Tang Bin was one of the important figures in the science of the early Qing Dynasty, and regarding his academic views, Xu Shichang and others compiled the "Case of Qing Confucianism", which said: "Mr. Du Shoucheng and Zhu, nor Thin Lu and Wang, personally practice, do not still preach. It can also be seen from this that Tang Bin is a conciliator of Cheng Zhu Lixue and Lu Wangxinxue.
However, judging from his words and deeds, his attitude was more focused on mental studies, and Shi Xinxin said in the "History of Science in the Qing Dynasty: Volume I": "Tang Bin, Cui Weilin, Chen Hun and others are among the few Zongwang scholars among Sun Men's disciples. Although Tang Bin Zhixue flaunted the distinction between Cheng Zhu and Lu Wang, Yu Lu and Wang had many protections. From this, it can be proved that although Tang Bin claims to be a conciliator, his internal psychology is still biased towards Lu Wangxinxue, and this attitude has a lot to do with his master's inheritance, because he is a disciple of Sun Qifeng.
Tang Bin like
Tang Bin was originally a jinshi in the ninth year of Qing Shunzhi and served as a political envoy in Jiangxi. In the sixteenth year of Shunzhi, Tang Bin heard that his father was ill, so he resigned and returned home. When he returned to his hometown, in addition to taking care of his parents, he studied hard, and it was at this stage that he came into contact with rigaku: "After mr. Resigned from the government and begged, his father and stepmother Xuan Gongren, Curie raised filial piety. Reading is always the limit. The Father decreed that he should go to bed, and that he would not cease to sleep until night, and that he would taste: "The scholar must see clearly between heaven and man's desires, so that it will be beneficial." If there is a mixture of one millimeter, it is not a matter of learning. (Appendix to the Case of Qing Confucianism)
After his father's death, he went to Mount Sumen to worship Sun Qifeng as a teacher, and in the Case of Qing Confucianism, it is stated: "From Sun Xiafeng to teach at Mount Sumen, he wrote the book of disciples, and also ordered the "Biography of the Rigaku Sect". Regarding Tang Bin's situation under Sun Qifeng's door, there is such a passage in the appendix: "Mr. Father lost his clothes, and Su Men gurudwara Sun Xiafeng, and was under the door of karma." Every time he questioned it, Xia Feng urgently called it, and the benefits he received were also beneficial. Xia Feng and Shu Yue: "The servant has been weak and timid, and has been isolated for more than thirty years, and now he has to pay for it." Heaven is quite Hongyi's capital, Heaven's intention is in Sven, is it accidental! And after Xia Feng, there are many questions and answers, and it is said: "If a person can introspect himself and be alert, then he is wise and always self-assured, and there is no increase or loss." It seems that Tang Bin is a person who is good at using his brain, and he asks questions to the teacher while studying, and he is praised by Sun Qifeng for this. After he left the teacher, the master and apprentice continued to discuss their knowledge through correspondence.
Tang Bin wrote the "Testament of Tang Zi" in the ninth year of qing tongzhi Su Tingkui carved the ancestral hall collection plate, book plate
In the eighteenth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tang Bin went to take the Erudite Hongci Examination, which this time gave him the position of attendant of the Hanlin Academy. During his tenure, he participated in the revision of the History of the Ming Dynasty. In the twentieth year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tang Bin became a Japanese lecturer, so he was often able to be with the emperor, so his theoretical concepts also had a certain influence on Xuan Ye, and there is such a record in the appendix of the "Qing Confucian Study Case": "Mr. Re-entered the Dictionary, lived in the Beijing Division, the rope was broken, and the rafters were not covered by wind and rain." Speaking directly about the feast, the Holy Patriarch ordered the recording of poems into the reading. There are ten poems in each. Saint Zu read a piece of the "Sayings" and ordered Chen to be careless. To say: 'Zhou Zi to Zhu Zi, all learning is pure and subtle. Later, he drowned in exhortations and lost his original intention. Wang Shouren said to his conscience that he would save the end of learning from the evils, but the words were lost, and the disciples lost their purpose. Stealing is to make up for the shortcomings and save the evil, each has a deep heart, may the scholar know the truth of the saint, practice it, and for a long time, it should be self-beneficial. It is useless to compete in colloquialism. 'Jaws. ”
Although Tang Bin served in the court, he did not care about life at all, living in a dilapidated house and still reading hard, Xuan Ye asked him to present his poems, and after the emperor read them, he ordered him to explain, so Tang Bin talked about Zhu Xi from Zhou Dunyi all the way to Zhu Xi, and then mentioned Wang Yangming. He thought that Wang Yangming's concept was correct, but his disciples did not pass on the authentic Wang Xue, so he felt that wang Xue's shortcomings should be corrected. His remarks made the emperor nod his head in praise.
