□ Li Ran
Found the Wufeng Building on the Internet, the picture on the post is not clear enough, thinking that it is a pseudo-ancient building built for the purpose of tourism. In a small mountain village, how can there be such a high-standard, high-grade ancient building?
Immediately met up with a few friends, with the doubts in their hearts, they drove to the Southern Song Dynasty Village together. After running a few kilometers on the road, a "golden and brilliant" "ancient building" appeared on the side of the road, as if it had come to the Forbidden City in Beijing. Except for the Forbidden City in Beijing, you will never see such a large area of yellow glazed tiles anywhere, dressing up half of the mountain like a layer of gold.
One of the two-eaves domed buildings turns out to be Beijing's famous Prayer Hall for the New Year. This is where the Wufeng Tower is located? Fortunately, there is still a distance to the Southern Song Dynasty Village, which makes me breathe a sigh of relief. The so-called ancient construction refers to the building before the Qing Dynasty, the architecture at that time was to strictly abide by the regulations, the yellow glazed tiles were only available to the imperial palace, and the individual buildings of the high-level and closely related palace temples could partially use the yellow glazed tiles, even if Guan Yu was crowned emperor, he had reached a high position of equality with the emperor, but the Guandi temple also mostly used green glazed tiles, and rarely used yellow tiles.
Wufenglou is located in the Southern Song Dynasty Village in Shangdang District, Changzhi City, Shanxi, and Wufenglou is the symbol and pride of this village. But in fact, Wufenglou is only the mountain gate of this luxurious ancient building in the southern Song Dynasty village, and every ancient building of this Jade Emperor Temple is a fine product, which can be called an ancient construction model project, and their exquisite can be called "this construction should only be in the sky, and the world can see it several times." But the Wufeng Tower is the essence of this architectural masterpiece, so no matter how gorgeous you describe it, it is not too much.
The main entrance with high cornices
The front view of the Five Phoenix Tower has five floors, up to more than 20 meters, layers of angled cornices, graceful and colorful, from any angle it is a beautiful phoenix that wants to fly, the snout is its head, the corner cornice is its wing, the glass trim, the roof ridge is its emerald green feathers.
From the side, the Five Phoenix Tower has become a fourth floor, and why the fifth floor is missing is unknown.
Gold, silver, jade, color, jade five phoenix clay sculpture
From the inside, the Wufeng Building has only two floors, one floor above which is a moi and the other is a second floor. Up to the second floor, there are five beautiful women in clay sculptures, which are said to be the five daughters of the Jade Emperor, named Jin, Silver, Jade, Cai, and Cui Wufeng. However, Wufenglou is not a monument to Wufeng, but originates from the "architectural French style" of the Northern Song Dynasty, Wufenglou is an architectural style, its main feature is that the roof contour line of the building is not a straight line, but a curve that spreads like a bird's wing, which is commonly known in architecture as wing angle.
People look at it from the front, back, left and right five directions, it is like a phoenix spreading its wings, so it is called this kind of building the Five Phoenix Tower. WufengLou was originally a special architectural style for the imperial palace, and was not allowed to be used by the people, until the Ming and Qing dynasties were relaxed, and were used by Huipai buildings, but generally limited to the construction of ancestral halls, which were used as the ceremonial doors of the ancestral halls, and general civil buildings still did not dare to make more and more times.
There are also eight algae wells in the Wufeng Building, with exquisite structures. Moi is not only to fill the useless space of the roof beams, but also for aesthetics, it is also a high-specification building structure that does not allow private use. It is said that there are only three towers in the world of the intricate and tall Wufeng Tower with such a complex structure. The remaining two are Beijing in China and Tokyo in Japan. As for the general Wufeng Building, there are only more than a dozen in the country.
