Zheng Wei
Mr. Zheng Zhang Shangfang, xiamen in 2001
One
Zheng Zhang Shangfang (1933-2018) is a well-known dialectologist and phonologist at home and abroad, and a representative of the older generation of scholars who have studied diligently and self-taught. In his lifetime, Mr. Zheng Zhang published five monographs (including one English work) and more than 200 papers. The earliest academic article is "A Hanyu Pinyin Scheme" (in Compilation of Hanyu Pinyin Character Schemes, Volume II, Chinese Character Reform Committee, 1955 edition), and the last monograph is "Rouge and Yanzhi - Selected Blogs of Zheng Zhang Shangfang" (Shanghai Education Publishing House, 2019 edition).
Mr. Zheng Zhang once said in the "Afterword" of "Ancient Phonology" (Shanghai Education Publishing House, first edition in 2003, second edition of the "Linguistic Classics Series" in 2019, page 633): "Wenzhou Library was formerly known as the famous Yongyuan Library, and the collection of new and old books is very rich, like Mr. Zhao Yuanren's "Research on Modern Wu Language" and Mr. Wang Li's "Chinese Phonology" (renamed "Chinese Phonetic Phonology" in 1957), where I read it in high school. Unfortunately, due to historical reasons, in 1954, I was unable to be admitted to the language discipline as I wished, so I had to take the opportunity to study geophysical exploration in Beijing to visit Mr. Yuan Jiahua, Wang Li, Li Rong, and other gentlemen who had been admiring for a long time, and asked the gentlemen to answer questions for my self-study fans. "The books of Mr. Zhao Yuanren and Wang Li are classic works in the field of dialectology and phonology, respectively, and Mr. Zheng Zhang in his youth has cultivated an interest in chinese and Chinese dialects, especially in dialect and phonology, through the study of these two books, and from the advantages of his native language, the two have been well combined. He said: "Wenzhou dialect retains a lot of ancient phonological characteristics, such as the difference between fish and yu in the mother of rhymes, the difference between Chung and Dongdong, the difference between branches and fats, the difference between the effect of the fourth grade, the song rhyme word many reading [-ai], the upper pronunciation of the tight throat, etc., in order to understand their origin, I have long been interested in ancient rhyme." "It is the academic interest and self-learning spirit cultivated in the early years that have become a good preparation for Mr. Zheng Zhang's future academic path."
Mr. Zheng Zhang's two commemorative articles, "The Sea Embraces the Water, and the Mountain Cause Will Always Climb and Climb: Remembering Mr. Wang Li's Tall Demeanor" ("Collected Essays commemorating the Centenary of Mr. Wang Li's Birth", Chinese Publishing House, 2002 edition, pp. 152-156) and "Deeply Grateful to Mr. Lü Shuxiang" ("Zhong Chinese xinwen", No. 6, 2004, p. 574), are vivid records of his attitude of "turning to a teacher who is a teacher". In the 1960s and 1970s, under the condition of extreme lack of material conditions, Mr. Lü Shuxiang not only purchased and donated gao Benhan's "Chinese Phonology Research" (1915-1926 French edition, Commercial Press 1940 edition) and "Han Wendian" (first edition in 1940, revised edition in 1957, also translated as "Chinese Philology", "Chinese and Japanese Chinese Character Morphological and Sound Theory"), Dong Tonggong's "Ancient Phonological Table Draft" (1944) and other essential reference books for ancient phonetic studies, but also regularly sent living subsidies. to support Mr. Zheng Zhang's academic research. Mr. Lü had long presided over the editing of "Chinese Chinese Wen", and with the guidance and help of him and Mr. Li Rong, the first and second issues of the journal published two papers in 1964, Mr. Zheng Zhang's "Wenzhou Phonology" (60,000 words, the manuscript fee was 594 yuan) and "The Continuous Reading and Transposition of Wenzhou Dialect" (75,000 words, the manuscript fee was 650 yuan). What did this add up to nearly 1,200 yuan in manuscript fees mean at the time? In a letter from May to June 1964 to his fourth sister Zhang Chonghe, Mr. Zhang Zonghe mentioned that the eggs at that time were seven cents and seven cents a pound, and the duck eggs were five cents a pound ("A Song of Micro--Chonghe Zonghe Tan Yilu", Guangxi Normal University Press, 2016 edition, pp. 346, 354). Mr. Xing Fuyi said in his father's letter in August 1964 that the monthly wages of the couple at that time added up to one hundred and twenty-five yuan (Xing Fuyi's "Letter to the Father's Family", The Commercial Press, 2018 edition, page 133). It is conceivable that Mr. Zheng Zhang's pen fee is considerable. Mr. Lü wrote to Mr. Zheng Zhang on December 12, 1963: (The original letter from Mr. Zheng Zhang's brother Zheng Renzhao, associate researcher of the Institute of Philosophy of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences)
The December 7 letter has been received. Academic work was originally a bit like embroidery, and it was in a hurry. Fortunately, you have written the voice chapter, and Mr. Li (Rong) and I have studied it, and as long as Mr. Li has polished it a little, it can be published. After publication, you can get a fee to maintain a period of life, and the second chapter can be completed again. Step by step, as long as it is used sparingly, it will not be a big problem. As for my ten dollars a month, I can go on until you don't need it at all. It doesn't matter to me much, rest assured.