Tang Bin wrote the "Draft History of Mr. Qian'an", the ninth year of the Qing Tongzhi Su Tingkui carved ben ancestral hall collection plate
It can be seen from this that in terms of the overall concept, Tang Bin wants to use Cheng Zhu's concept to save the evils of King Lu. From this point of view, he was influenced by his teacher Sun Qifeng, so Li Yuandu commented in the "Outline of the First True Affairs of the State Dynasty": "The study of the public is derived from Xia Feng, and it can hold Xin'an and Jinxi's peace, and the great purpose is to implement it in a timely manner, in order to emphasize practicality, and there is no disadvantage of Wang Xue's debauchery, so it is the same as the difference." ”
Li Yuandu believed that Tang Bin's academic view could balance the different concepts of Zhu Xi and Lu Jiuyuan, and believed that he could recognize the shortcomings of Qing Wangxue. However, in the twenty-second year of The Kangxi Dynasty, Tang Bin had a famous debate with Lu Longqi, a famous figure of the Cheng Zhu School. Through this debate, it can be seen that although Tang Bin does not oppose Cheng Zhu Lixue, he prefers Lu Wangxinxue.
Tang Bin wrote the "Continuation of Tang Zi's Testament" in the ninth year of Qing Tongzhi Su Tingkui carved the ancestral hall collection plate
In the twenty-second year of the Kangxi Dynasty, Tang Bin visited Lu Longqi during his time in the capital, and when the two first met, although there was a confrontation in sentences, there was no argument at all, and the "Annals of Lu Longqi" written by Wu Guangyou and others recorded the situation when the two met: "Tang Yan: 'Tang Yan:' Nowadays scholars are good at attacking the first Confucianism, but I don't know if this should be the case? Mr. Yun: "Probably for Yao Jiang." 'Unitary Press: Tang Gong is talented and simple, has a high character, and is a great man of a generation. The first master's disciple was entrusted with it, and he could not get rid of the conscience of the family, so he could not receive the transmission of Luo and Min. Its so-called modern scholars are intended to cover the stone gate, and to satirize Mr. Also. Mr. Undisclosed, Fu and Sudden Discernment. He wrote a book on Yao Jiang's loss and recorded the old "Academic Discernment" to show it, hoping that he would realize his own ears. It is a pity that what Tang Gong learned in his later years was righteous, and he was soon killed. "It seems that the first person to attack was Tang Bin.
Tang said: Some scholars today like to criticize the previous generation of Great Confucians, and this practice is not right or wrong. Lu replied: These criticisms are mainly aimed at Wang Yangming. For Lu's answer, Wu Guangyou made a case statement, he first praised Tang Bin for being very smart and his character is also very good, but unfortunately they were influenced by their teachers, and their hearts were still in line with the concept of Wang Xue, so Wu Guangyou believed that Tang Bin's academic concept was not the orthodox transmission of science, so when Tang Bin talked to Lu Longqi, what he said about "modern scholars" actually referred to Lu Liuliang, who emphasized Cheng Zhu Lixue.
Tang Bin wrote "Qiankun Two Gua Xie" In the ninth year of qing tongzhi, Su Tingkui carved the ancestral hall collection plate
However, Wu Guangyou believes that the object of Tang Bin's criticism is not against Lü Liuliang, but borrows Lü to criticize Lu Longqi. However, Lu Longqi felt that he was meeting with Tang Bin for the first time, and it was not convenient to argue about it immediately, so he discussed academic views with Tang Bin in the form of letters. At the same time, Lu Longqi sent a copy of his academic work "Academic Discernment" to Tang Bin, hoping that Tang would repent and return to Cheng Zhu from King Lu. Unfortunately, Tang Bin had already died before he could wake up.
