In 310, the fourth year of the Western Jin Dynasty, the Xiongnu Liu Cong once again besieged the city of Luoyang. Unlike the previous two attacks on Luoyang, the Xiongnu did not attack as before, but ordered Wang Mi, a strategist from a large clan, to go south to Yuzhou and join forces with the displaced people and beggars who were oppressed by the warriors to cut off the grain and grass supply channels in Luoyang.
Yingchuan, Xiangcheng, Nanyang, and Runan, displaced people and beggars who had no arable land, killed the governor of the prefecture and county, Shi, in response to Wang Mi's call. For a time, Luoyang was besieged for ten months, and there was not a single Wang Shiqin King, and famine broke out in Luoyang.
Emperor Sima Zheng of Jin hurriedly sent emissaries to the kings of the Sima clan everywhere for help: "You tell the kings of the towns for me that now they are coming to the aid of the Jin Chamber, and the world is no longer owned by the Sima clan"! However, in the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings" before, the kings of the Sima clan, who were fiercely fighting in the sky, were now facing the invasion of the Xiongnu, and they actually went inside and outside the civil war, and none of them rushed to the aid of Luoyang.
Only the general Wang Jian of Zhengnan sent troops to serve the king, but he was defeated by the Xiongnu because he was outnumbered; Wang Chenggang of Jingzhou wanted to support Luoyang, but his men scattered and fled; Sima Zheng, who used to lament that the victims of the disaster "why not eat meat and mash", fell into despair in the famine in Luoyang.
Sima Yi, Sima Shi, Sima Zhao, Sima Yan, the Western Jin Dynasty created by three generations and four sons: usurped the world with conspiracy, and because the concept of loyalty and righteousness collapsed, no one was diligent; the Nine Pins zhongzheng was encircling the door valves of the Shi clan, and the Central Plains were not protected because of the displacement of people; the kings with the same surname were divided for ten thousand years, and they also abolished their martial arts because of the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings".
In the end, the city of Luoyang was destroyed, the victorious Xiongnu soldiers were plundered, and countless people burned the palace utensils and classics; Liu Yao slaughtered more than 30,000 soldiers and civilians under Sima Yi, the prince of the Jin Dynasty; the people of Luoyang were buried in bones and suffered casualties; the Jin Hui Emperor Sima Zheng fled to Hualin Garden and was arrested; the Xiongnu general Liu Yaoqiang married empress Yang Xianrong; and the Imperial Tomb of the Jin Dynasty was stolen; History calls it the "Yongjia Rebellion"...
Since then, the Western Jin Dynasty, which had suffered great losses in the "Rebellion of the Eight Kings", had survived in name only, and the Hu peoples such as Xiongnu, Xianbei, Qiang, and Xianbei poured into the Central Plains. The Northern Han people could only rely on the defense of Wu Fort to avoid slaughter, and the scope of survival was rapidly reduced. A large number of Han people crossed the Huai River and the Yangtze River and flowed to the land of Jingxiang and Jianghuai, which is known in history as "Yiguan Nandu".
In the nearly one hundred years after the "Yongjia Rebellion", the Hu peoples such as the Xiongnu and Xianbei in the north sang and appeared on the scene. But what awaits the Han people are such bloody records as: "30,000 men and women were in the river", "Because of the slaughter of Liyang", "More than 100,000 people died of the prince and the prince", "More than 3,000 men and women who attacked the white horse and pit men and women". Therefore, 1700 years ago, this period of Hu invasion of the north and the darkest era of the Han people were also known as "Wuhu Chaohua" or "Shenzhou Lushen".
Although the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the south once had the ancestral ancestors who "smelled the chickens dancing" and the Huanwen Northern Expedition of "the tree is like this, how can people be worthy", they were all hindered by the warrior clan and their achievements were defeated. Countless hu people fought, the opportunity of the Northern Expedition to the Central Plains was missed in vain, and the Han people in the Wu Fort looked south to the Wang Division for another year. In the end, it was the Xianren Jian who took the lead in completing the great unification of the north, posing a fatal threat to the Chinese civilization that "crossed the south in the crown".