Is the old lady's health better? Special attention is required in winter. Are you still teaching night school? Does the library still work at the same time? It is better to do only one and quit one. ......
Please send the manuscript of the second half of the speech chapter quickly.
Before the voice stamp is published, you will have months of financial difficulties, and I am ready to send you twenty dollars a month.
What books are needed and not needed?
Mr. Lu Shuxiang sent a letter to Mr. Zheng Zhang Shangfang
In this short letter, Mr. Lu not only guided Mr. Zheng Zhang's writing of the Wenzhou dialect paper, expressed concern for Mr. Zheng Zhang's family and his health, but also proposed to send Mr. Zheng Zhang a monthly living allowance. It's a really warm and touching read.
Because Mr. Zheng Zhang published important achievements in the study of Wenzhou dialect, he was recruited by the Zhejiang Provincial Dialect Survey Team of the former Hangzhou University to participate in the dialect survey work in the province. According to Fu Guotong and Zheng Zhangshangfang, "Introduction to the Linguistic History of Zhejiang Province" (Zhejiang People's Publishing House, 2015 edition, p. 7): "From 1964 to June 1966, this was the most important survey: from asking for instructions to rebuild the dialect survey team, deploying personnel, formulating plans, and even going to various counties and cities to conduct 'field' surveys... All of them are famous linguists Mr. Li Rong who have come to Hangzhou many times to guide and plan in person. The investigators this time were Fu Guotong, Fang Songxi, Cai Yongfei, Bao Shijie (soon transferred), and Zheng Zhang Shangfang, all of whom had experience in dialect investigation, and four of them came out of the Beijing phonetic research class. After a two-year field survey, a total of seventy-two dialect points were investigated and recorded phonetic, lexical and grammatical material. Each dialect point contains a system of phonological tones, a polyphonic inflection rule, a homophone vocabulary (more than 3,700 words), 396 or 1,302 words, and 84 or 180 grammatical example sentences. According to the follow-up plan, the dialects of each location were first compiled into a book, and then a comprehensive study was carried out, and the "Zhejiang Dialect Overview" was compiled and published before 1968. ...... On June 23, 1966, the dialect investigation team broke up and took a group photo. ”
In June 1977, ending the era of "Wan Ma Qi Jie", the Wenzhou Regional Writing Group of the Hanyu Da Dictionary (hereinafter referred to as "Han Da") began to be established, and in May of the following year, Chen Mingde, deputy director of the Propaganda Department of the Wenzhou Prefectural Committee, convened a meeting of all the staff of the Wenzhou Regional Writing Group of the Han University. After organizational research and decision, Xu Shunping was appointed as the main person in charge and head of the party group, and there were about fifteen writers, including Mr. Zheng Zhang. In the spring of 1979, the editorial board of Handa in Zhejiang Province prepared to abolish the lexicography writing groups in various regions according to the plans and arrangements for lexicography compilation. In order to retain these professionals, Xu Shunping reported to his superiors for instructions, hoping to retain the Wenzhou writing group until the official publication of "Handa", fortunately obtaining the consent of the superior organization. In terms of administrative establishment, at that time, the writing group was attached to the Wenzhou Normal Institute, and the Propaganda Department of the Prefectural Party Committee was transferred to the direct leadership of the Party Committee of the school, and specific support was given to office space, library materials, professional title promotion, salary and treatment.
