In the history of the State of Qi, Duke Huan of Qi was an important historical figure. Duke Huan of Qi, real name Lü Xiaobai (?) –October 7, 643 BC), courtesy name Lü (劉氏), was the head of the Spring and Autumn Five Lords, and was known as "Qi Huan Jin Wen" along with duke Wen of Jin, reigned from 685 BC to 643 BC, and was the sixteenth monarch of the State of Qi with the surname Jiang. Duke Huan of Qi appointed Guan Zhong as his minister and implemented the change of law, which made the State of Qi gradually stronger in the early Spring and Autumn Period. In 681 BC, Duke Huan of Qi met with the princes of the Four Kingdoms of Song, Chen, Cai, and Yi in Beixing in order to quell the unrest in the Song state. After the Song state violated the covenant, the Duke of Qi Huan led the princely states to attack the Song in the name of Zhou Tianzi, forcing the Song state to seek peace, which was the first time of the "Nine Princes".
In 679 BC, the princes and the Duke of Qi Huan allied with juàn, and the Duke of Qi Huan became the overlord of the princes of the world. In addition, the Duke of Qi Huan also destroyed the small states of Tan, Sui, and Yan. Therefore, it is very obvious that the Duke of Qi Huan, as the head of the Five Hegemons of the Spring and Autumn Period, undoubtedly raised the strength and status of the State of Qi by a notch, which prompted the State of Qi to become one of the four powerful countries of the Spring and Autumn Period, and the other three princely states were the State of Qin, the State of Jin, and the State of Chu. However, although the Duke of Qi Huan promoted the rise of the State of Qi, the Duke of Qi Huan was kind enough to take in a fallen prince, and as a result, hundreds of years later, the descendants of this person usurped the State of Qi and destroyed the State of Qi of the Jiang (Lü clan).
One
First of all, the prince who was kindly accepted by Duke Huan of Qi was chen guo's clan chamber, Chen Guan, who was the ancestor of the Tian surname, and his descendants usurped the Qi state of Jiangshan, which is the famous "Tian Clan Daiqi" incident in history. When it comes to Tian Shi Daiqi, Chen Quan is naturally a figure that cannot be ignored. In the twenty-sixth year of the Reign of Qi (705 BC), Duke Li of Chen gave birth to a son, Chen Guan, who was originally the son of the monarch of the State of Chen. Among the princely states of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Chen was a relatively weak princely state. According to historical records, the first monarch of the State of Chen was Concubine Man, the son of Tao Zheng (also known as Fu Father), who served as The Duke of Zhouwen (that is, the official in charge of making pottery), and the capital was built in Wanqiu (in the area of present-day Chengguan, Huaiyang, Henan), with the largest area of jurisdiction reaching fourteen yi, roughly in the eastern part of present-day Henan Province.
Therefore, in terms of geographical location, Chen Guo is relatively Qi Guo. In the thirty-second year of the Reign of Qi (699 BC), Chen Ligong's nephew and younger son of his brother Chen Huan Gongbao (陳林), who was dissatisfied with the murder of his father (Chen Huan Gongbao) brother (Crown Prince), killed Chen Ligong and established himself as the monarch of the State of Chen, as the Duke of Chen Zhuang. Duke Li of Chen's son Gongzi was only a doctor. In the Spring and Autumn Period, with the decline in the authority and status of the Zhou royal family, the various princely states did not pay attention to the patriarchal system and the sub-feudal system, not only did the Chu state overstep the title of king, but also in the face of the civil unrest that occurred in the Chen kingdom, the Zhou royal family was also unable to carry out a crusade. This, in fact, also laid the foundation for the appearance of Spring and Autumn overlords such as qi huan gong and Jin Wengong.
Two
In the fifth year of the Reign of Duke Xiang of Qi (693 BC), Duke Zhuang of Chen died after seven years on the throne, and his brother Qiu Usu took over the throne, known in history as Duke Xuan of Chen. In the fourteenth year of the Duke of Qi Huan (672 BC), chen Xuangong's son was made crown prince in his later years. However, when Qi Xuangong saw that Crown Prince Yukou had finished making friends with Gongzi, he became suspicious and thought that they were plotting against him, so he killed Crown Prince Yukou. In fact, Miko had frequent dealings with gongzi because he respected him as a sage. In this regard, in the view of many historians, after Yu Kou was killed, Gongzi Quan (Chen Quan) was worried that he would harm his own body, so he took his family and his family to flee to the State of Qi to avoid disaster.