Of course, this is Wu Guangyou's point of view, and in this process, Tang Bin's view of Lu Longqi was also refuted through a reply letter. In Lu's letter to Tang, there are many places where Wang Xuezhi is directly reprimanded: "If Yang Ming's learning is endless, then Zhu Zi's learning is disrespectful." ”
Here, Lu Longqi compares the study of Yang Ming with the study of Zhu Zi, and believes that to manifest the study of Zhu Zi, it is necessary to eliminate the concept of Yang Ming's study. In response to these rebukes of Lu Longqi, Tang Bin made such a counterattack in his reply: "In recent years, one or two giant princes have proposed that they spare no effort, and Yao Jiang's learning has declined, which can be described as a contribution to Cheng and Zhu Yi! However, the academic pouring in the sea is getting worse and worse, why is it the same? Cover the world and keep it together, and pretend to be long.... The giant public advocates the above, and there are many people who echo it. There are also those who indulge in the field of lust, destroy the corners of the house, and the mourners, and they all write books and skeletons, and they laugh at the bullets, saying: 'I am also tending to the situation!' There are also those who have not investigated Cheng and Zhu Zhili, who have not seen Yao Jiang's book, and who have not invented scholarship in a word, but who have extracted the hidden secrets of their hometown and home, in order to defend themselves and defend the evil deeds. The husband thinks that it is straight, and the sages are evil. However, the academic concerns cannot be ignored, such as Mencius's so-called unavoidable. Now that he has sacrificed his skills and destroyed his deeds, and even more so, has he sacrificed his deeds and praised his privacy, is it not possible to be self-indulgent in his academic subtlety, has not tried to discuss, has his deeds been obvious, has not been easy to slander, and has made a secret of his own selfishness and has no basis? This intention is also owed to the light! ”
Tang Bin wrote the "Draft History of Tang Wenzheng" in the ninth year of the Qing Dynasty, Su Tingkui carved the ancestral hall collection plate, book plate
Tang Bin believes that in recent years, some people have advocated Cheng Zhu Theory of Science in order to crack down on Yang MingXin, and sure enough, the Wang School has declined, and this practice should be due to the study of Cheng Zhu, but the result seen in reality is that the study style of society has become more corrupt. Why is this happening? Because the result of cracking down on Yang Mingxue is to make the world's scholars more hypocritical.
Several big figures advocated Cheng Zhu Lixue, and most people in society echoed it, which is also a kind of fashion, but these people who echoed it did not seriously study Cheng Zhu Lixue, and at the same time did not read Wang Yangming's works, they only blindly accused Wang Xue there, in fact, they did not understand Wang Xue's purpose at all.
In his reply, Tang Bin made his attitude clear in response to Lu Longqi's accusations against Wang Xue: "Coming to Yun: 'Yang Ming tasted better than Zhu Zi in the flood beast, and he was slandering the ancestors, and Mo Yang Mingruo was also deposed now. 'If a husband destroys the ears of the confucians, what hurts?' Stealing Yang Ming's slander of Zhu Ziye, Yang Ming's great sin also, what damage to Zhu Zi? What good is it to stop imitating his sins in the case of the miraculous deeds of the present people, such as two verbal scoldings? I am afraid that Zhu Zi is not happy to have such revenge! Therefore, the servant did not dare to slander Yang Ming, not to believe in Yang Ming's learning, not to have a long reputation, and to think that those who wanted to know Cheng Cheng and Zhu Dao should beware of Cheng Zhu's heart, learning Cheng, Zhu Zhixue. Poor reason must be extremely refined, and respect must be extreme. Joy and sorrow will seek the middle verse; hearing and speaking, will seek courtesy; sons and disciples will seek all points. For a long time, the hearts of the people are salty, and the voice should be self-evident. Even those who believe in Yang Ming also know that there is truth in sacred learning. If he knows that those who can insult are the disciples of Cheng Zhu, then they will destroy the corners of the house, and those who are in mourning will be destroyed, but they can summon their wild tongues, and they will all be the halls of Li Dousu and Si Zhi, and the non-servants dare to believe it. ”