, but in fact he only loved her flesh and loved her youth.
His wife was only eighteen years old at the time of her pregnancy, and Verlaine was still with Rimbaud when the child was born. Whenever Verlaine came home from drinking, the drunken madness made him beat his pregnant wife violently, burn her hair with fire, and even hurt his newborn son.
It is ridiculous that since his marriage, Verlaine has lived in his father-in-law's home, and all this has wreaked havoc on his wife, and his father-in-law and mother-in-law are clear, and even his mother-in-law has watched her daughter be beaten, but she is not qualified to seek justice for her daughter, all because of the society and laws that have been complained about for a long time.
Verlaine and Rimbaud
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="01" > there is no equality between men and women in the Declaration of Human Rights</h1>
The Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Right of The Citizen, promulgated during the French Revolution in the eighteenth century, all of which had 17 powers, described human rights, freedoms, and property, but did not describe the rights of women alone, but the declaration on women's rights made by Marie Guz in 1791 was not adopted by Parliament.
In French history, women's status is equivalent to children, women are not productive, can only rely on men, even inferior to children, one day sons will grow into adults, the implementation of civil rights, but women do not.
Oil painting of the French Revolution
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="02" > law stipulates that the wife is an "appendage" of the husband</h1>
Men's power is supreme
Verlaine's wife's family was rich, and Verlaine lived with them, but at that time, in the face of Verlaine's violent beatings and moodiness, his wife's tolerance for Verlaine was more of a kind of obedience. Born on March 21, 1804, the Napoleonic Act gave men "absolute power", which was enacted after the Declaration of the Rights of Man, and even after the introduction of women's human rights.
Women have no economy
Although Verlaine lived on his wife's father, in fact, nineteenth-century French women had no inheritance rights to property. Family property must be managed and controlled by the husband, and there is no situation of "male outside and female inside". What's more, after the death of the husband, the wife's inheritance of the husband's property is the last, and the possibility of inheriting the property is very small. In effect, it is to deprive women of the right to own property. Because women do not have an independent personality, which is why there is no female power in the Declaration of Human Rights.
Declaration of Human Rights
If the child has not yet grown up and the woman still exercises the obligation to raise the child, the husband's property will be transferred to others during the husband's lifetime, and he will carry out the act on his behalf. If the husband is unable to exercise custody over his wife because of insanity, imprisonment or sentencing, the judge will act on his behalf and exercise husbandhood over the woman.
Inequality of infidelity between men and women
Most of Verlaine's domestic violence against his wife stemmed from alcohol. Verlaine loved wine and would often go to drink, and after he knew Rimbaud, he mostly followed Rimbaud and drank heavily. The woman's intuition made his wife realize that something was wrong with the two. After repeated beatings and her husband recklessly following Rimbaud abroad, the wife formally applied to the court for divorce on the grounds that ——。
When so, if the woman is unfaithful and cheats in the marriage, the woman will be directly sentenced to a correctional institution for a period ranging from three months to two years. Men, on the other hand, only need to pay a certain amount of francs to get out. Even if the other party's cheating behavior is to be exposed, the wife needs to apply for divorce when the husband brings the lover home, in a sense, if the husband does not bring the lover home, the wife can only endure although she knows. Conversely, a husband can apply for divorce if he finds out that his wife is committing adultery.
Before Verlaine had a relationship with Rimbaud, Verlaine admired Rimbaud's talent and brought Rimbaud into his home. At that time, the wife had already noticed that the relationship between the two was unusual, and when she consulted with Verlaine to let Rimbaud leave the house, she was beaten violently. After his father intervened to let Rimbaud go, Verlaine went to find Rimbaud and placed him in an attic, which also became a temporary residence for the two.
Later, the wife applied for divorce on the grounds that Verlaine had committed adultery with Rimbaud, but Verlaine still had the opportunity to seek a lawyer to appeal and did not agree to divorce his wife. The reason for this is that Rimbaud has a special gender, is male, and is different from the mistress he is looking for. Therefore, one of the reasons Why Verlaine refused to divorce was that he did not want to be sentenced to "sodomy" and go to jail.
Later, Weierlun was sentenced to two years in prison, not simply because of the exposure of the improper relationship with Rimbaud, but more because of The uncertainty of Verlaine himself, in order to leave Rimbaud, he accidentally hit Rimbaud's palm. Rimbaud sued Verlaine, and in court, the judge verified that Verlaine had had sex with a man within two months and agreed to his wife's appeal.
The law is harsh on women's marriages
The status of women in France in the nineteenth century was very similar to that of China's "from the father at home, from the family to the husband". Once a woman is married, she loses her identity in public, and her identity can only be expressed by her husband. For women, like servants, are tools, servants are tools for their masters, and women are tools for giving birth to children for men. The servant obeys the man, while the servant's wife obeys the servant. Therefore, the lowest men in society are not the lowest people, because even the lowest men can still bully their wives.
Stills from "The Eclipse of the Heart": Pictured is Rimbaud, Verlaine and his wife
The establishment of marriage reduces people's suicidal behavior to some extent, but this reduction can only reduce the number of suicides in one gender. There is no doubt that it is male. In his book Suicide, Durkheim, according to research data from the time, married men had less likely suicide than single men. Moreover, whether in society or in the law, the protection of men's interests is far greater than the protection of women.
In order to maintain the stability of the family and to safeguard the interests of men, legislators have a hostile attitude towards divorce. The Divorce Act was repealed in 1816 and was later discussed several times in Parliament, but it was rejected. The divorce law, which was reinstated in 1884, has a variety of complicated conditions for divorce. While decrees adopted during the French Revolution provided for seven grounds for divorce, the Napoleonic Civil Code reduced the number of them and retained three grounds: adultery, sentencing, and ill-treatment.
As mentioned earlier, Verlaine still had to reject his wife's divorce agreement, because of that
However, if the mother is in custody of the child, the child must be handed over to the father at the age of seven, even if he was previously guilty. That is to say, after Verlaine's divorce from his wife, although he spent two years in prison, when his son was seven years old, his ex-wife had to give the child to Verlaine to raise.
Feminist movement
<h1 class="pgc-h-decimal" data-index="03" > summary</h1>
The advancement of French women in society and marriage has gone through a long time. A great deal of time was spent completing the transformation of women who were completely incompetent to partially capable, and during the Second World War, many posts could not be filled by men, at which point women came to work and women's employment patterns changed, but in the area of matrimonial property, even when women went out to work, their salaries were managed by their husbands, which improved only after 1965.
Due to the inequality of the status of men and women in France for many years, the marriage rate in France has declined. Highly educated women are less likely to marry because they are more competitive with men and have a broader perspective.
bibliography:
The Biography of Verlaine
Declaration of Human Rights
The Evolution of the Status of Women in the French Institution of Marriage since the 19th Century