Manuscript by Mr. Zheng Zhang Shangfang
In 1980, Mr. Zheng Zhang submitted his papers to the Associate Researcher Examination of the Institute of Linguistics of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences with papers such as "The Phenomenon of [ʨ] Vowel Shedding in the Southwest Zhejiang Dialect" (later published in "Comparative Studies of Wu and Min Languages" [Comparative Studies series of Southeast Chinese Dialects, Series I], Shanghai Education Publishing House, 1995 edition, pp. 50-74). On October 29 of that year, the writing team of Wenzhou "Handa" gathered at Jiangxinyu Island to send Mr. Zheng Zhang to Beijing for a post. Mr. Xu Shunping made a vivid record of this:
Zheng Zhang Shangfang, a Wenzhou Yongqiang, aspired to study Wenzhou dialect and ancient phonology when he was a student in high school. Zeng was unemployed, and before coming to this dictionary group, he was a worker in Wenzhou Fishery Machinery Factory. After the "Third Plenary Session" of the Central Committee, it began to attach importance to intellectual talents, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (citation: should be the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) broke the ground to the whole country to openly recruit assistant researchers, associate researchers, etc., Zhejiang Province referred to more than sixty people, was admitted sixteen people, but as an associate researcher was admitted only Zheng Zhang Shangfang, which is a special honor. ...... He is hard-working, very frugal, has a meager income for books, takes pleasure in diligence, and takes pleasure in suffering. In 1979, I went with him to the province to attend the "Hanyu Da Dictionary" writing work conference, lived in the provincial publishing bureau guest house, he lived in the room on the first floor by the corridor, after midnight always turned on the light and read a book, I urged him to sleep, he always said: "It doesn't matter, I just need to sleep for three or four hours, such as dizziness, rinse the cold water is good." "He has been like this for thirty years, and his achievements are inseparable from his diligence and amazing perseverance. (Xu Shunping, Traces of Time, pp. 332-333)
On July 6, 1982, the famous linguist and former Professor Guo Zaiyi of Hangzhou University wrote to Mr. Zheng Zhang, saying: "Brother's phonology research has achieved excellence,...... With the rich years of the brother's talents and perseverance, the future achievements can be imagined. (Guo Zaiyi Anthology, vol. 4, Zhonghua Bookstore, 2002, p. 267) Professor Zhou Liuxi of Beijing Normal University has a poem "Tuning Zheng Zhang Shangfangjun" on December 31, 1995, which also expresses his affirmation of Mr. Zheng Zhang's academic achievements. Shi Yun: "The hero of the world, Jun and Cao, Zu Sheng first wrote a certain Tibetan." Concentrate on Zhou Yuanyun and don't let Yang Ru I also be proud. (Liuxi Poems, Hong Kong: Chinese Publishing House, 2001, p. 72)
At this point, it is reminiscent of the famous paleographer Professor Qiu Xigui, who is also "racing against time", "He gets up every morning, pulls the spring, exercises; listens to the news broadcast for half an hour, reads the newspaper, and reads books." At this point of eating, he was reluctant to delay. There were sometimes power outages in the building, so he ran to the corridor with a book in his hand and looked at the dim light. If you sleep well the first night, you won't sleep at noon the next day; if you sleep longer at noon, you will work late at night. (JunZheng, "Perseverance and Perseverance, Jin Shi Ke Skeletonization -- Associate Professor Qiu Xigui, An Expert in Remembering Ancient Characters", edited by Jiang Rong and Qiao Mo, "How to Learn Language and Literature", China Youth Publishing House, 1983 edition, p. 147) Just as the so-called "timely encouragement, the years do not treat people" and "do not be lazy to the time", the scene of the previous generations of scholars who cherished time and diligence jumped on the paper.