In 378, Former Qin Sent the Southern General Gong Pi to lead 70,000 troops out of Dengzhou; the General Shi Yue led 10,000 troops out of Luyang; Murong Chui led 50,000 troops out of Nanxiang; the leading general Gou Chi led 40,000 troops out of Wudang; a total of 170,000 troops besieged the Eastern Jin Dynasty Xiangyang City, determining whether the Han people could continue their crowns.
It was April, and Zhu Xu, the eastern Jin General of Xiangyang, believed that Former Qin did not have boats to cross the river, so Former Qin's 5,000 vanguard army built a pontoon bridge to force the Han River. On the same day, the outer city of Xiangyang fell, and Zhu Xu's old mother, Han Shi, heard that her son had carelessly lost the outer city, and personally led all the maids and more than a hundred women in the city to inspect whether the inner city was strong, and also to see if their sons and husbands would be deserters who abandoned their wives and sons.
For a time, the morale of the Xiangyang defenders was boiling, and with the help of the city within the district, they blocked the pace of Former Qin's 170,000 troops, and the two sides fell into a cruel tug-of-war. The elderly Han Old Lady, while encouraging her son to resist heroically, led hundreds of female dependents to build a new wall twenty meters long after leading hundreds of female dependents to the weak northwest corner of the inner city. Later, the old wall collapsed, Zhu Xu relied on the new wall to repel the former Qin army offensive, and the people of Xiangyang praised the new wall as the "Lady Wall".
Lady City of Xiangyang still exists today
The mother is a hero of the towel, and the son is also an iron-blooded warrior. In the face of Former Qin's 170,000 troops, Zhu Xu, who received no support, first relied on the inner city of Xiangyang to hold out for a hundred days. Huan Chong, the commander of Jingzhou in the Eastern Jin Dynasty, feared the Former Qin army and had 70,000 troops who did not dare to support Xiangyang, but Zhu Xu insisted on holding out for 100 days but became more and more courageous in the war. Zhu Xushan was able to attack and seized the opportunity to counterattack the Former Qin army several times. After fighting 170,000 troops, Zhi Pi was gray-headed and dirty-faced, and Zhi Jian was so angry that he sent a sword, and he could not attack Xiangyang in the spring of the year, and the main general cut himself.
Zhu Xu resisted the enemy in the inner city, and in the face of 170,000 troops and no external assistance, he held out for a whole year, or because of the defeat of li Boyan's troops who oversaw the city, he became the first hero of the Eastern Jin Dynasty in the Battle of Shuishui and defending the han people's crown.
In the spring of 379, Xiangyang was broken, the eastern Jin Dynasty Jianghuai defensive line was wide opened, and the decisive battle between Former Qin and Eastern Jin had become inevitable. The two sides began to prepare for the battle and prepare for the final battle of national fortunes. Jian Jian believed that by mobilizing all the ethnic groups in Former Qin, it was possible to recruit 970,000 troops, and finally 250,000 vanguard troops, 600,000 infantry, and 270,000 cavalry, for a total of 1.12 million mixed coalition troops.
In the Eastern Jin Dynasty, Huan Chong was in charge of the upper middle and upper reaches, commanding 100,000 Jingzhou soldiers to guard the Jianghan Plain; Xie An was responsible for the defense of the Huai River downstream, and his nephew Xie Xuan was responsible for recruiting 80,000 displaced people to form the "Northern Province Army". In May 383, the fifth year after the Battle of Xiangyang, Jian Jian, who had completed the preparations for a million troops, invaded the south in a large scale.
From longxi in the west to the Yan Dynasty in the north, and from the Central Plains in the south, the Former Qin army embarked on a journey separately. When 1.12 million Former Qin troops poured into Jianghuai from all over the north, Rongrong's 250,000 vanguard army reached the Huai River, and the pre-Qin army in Longxi had not yet reached Chang'an. The land that stretches for thousands of miles in the north is full of Former Qin's large army, and all ethnic groups are mixed, except for the Qiangjian native people.
