"The Biography of the Painter" ~ 296th article
Text/Lu Xiuhui
Tang Bin (1627-1687), also spelled Kong Bo, Jing Dan (荆岘), and Late Qian'an (潜庵). A native of Suizhou( present-day Sui County, Henan).
Tang Bin was born in the old clan of valve reading, and his tutor was very strict, and he was not a clumsy disciple. In the fifteenth year of Chongzhen (1642), Li Zicheng led an army to attack Suizhou in Henan, and when the city was destroyed, Tang Bin's mother Zhao Shi committed suicide in order to protect her name. At that time, he was fifteen years old, the country was so dilapidated, could the family still be safe? Under the nest, Ann has finished eggs?
After entering the Qing Dynasty, he was admitted to the Jinshi in the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), and was initially selected as a Shu jishi of the Hongwen Academy, and was awarded the review of the National History Institute, and from then on he embarked on a career.
In the twelfth year of Shunzhi (1655), Tang Bin served as a Taoist in Tongguan, Shaanxi, and he bought three mules, one for each of the master and servant, and two pairs of worn-out bedding, a bamboo book box, light clothes, and a mule. The news spread, and people called him "Tang Qingtian".
In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1679), Tang Bin took the Erudite Hong Confucian Examination and ranked eighteenth in the first class of high school. Lectured at the Hanlin Academy. Three years later, he was promoted to the president of the History of Ming. In the twenty-third year of the Kangxi Dynasty (1684), Tang Bin served as the governor of Jiangning. Tang Bin's "Summer Song Huai", a poem cloud:
In early summer, the atmosphere is clear, and the green shade reflects the bamboo pavilion.
Good birds come and go, and the breeze spreads across the forest.
Nourish the boils and sit down against the clouds.
There are several books, and the tea bowl is often wrong.
Occasionally, it is a chapter, and the pleasant feelings are brief.
Collect medicine and branch short flutes, and seek out springs to step on mangs.
Xie Furong, Ming Zhizhong indifferent.
Resisting the heart of the ancients, Xiao Ran has true happiness.
The Inspectors of Jiangning in the Ming and Qing dynasties enjoyed great fame, but Zhou Chen, Hai Rui and Tang Bin. Zhou Chen is sensitive, Hai Rui is honest and straight, and Tang Bin has both. Academically, Zhou Chen and Hai Rui are even less than Tang Bin. Tang Bin has an advantage, no matter what kind of occasion, involving characters, like to show the strengths of people.
At the beginning, Yu Guozhu served as the inspector of Jiangning, and there was no way to govern, and Jiangnan became more and more bad, especially suzhou, Songjiang and other provinces in the "Wudi", and did their best to "still luxury". Kangxi once said to Tang Bin with emotion: "The land of wealth in the south of the River, the town of Jinguan, seems to be full of feelings, and its countryside is sparing and its human feelings are simple, not as good as the north." "At that time, Jiangnan was heavy on commerce and light on agriculture, and it was prosperous on the surface. The commodity economy is highly developed, and the people abandon farming to do business. Kangxi instructed Tang Bin to make the improvement of Jiangsu customs the focus of his work.
Tang Bin also deeply resented Wudi's "shang luxury" atmosphere, and luxury behavior was widespread in Wudi, and even inferior people such as peddlers and pawns and Xu Lijuanyou also wore mink hats and silk clothes. The literati even focused their energies on prostitutes making obscene remarks, and the atmosphere was very bad for a while. Even when people were sick, they asked shamans to hold prayers, hire bands, and slaughter livestock. As for various competitions and temple fairs, they are emerging in an endless stream. On Shinto birthdays and praying for the age of security, all of them invite prostitutes to help, and banquets are placed on the wine boats, competing for a wider range. Luxury consumes both the people's wealth and the tax collection of the state. As a result, Tang Bin "forbade women to travel and watch, and Jin officials and Juan You did not get clothes and veils." He believes that such a waste is better than "using this unhelpful fee to show mercy to the relatives of the township party and publish words and deeds, then people praise goodness and accumulate yin gong." ”
Wu Di is even more gambling, and various tricks emerge in an endless stream. Tang Bin warned the people not to get together and gamble. Those who participate in gambling shall be punished, and if they are caught gambling, the gambling equipment shall be destroyed, and the participants shall be imprisoned and will not eat or drink for seven days. Tang Bin's "Sending Li Zide to Be Raised" wrote:
Thistle gate rain light autumn shade,
But the way of doing things is ancient and modern.