In August 1992, "Zhejiang Dialect Words", completed by the then Zhejiang Provincial Dialect Investigation Group, was published as an internal journal of the Zhejiang Provincial Linguistic Society. The book includes a comparative table of two hundred words in sixty-nine counties and cities in Zhejiang. This batch of materials is only part of the work of the dialect survey team in the 1950s and 1960s (before that, the book "Zhejiang Wu Language Division" was published in 1985 under the name of the Editorial Board of the Zhejiang Provincial Linguistic Society and the Dialect Office of the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education). According to the "Zhejiang Dialect Survey Data Table" appendix to the book, Mr. Zheng Zhang presided over or participated in the investigation points longquan, Qingyuan, Qingtian, Lishui, Wenzhou, Yongjia, Pingyang, Wencheng, Taishun, Yueqing, Ruian, Tiantai, Sanmen, Lin'an, Changhua, Haiyan, Ninghai, Jinyun and so on. At the end of the book, there is a frame of a group photo of several authors "scattered gangs".
Two
Professor Mei Zulin of Cornell University in the United States once said: "There are very wonderful Chinese studies in China, such as Qiu Xigui's oracle bone jinwen, Zhu Dexi's modern grammar, Zheng Zhang Shangfang's Wu language, Cao Guangshun's late Tang Dynasty five-dynasty grammar, Zhang Min's repeated questioning of the diachronic and dialect research, Zhou Zumo's study of the rhyme department of the two Han Dynasties, Wei and Jin, and the Southern and Northern Dynasties, and so on. The research of these scholars is to seek truth from facts and to combine theory with facts. Reading their works, I don't think they are using the theories of any foreign school, as if this is the case. But between the lines of their 'narrative' of facts, they do contain theoretical principles. To accept their account of the facts is to accept their theory. (Shi Feng and Sun Chaofen, "Visiting Professor Mei Zulin", "Chinese Studies Overseas", Beijing Language and Culture Institute Press, 1995 edition, pp. 158-159) Respecting language facts and pursuing academic innovation are the embodiment of the excellent study style of the older generation of scholars, including Mr. Zheng Zhang.
Professor You Rujie of the Department of Chinese of Fudan University recalled that in the 1960s, his research interest shifted from classical literature to linguistics, and when talking about the reasons for the transfer of interest, Mr. You specifically mentioned, "Second, I became acquainted with my fellow villager Zheng Zhang Shangfang, and often listened to him talk about the wenzhou dialect, which caused me to yearn for linguistics" ("You Rujie Self-Selected Collections, Self-Introduction", Guangxi Normal University Press, 1999 edition, page 1). Mr. You and Mr. Zheng Zhang, who is eight years older than him, are not only fellow villagers, peers, but also peers. It can be seen that Mr. Zheng Zhang can be said to be Mr. You's "academic leader".
In 1984, the "Symposium on the Work of Wu Language Partitioning" sponsored by the Language Institute of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences held its second meeting in Wuxi (the first time was held in Hangzhou in 1983), Professor You Rujie proposed the "internal multi-division method" of Wu language partitioning, and put forward the zoning proposals of Taihu Film, Taizhou Film, Wenzhou Film, Wuzhou Film, and Liqu Film, which was not only accepted by the participating experts of the Wuxi Conference, but also became a reliable program generally used by scholars in later generations ("Self-Selected Collection of Famous Middle-Aged Linguists, You Rujie Volume"). Anhui Education Publishing House, 2003, 26 pp. In 1987, the "Atlas of Chinese Chinese Dialects" was added to Xuanzhou films. Most of the work in the field investigation and research of the Wu language in this film was completed by Mr. Zheng Zhang, who works in the dialect room of the Institute of Languages of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, for several years. In addition to the papers that have been published in dialect magazine and the Atlas of Chinese Chinese Dialects, Mr. Zheng Zhang has also written unpublished investigation reports such as "Dialect Strategy of Southern Anhui Province" and "Southern Anhui Dialect Forced to Send Air and Sound Mother", as well as special book chapters such as "Shitai County Zhi Fang Dialect Chronicle" (Huangshan Book Club, 1991 edition), "Xuancheng County Dialect History" (Fangzhi Publishing House, 1996 edition), totaling hundreds of thousands of words.