Xie Xuan's 80,000 Northern Province army, facing the surging Pre-Qin army, could only choose to hold out. At this time, the first hero, the Xiangyang defender Zhu Xu, appeared again. Zhu Xu came with a detailed military report from Former Qin, obviously to help Jian Jian persuade him to surrender to the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and when he saw Xie Xuan, he said: "Former Qin's army of millions is coming from all over the world, and if it is successfully gathered, it will no longer be able to return to heaven." If we cannot hold firm, we should take advantage of the fact that the main force of the enemy army has not arrived, and we should fight quickly, urgently, and decisively."
The arrival of Zhu Xu made the Eastern Jin Dynasty's strategy change from defensive to offensive, and the situation changed in favor. However, Former Qin Liangcheng's more than 20,000 troops were guarded on the other side of Luojian, and the number of people was unknown. Who attacked and how?
The second hero, Guangling Xiang Liu Jiaozhi, appeared on the scene, facing the Luojian Defense Line of Former Qin, Liu Gaozhi did not care about the risk of "half crossing and attacking". He led 5,000 elite "Beifu Army", concentrated superior forces, attacked the enemy at one point, broke through the Former Qin defense line in a few days, and killed thousands of defenders. And quickly circumvented the huai river crossing, cut off the way back of the defeated soldiers, and the defeated soldiers of former Qin drowned and died 15,000, known in history as the "Great Victory of Luojian".
Liu Gaozhi's march was as fierce as fire, and a "Great Victory in Luojian" not only stabilized the hearts of the Eastern Jin army, but also pushed the Eastern Jin front from Luojian to the west to Shuishui, and the decisive battle of Shuishui broke out. Yuan Jian, who was far away in Xiangcheng, heard the letter and hurriedly led tens of thousands of his cronies to the front line, converging 250,000 forward troops, a total of 280,000 and 800,000 (the rest were still on the way from all over).
Shouting to break the river, He jian saw the Eastern Jin Dynasty defense line on the Bagong Mountain on the other side in the distance, only to see the lush trees. Thinking that the Jin army is numerous and timid, this is the allusion to "grass and trees are soldiers". Xie Xuan of the Eastern Jin Dynasty proposed that Jian Jian first retreat for several miles and let the Jin army cross the decisive battle of Shuishui, and Jian Jian agreed to withdraw his troops with the idea of "half crossing the attack".
Nearly 300,000 Former Qin troops retreated one after another for unknown reasons, and soon fell into panic. The Eastern Jin Dynasty general Zhu Xu took advantage of the chaos and shouted: "The Qin army has been defeated, the Qin army has been defeated!"! Fear spread rapidly among the Former Qin army, and Xie Xuan took the opportunity to lead the 8,000 elite of the "Northern Province Army" to cross the river and attack, and the Former Qin army completely collapsed.
Jian Jian's brother Zhi Rong (苻融) commanded back and forth, and as a result, the part was scattered by the rebel army, killed by the generals of the "Northern Province Army", and the Former Qin army collapsed for thousands of miles. The 80,000 elite "Beifu Army" crossed the shuishui in its entirety, and 300,000 former Qin troops scattered as birds and beasts, trampling on each other and fleeing so that "Surabaya did not flow for it". Jian Jian was no longer full of spirits, and fled back to the north with his loyal cavalry, and when he heard the sound of the wind and the cranes on the road, he thought that the pursuit of the soldiers had arrived, which was the origin of the allusion "wind and crane".
Millions of all ethnic groups rebelled one after another, the former Qin regime of the Yu clan collapsed, and Jian Jian failed to put down the rebellion and died. Zhu Xu took advantage of the chaos to flee back to the Eastern Jin Dynasty and became a generation of famous generals; Liu Jiao became famous in one battle and became the soul of the "Northern Province Army"; Xie Xuan's children broke the enemy army and became the treasure tree of the Xie family. The Eastern Jin Dynasty escaped the greatest disaster, the Han people's clothing and Chinese heritage were continued, and the battle of Shuishui, which determined the direction of civilization 1700 years ago, ended with the sudden rise and proclamation of the three heroes Zhu Xu, Liu Gaozhi and Xie Xuan. Shortly thereafter, the era of "Wuhu Chaohua" came to an end, and the "Southern and Northern Dynasties" began.