The past of the Shandong revolution | Jiaodong Jinggangshan - the guerrilla group of the Red Army in Kuncheng Mountain

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The majestic Kuncheng Mountain in Chongling, which straddles between Muping and Wendeng, is like a high spine on the Jiaodong Peninsula, facing the tide of the sea and looking in all directions. It is the birthplace of the Jiaodong Special Committee of the Communist Party of China; It was the source and headquarters of the "11.4" riots; Here the "Jiaodong Guerrilla Group of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" was born, and the three founding generals Xu Shiyou, Chi Haotian, and Li Yaowen were born, as well as a large number of outstanding founding generals.

One day in June 1935, Yu Deshui, a Communist Party member who was temporarily hiding from the enemy in the northeast, received a letter that said, "We are all very busy, the people have to build houses with bricks, and we are all burning kilns..." After Yu Deshui was convinced, he immediately rushed back to Jiaodong. At this time, on the Kuncheng Mountain, comrades are making intensive preparations to do an earth-shattering event.

On November 29, 1935, the Jiaodong Special Committee of the Communist Party of China organized and led a huge peasant armed rebellion in Wendeng, Rongcheng, Muping, Haiyang and other counties, and the 114 riot was named "Jiaodong Guerrilla Of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army", and the riot headquarters was located in The Wujian Temple on Kuncheng Mountain.

On November 28, the Eastern Route Army led by Yu Deshui and the Western Route Army led by Cheng Lun held riots in Muping and Wendeng counties respectively. The rebels fought the local tycoons all the way, divided up the property, and seized the guns of the landlords. On December 1, the two rebel teams met at Songjiao Village. On the afternoon of 2 July, a meeting meeting was held to announce the establishment of two brigades, Haiyang and Muping, and it was decided to carry out guerrilla warfare in the Qingshan Mountains.

The meeting was not yet over, and it was suddenly surrounded by more than a thousand people from the Zhan Shutang Department of the 81st Division of the Kuomintang Army. The riot team rushed to battle, on the one hand organized a counterattack, on the other hand retreated to the Western Mountains, the team was scattered on the way, Zhang Xianhe and other sacrifices, Cheng Lun, Cao Yunzhang, etc. were captured, and the armed rebellion finally failed because the enemy was strong and weak. However, as the largest armed struggle led by the Communist Party of China in the Jiaodong region during the agrarian revolution, the 114 riots expanded the party's influence among the masses and sowed the seeds and hopes of the revolution.

After the failure of the uprising, in order to preserve the revolutionary forces, Yu Deshui, Wang Liang, and others led the survivors of the rebellion to fight in Kuncheng Mountain, and the "Kuncheng Mountain Red Army Guerrilla Group" was born. There is no home in the mountains, so they live in caves; Without a gun, pick up a large knife. Under extremely difficult circumstances, the Kunming Mountain guerrillas still tried to contain the enemy's forces. In the course of guerrilla warfare, the guerrillas' ties with the masses became closer and closer, and the Red Armed Forces grew stronger and stronger here.

In the 1950s, based on the revolutionary deeds of the Kuncheng Mountains and the experience of Yu Deshui, the writer Feng Deying successively created novels "Bitter Cauliflower" and "Mountain Chrysanthemum", vividly reproducing the magnificent revolutionary years, and the heroic deeds of Yu Deshui and Kunchengshan were immediately known to more Chinese people.

Premier Zhou Enlai once said: "When I first arrived in Yan'an, I knew about The Kuncheng Mountains and yu Deshui..." This is because in the later period of the agrarian revolution, there were only two Red Army detachments left in the Jiangbei region, one was the Shaanxi-Gansu-Bian Red Army led by Liu Zhidan in northern Shaanxi, and the other was the Red Army in KunchengShan led by Yu Deshui.

On December 24, 1937, the Red Army of Kuncheng Mountain marched to Tianfushan, participated in the Tianfushan Uprising, participated in the formation of the "Shandong People's Anti-Japanese National Salvation Third Army", and established the first people's anti-Japanese armed force in Jiaodong under the leadership of our Party. After the baptism of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation, the "Third Army" gradually developed into a powerful organization of four armies, making great contributions to the liberation of the Chinese nation and the establishment of New China.