It is worth mentioning that in September 1987, the fourth annual meeting of the National Chinese Dialect Society was held in Hangzhou and Zhoushan, Zhejiang. Wen Duanzheng, Zheng Zhang Shangfang, Yan Yiming, You Rujie, pan Wuyun, five Wenzhou linguists in their prime years took a group photo at Putuo Mountain, which can be called a good story in the history of Chinese and Chinese dialects. Today, Mr. Wen Duanzheng and Mr. Zheng Zhang Shangfang have returned to Daoshan, and Professor Yan Yiming, who has been teaching in the Department of Modern Chinese of the department of Chinese of East China Normal University for a long time since 1956, also made an ancient work in June last year. The teachers withered away, and the thoughts were uncertain.
From left: You Rujie, Wen Duanzheng, Zheng Zhang Shangfang, Yan Yiming, Pan Wuyun
Although the exchange between peers can increase insight, the reciprocal theory between seniors and juniors is the embodiment of academic equality. Mr. Wang Li's article "The Rhyme And Mother System of Ancient Chinese" was first published in July 1937 in the Journal of Tsinghua, Vol. 12, No. 3, and later compiled into his book "Collected Papers on the History of the Chinese Language" (Science Press, 1958 edition). At the end of the article, Mr. Dong Tonggong's discussion of the problem of the ancient lipid differential division is also attached. Mr. Wang said in the article "PosthumousLy" (see the book, p. 151): "Because the Manuscript of the History of the Chinese Language has been changed three times, it cannot be said that it will not be changed in the future. However, one thing is certain, that is the lipid micropartition. Dong Tonggong's "Ancient Phonological Table Draft" has a section on the problem of lipid microsection, which clarifies, supplements, and corrects my lipid microcredit. Appendices are appended below and for reference. July 21, 1956. From 1932 to 1936, Mr. Dong Tonggong studied in the Department of Chinese Literature at Tsinghua University, and he was "the most influenced by Professor Wang Li when he was a student, who was still in his prime and was one of the pioneers of modern Chinese linguistics." (Xu Gaoruan, "A Short Biography of Mr. Dong Tonggong", Proceedings of the Institute of History and Linguistics, 1965, 36th) Students corrected their teacher's academic views, and instead of thinking that they were ashamed, their teachers could humbly accept it and put it into their own works. This is the performance of Mr. Wang Li as an academic master.
The academic engagement between Wang Li and Zheng Zhang also arose from the discussion of the construction of ancient sounds. In 1961, Mr. Zheng Zhang was still a young man under thirty years old and prosperous, and in May of that year, he completed the manuscript "The Book of Discussion on the Phonetic Part of the Chinese History Manuscript", and in order not to be presumptuous, he first sent it to Professor Yuan Jiahua of Peking University, asked Mr. Yuan for advice, and after receiving Mr. Yuan's affirmation, asked Mr. Yuan to forward it to Mr. Wang Li for review. Unexpectedly, Mr. Wang Li enthusiastically encouraged in his reply letter, and the specific opinions were "The proposal of 'Songbu plus [-i] tail' is in line with his recent ideas, and Yu Sijie [ð-] is also 'novel and gratifying'" Yunyun (Zheng Zhang Shangfang, "The Origin of the Sound Mother of Qie Rhyme [j-] and [-i] Rhyme", "Collected Essays commemorating the Ninetieth Birthday of Mr. Wang Li", Shandong Education Publishing House, 1991 edition, page 161).