According to the literature, the Wufeng Tower was built in the Yuan Dynasty and was repaired four times during the Wanli dynasty of the Ming Dynasty, qianlong, Jiaqing and Tongzhi in the Qing Dynasty. Behind the forehead on the second floor of the Wufeng Building and behind the large plate door on the ground floor, there are inscriptions and inscriptions rebuilt during the Qianlong and Jiaqing years of the Qing Dynasty, especially the inscription on the back of the mountain gate "Qianlong Thirty-eight Years of General Deputy Appointment" is Yang carving, that is to say, the ancients made these two mountain gates after carving words with 15 centimeters thick solid wood Yang, which is rare, precious and breathtaking.
The offering pavilion is the place where offerings are placed during the sacrifice to hold the worship ceremony, in addition to the Wufeng Building, it is also one of the classic buildings of the Jade Emperor Temple.
The pavilion is square, supported by four thick carved dragon stone pillars, the stone pillars are angled and octagonal, the stone pillars are carved on all sides, engraved with dragons, phoenixes, curly grass, flowers and other patterns, the lines are simple, the techniques are refined, and the pattern is exquisite and delicate, comparable to the eight prisms of the Confucius Temple in Qufu. The roof algae wells formed in the Jin Dynasty are all made of mortise and mortise structures, in the shape of a golden bell, and the bucket arches are stacked on top of each other to support the roof load, which is both solemn and elegant, but also does not lose the exquisite effect. And such a magnificent and vast building, its east-facing beam is partially used to break the beam, what is the reason for this?
From the scene, the girder is deliberately cut off by a complete and thick giant wood, and the section is not a one-line section, but a section that takes an l-shaped overlap and coincide, obviously not because the beam is not long enough and connected to a section, so why is the good beam artificially truncated and then connected to use? Truth is a difficult mystery that will never be answered. Based on the above points, it is no longer controversial to be designated as a national key cultural relics protection unit, and the architectural miracle of the Jade Emperor Temple is far more than that.
Unbelievably broken beams
The Jade Emperor Hall of the Jade Emperor Temple is the third single national treasure building on the central axis of the temple.
The most distinctive first number of bucket arches in this building, bucket arches can be said to be standard in ancient Chinese architecture, why is the bucket arch of the Jade Emperor Hall considered an architectural miracle? It turned out that the Jade Emperor Pavilion not only had high cornices, but also had four more arches than the Taihe Hall in the Forbidden City.
The literature records: "The Imperial Palace of The Imperial Palace of Beijing is the Seven Steps Bucket Arch, and the Upper Eaves is nine Steps, which is the highest grade building in the country. "But in a small mountain village in Shanxi, there are surprising thirteen arches, which is really incredible." Stepping is an ancient construction term, under the eaves protruding outward (or inward) is called an arch, and the square wooden block that cushions between the arch and the arch is called a bucket, collectively known as a bucket arch.
The Fighting Chestnut is picked out inward and outward, which is called "stepping out" in the Qing Dynasty, and every row of chestnuts inward or outward is called a step. According to the "Engineering Practice Rules" promulgated by the Ministry of Works in the twelfth year of the Yongzheng Dynasty of the Qing Dynasty, the maximum regulation for ancient construction is eleven steps, but in actual operation and in existing official buildings, there are no eleven steps (except for archways, because the arch arches are completely for decoration and can exceed eleven steps) Examples of ancient constructions, while the arches of the Jade Emperor GuanYuHuang Pavilion in the Southern Song Dynasty Village are as many as thirteen steps.
The Jade Emperor Pavilion is said to have been built in the Song Dynasty, and the Song Dynasty already had the "Architectural French Style", and the possibility of building it beyond the system is extremely small. On the ridge of the glass beast at the top of the pavilion there is the words "Rebuilt on the second day of the first month of February in the 42nd year of the Ming Wanli Calendar".
However, the "Ming Shi Youfu Zhi IV" records: "Shumin Lushe, Hongwu twenty-six years of customization, but three rooms, five, not allowed to use buckets, decorated with color." The regulations on the management of the building are more stringent, so it seems unreasonable for works of that era to use the 13-step bucket arch unprecedented in history. This is the second unsolved case of architectural history.
Responsible editor Wu Guorong