Endowed with "Shanglin" to give the first,
Table Chen Dongye early pumping.
Guanhe falls into the mountains of the township,
The road is deep in the wild trees.
To the High Church of the Day,
The imperial incense is not scattered around the placket.
Wudi is buried luxuriously, the poor cannot afford to bury, and the rich refuse to bury. It has become a custom in Wudi not to be buried. The fact that rich people are not buried is a "feng shui" heresy that is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The poor are not buried, which is related to Wu Di's bad habit of obstructing burial. Some villains in Wudi are entangled in gangs and specialize in obstructing burials, unless they pay for it. After Tang Bin learned about the situation, he ordered the local officials to strictly punish these villains and punish them severely. Tang Bin also banned the theory of "feng shui", so that the rich did not dare not bury. Otherwise, the subordinate prefectural, state, and county officials will be ordered to organize the burial and dispose of the bones of the ownerless body. Tang Bin's effective measures fundamentally changed Wu Di's funeral habits.
The people of Wudi, regardless of disease, trade, marriage, and funeral, must carry out worship activities. There are a large number of ancestral temples built everywhere, and the same has been true since ancient times. The New Book of Tang Dynasty Di Renjie's biography: "Wu Chu customs have many obscene temples, Ren Jie one forbids, all destroy 1700 houses, only Xia Yu, Wu Taibo, Ji Zha, Wu Yuan's four ancestral halls are left." "Adultery has become a great harm. Tang Bin's "Gift to Wu Huzhou" poem, poem Yun:
Xian Lang drafted the most well-known, several years of drapery upwards.
According to the rain, the fragrant rice is late, and the flowers of the class farmers are light and the clouds are light.
Nangong calligraphy and painting added a new score, and Li Xiangtingtai continued the old alliance.
Wen Dao guests are often full of seats, and the qingzun really sees the love of the ancients.
It has become so serious that "whoever has a special color of young women, and occasionally has a cold and heat, will know that the five links will marry a woman, and their women will also dream and meet with God, and often win and die." The family did not think it was mourning. "When Tang Bin was in office, he stipulated that for civil marriages and marriages, as well as when he was old, he only needed to sacrifice his ancestors, and was not allowed to prepare tea feasts, invite evil and ghosts, and arbitrarily pay fees. He also destroyed the statue of adultery, and changed the temple into a sociological and righteous warehouse. Tang Bin also asked Ji LeShi to forbid adultery forever. "Please grant a special decree to strictly prohibit the stones on the top of the mountain, and order the magistrates to increase their intentions to inspect, and those who dare to revive the temple will be punished."
During the Ming and Qing dynasties, Wudi culture flourished, and the degree of educational popularity was so high that it was crowned in China for a while. Therefore, the people are good at litigation, and they will fight a lawsuit when they disagree, and they will fight a lawsuit if nothing goes well. There are also talents and lawyers. When Tang Bin first served as the inspector of Jiangsu, he issued an edict, "Get off the bus for three days according to the Bendu Courtyard, and let the notice be issued to understand the people's feelings." However, Wu Zhong's 'Jian litigation' has become a custom, and the lawyers often use false words, teach Jun to make false accusations, and have no shadow with ben and other things. During Tang Bin's administration of Jiangsu, he spent a lot of effort on "abstaining from litigation" and making those who slandered and prosecuted wash their hands and traces. Tang Bin "Gift to Mr. Li Yingbi"
Lu Guo's relics were burned, and Lai Fusheng was passed on orally.
Ninety Dr. Qin, Dian Mo Lai Ming.
Literature 岿 aura, Dou Yu shows the scenery line.
Writings on the Tibetan name Yue, Dayi He Zhengrong.
Tiger Guan treats Hongru, and Danzhao descends to Jiangcheng.
It is difficult for old people to walk, how dare they resist the bow.
The messengers were drawn from books, and the scrolls were full of giant baskets.
The white clouds seal the rock valley, and the sound of the phoenix is heard.