The problem of the phonetic value of the four vowels in the ancient sound stage of the Middle Ages is one of the most important issues in the history of Chinese paleophonology. It not only involves other related simple vowels (such as rulai mother, evil mother, etc.), but also has a close relationship with the specific performance of compound consonant vowels and prepositions under different conditions (such as second-class characters, heavy button third-class characters, fourth-class characters). Mr. Wang Li and Mr. Zheng Zhang have been paying attention to this issue for 20 years from the 1960s to the 1980s. Mr. Wang wrote to Mr. Zheng Zhang on June 12, 1982: "Regarding the construction of Yu Si, in the past, I proposed it as [d-] according to Gao Benhan, but later I felt that it was inappropriate (also from systematic considerations), so I changed it to [j-] in the Homology Dictionary, but at the same time stated that this is only an algebraic phonetic transcription, and the actual phonetic value has not been studied. When I talked about the history of phonetics the year before, I decided to change it to [ʎ-], and explained that it was [ʎ-] in the same part as [ȡ-], which coincided with your configuration. ”
Mr. Wang Li sent a letter to Mr. Zheng Zhang Shangfang
From mr. Wang Li's "Chinese History Manuscript" (Science Press, 1957 edition) [d-], to the "Homologous Dictionary" (Beijing: Commercial Press, 1982 edition) [j-] to the "History of Chinese Phonetics" (Beijing: China Social Sciences Press, 1985 edition), on the surface it seems to be just a change in phonetic symbols, but in fact, the change of the views of the two gentlemen from constructing quasi-stops to erasing sounds, to non-erased tones (or near sounds) is exactly the middle Chinese linguists" Behind closed doors", it is precisely the performance of "going out and going out" in the European and American Sinology circles in the same period. Because from the Canadian Edward pulleyblank to the Soviet Yakhontov (s. e. Yakontov), and then to the United States Axel Schuessler, Mei Zulin, etc., also have roughly the same view of the development. This also corresponds to Mr. Hu Shi's famous saying, "Fear of what truth is infinite, and there is an inch of joy in one inch."
Three
Recall that shortly after the death of Mr. Zheng Zhang in May 2018, the Chinese and Western Bookstore proposed to edit and publish the "Intensive Reading of Chinese and Western Academic Masterpieces • Zheng Zhang Shangfang Volume" (hereinafter referred to as "Intensive Reading") to commend Mr. Zheng Zhang's achievements in the diligent study of phonology. As the "Publication Notes" of the series put it, "The academic way, back and forth, is endless. On the basis of the research of the predecessors, the latecomers will increase their efforts and open and renew." Mr. Zheng Zhang's academic contributions not only lie in the beneficial influence on the contemporaries of scholars, but also in the enlightenment and teaching of future generations of students. The space of this "Intensive Reading" is limited, it is impossible to cover all aspects, only to select Mr. Zheng Zhang's representative papers in the three aspects of ancient sound, modern sound, and philology, first list the original text, and then read it in detail, the original intention is nothing more than to "reveal" the "background of the text, the research theory, academic contributions and subsequent development, and even the layout of the article". As for Mr. Zheng Zhang's important writings in the fields of medieval pronunciation, language comparison, literature examination, dialect investigation and description, phonemic analysis, and hierarchical analysis, "Intensive Reading" can only be skipped. Our short article also mainly revolves around Mr. Zheng Zhang's intellectual process in the study of dialectology, and it is inevitable to hang on to every omission. Achievements in phonology are more involved in the texts and readings of "Intensive Reading" and will not be described in detail here.
"Tonghua Wanli Danshan Road, Young Fengqing in the old phoenix sound", academic emphasis on inheritance, expensive in innovation. The two complement each other and cannot be abandoned. When talking about the experience of self-study, Mr. Zheng Zhang summed up four points, one must have a high starting point, the second must have vision, the third must have the guidance of teachers, and the fourth is to learn from the strengths of others and break the view of the portal (Language and Writing Weekly, December 3, 2003). Mr. Zheng Zhang wrote affectionately about his early reading life in the article "Remembering Me and the Library": "I will always remember the sweet impression of reading with the sound of cicadas reading with a good book just borrowed in the quiet garden on the shore of the Nine Lakes Mountain, sitting on the level of the small river outside the Door of the Moon Cave, under the shade of the trees, reading with the sound of cicadas. It was then that the library, a treasure trove of knowledge, had been seductively opened to me. ("Fangxin of The Garden- A Collection of Essays on the Centenary Celebration of Wenzhou Library", Shanghai Bookstore Publishing House, 2019 edition, page 161) Today's conditions for studying are very different from those of Mr. Zheng Zhang's youth before. We may wish to use this as a common encouragement, study diligently, spread the fire to the salary, do not seek to be heard, and live up to Shaohua.
Editor-in-Charge: Huang Xiaofeng
Proofreader: Liu Wei