In this regard, in the author's opinion, the reason why Chen Quan chose to avoid disasters in the State of Qi mainly includes the following points: The first point is that the State of Qi is relatively close to the State of Chen, which reduces the difficulty of migration. Imagine that if Chen Quan went to the Chu state, the Qin state, and other princely states that were far away, the mountains were high and the road was far away, which undoubtedly had a relatively high risk; the second point was that because the Duke of Qi Huan was the overlord of the Spring and Autumn Period at that time, and if there was civil strife in the various princely states, the Duke of Qi Huan would usually go to uphold justice, that is, at this time, the Duke of Qi Huan exercised some of the powers that originally belonged to the Zhou royal family; as for the third point, it should be that the strength of the State of Qi was relatively strong, and as long as it could be taken in by the State of Qi, there should be no need to continue to drift away in the future. In the face of Chen Guan, the duke of Chen Guo, who had come to defect, Duke Huan of Qi originally wanted him to serve as the Qing Dafu, that is, to grant him a relatively high official position.
Three
Just as the so-called meritlessness was not tolerated, Chen Quan immediately declined, and he said to Qi Huangong: "As a sojourner, I am fortunate not to do hard work, which is the favor you gave me, and I dare not serve as a high-ranking official." For Chen Wan's modest answer, Qi Huangong was very satisfied, so he let him be the official of Gongzheng. Qi Yizhong wanted to marry his daughter to Chen Guan, first counting a gua, gua ci said: "Husband and wife are like male and female phoenixes flying both, the song should be loud and crisp." The descendants of the concubine surname will flourish in the country of jiang. After five generations, it will be developed, and its status will be on a par with that of Zhengqing. Eight generations later, no one can compare. Since then, Chen Quan has remained in the State of Qi. Chen Hetian pronounces dien in the ancient sound, similar to the sound of the temple. Modern Hokkien still retains the ancient pronunciation of dien, Chen Hetian homophony.
After Chen Quan ran to the State of Qi, he changed his surname to The homophonous Tian, so for Chen Quan, he was also considered to be the ancestor of the Surname of Tian. Chen's descendants not only gained heavy use in the State of Qi, but also eventually usurped the Jiang Dynasty of the State of Qi. In 532 BC, Tian Huanzi, the fourth grandson of the Duke of Chen, joined forces with the Bao, Luan, and Gao clans to destroy the Qing clan of the State of Qi. After that, the Tian clan, the Bao clan extinguished the Luan, and the Gao Er clan. Tian Huanzi won the support of the Dukes of Qi and the people of the State of Qi for "all the princes and grandsons who have no lulu, and privately divide the people" and for the people of the country, "the poor and widowed, the private and the millet".
Four
Finally, in this regard, in the author's opinion, unlike the later Sima clan replacing the Cao clan, the process of tian replacing the Jiang clan (Lü shi) was very slow and gradual. More crucially, in the process of replacing the Cao clan, the Sima clan encountered a fierce rebellion such as the Three Rebellions in Huainan, that is, Sima Yi, Sima Shi, and Sima Zhao spent huge manpower and material resources to quell the rebel forces. However, in the process of usurping power, the Tian clan did not encounter too fierce resistance, which was one of the reasons why the surrounding princely states such as the Qin, Chu, Yan, and Sanjin did not get the opportunity to intervene. In 489 BC, Duke Jing of Qi died, and the Duke of Qi, gao er clan, established gongzi di, Tian begged the state, Gao Er clan, and another prince Yang Sheng, established himself as a xiang. From then on, the Tian clan held the power of the State of Qi. In other words, the monarch of the State of Qi at this time, like Emperor Xian of Han in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, became a puppet, that is, he was vacated by the Tian clan.
In 481 BC, Tian Heng (Tian Chengzi), the son of Tian Beg, killed the Duke of Qi jian and many dukes, and established another Duke of Qi Ping, further controlling the government of the State of Qi, and winning the hearts and minds of the people with "rewards for repairing the gong". In 391 BC, Tian Chengzi IV Sun Tian and deposed the Duke of Qi Kang. By 386 BC, Tian He exiled Qi Kang to the sea and established himself as monarch. Like the States of Wei, Korea, and Zhao, the State of Tian also gained the acquiescence and side division of the Zhou royal family, and in the same year, Tian He was ordained by the King of Zhou'an as the Marquis of Qi, which meant the formal formation of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States. In 379 BC, Duke Qi Kang died, and the surname of Jiang qi was extinct. The Tian clan still uses "Qi" as the national name, and the history is called "Tian Qi". In summary, Duke Huan of Qi should not have thought that one of his acts of kindness, that is, to take in Chen Guan, the fallen prince, eventually led to the change of ownership of the Country of Qi. What do you think about that?