With these axes, Tang Bin won a very high prestige in Jiangsu. He also forbade the harassment of the people by sending servants; forbade soldiers from taking advantage of their exploits; prohibited officials from privately requisitioning; prohibited officials from extorting fire and extorting private factions; and forbade officials from giving gifts and requests. Tang Bin soothed sanwu, suppressed the wind and discipline, stirred up the turmoil and promoted the qing, and caused great changes in Wu customs from then on. When people see officials obeying the law, the magnates dare not ask for trust, and civilian use is not wasteful. The governor of Changzhou, Zu Jinchao, because of his negligence towards subordinate officials, proposed to remove him from his post, but Tang Bin felt that Zu Jinchao was a capable official and could benefit the government, so he asked him to stay in office. Zu Jinchao was grateful and wanted to send something to Tang Bin to express his feelings. He saw that Tang Bin's clothes were very worn, so he made a set of clothes and boots and wanted to give them to Tang Bin. However, afraid of Tang Bin's solemnity, he did not dare to send it, and finally had to wear it himself. Tang Bin did not accept bribes, did not bribes, and under his influence, his subordinate officials were honest and honest. Among them, there are many people with remarkable political achievements. Tang Bin "Gift to Li Yingbi"
Xiang Xin si studied the classics and continued the History of Han.
Shiye Heavy Lantai, Qianqiu who inherits the beauty.
Mr. Ling Zixian, carrying a pen in the stone canal.
Wenzao yao chaohua, holding the argument flat as water.
The crowd was stunned, and the court reprimanded Shil.
Yu also decayed and followed the shame.
Looking south to the east coast, Danxia Mingruoqi.
May the words be whipped, and the toilet be at the bottom.
Hate the wings of the birds, flying into the plains.
Tang Bingui is an inspector, and his life is very frugal, and his wife and princes wear cloth clothes, eat green vegetables, and drink "tofu soup". One day, Tang Bin checked the household account book, and when he saw that there was a chicken bought on it one day, Tang Wei called the servants to inquire: "Why didn't I eat the chicken?" The servant told him, "The prince bought it and ate it." Tang Bin called his son and angrily rebuked: "You think Jiangsu chicken is Henan chicken?" The price is several times higher. Want to eat chicken, go back to Henan. What kind of reader is a reader who can't chew the root of the vegetable? ”
Tang Binguan paid homage to Shangshu of the Ministry of Worship, and his family rented a house in a remote alley. In the big winter, Tang Bin only has an old sheepskin coat to withstand the cold. Whenever a person went to court, there was an inquirer who did not know him, and the guard said, "This man who wears an old sheepskin jacket is Tang Bin Shangshu." The questioner was filled with respect and did not dare to look up.
When Tang Bin died, he rummaged through the bamboo box, and only silver eight two remained. Xu Qianxue knew, "Twenty gold can be made into a funeral." His son Tang Pu recorded in the "First Examination of the Emperor's Strategy" that when Tang Bin was buried, "there were no new clothes in the house, and our clothes were buried, and the gold and copper belts were tied, and the imperial clothes were added to it, and the imperial clothes were satin, that is, they were given to him."
Tang Bin is good at painting landscapes, is good at both brushwork and freehand, and his pen and ink are beautiful and vigorous, and he is meticulous. His paintings are rare, the pen and ink are simple and far-reaching, the magic is beyond the pen and ink, and the poetry is in it. While paying attention to techniques such as rubbing, rubbing, dotting, and dyeing, and paying attention to the degree of law, he also pays attention to creation and rationality, and shifts to the source of gravity and imagery, changing the strict and strict style of painting in the courtyard, and the aesthetic pursuit of heavy rhyme, heavenly fun, and shangyi products.
Tang Bin Gongshu, good at kai, xing, grass, and li multi-body, all have wind gods, and there are some relics of late Ming romanticism. The body of yan has a deep foundation and is very bookish. He followed the path of theology, and his calligraphy pursued the "neutralization" of fun and was full of bookish atmosphere.
Lu Xiuhui has a poem "For Tang Bin's Submerged Nunnery", Shiyun:
From the ancient martyrs to the world, the righteous women are even rarer.
Li Chasing God is full of self-preservation, and there is no return of the crowned eunuch.
Three donkeys into Shaanxi with Luzi, fifty heads of ridicule.
Yeon-kwang wrote a book about the world, and was ashamed of being torn.
Mao Ruguan xi qingjian spring, incorruptible official Xu Yanghui.
Jun'en was worried about the humiliation of the ancient law, and there was no new clothes in the family.
That zhi zhi nian straight cup of water, millet I have to eat really can be deceived.
Push pillow Qing Han is low-minded, and has hated Weng for seeing things decline late.
Lonely Tong Cuihua Tianyan, the bed is not stiff and sound.
Lu Xiuhui works